Los fenómenos condicionantes de la ingeniería: la informática y las nuevas formas de organizar el trabajo

This paper describes the relationship of computer science in engineering and its effect on the organization of the engineer's work, for this purpose, a historical framework of engineering is outlined, some engineering definitions are presented, functions and skills are described. engineer, computer science and its contributions to engineering, as well as in university computer training of the engineer. For the elaboration of the work, a bibliographic revision was made, exploration of the study programs of the engineering careers given in some of the local universities, and revision of some software applications used in the functions of the engineer.En este trabajo se describe la relación de la informática en la ingeniería y su efecto en la organización del trabajo del ingeniero, para tal efecto, se esboza un marco histórico de la ingeniería, se presentan algunas definiciones de ingeniería, se describen funciones y habilidades del ingeniero, la informática y sus aportes a la ingeniería, así como en la formación informática universitaria del ingeniero. Para la elaboración del trabajo se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, exploración de los pensum de estudio de las carreras de ingeniería impartidas en algunas de las universidades locales, y revisión de algunas aplicaciones de software usadas en las funciones del ingeniero

Public policies in science and technology in Latin American countries with universities in the top 100 of web ranking

he present research characterizes the main public policies of Latin American countries that present universities in the top 100 of the web ranking of universities. As a determining governmental policy in the universities best positioned in the group studied, there is support for the training of doctors and the management of fundng programs for research projects, to a lesser extent the influence of accreditation programs on researchers, research groups and scientific joumals to the positioning of universitie

Contribution of research and development to the efficiency of social progress in latin america

Research and development, measured mainly by the production of patents, and by the investment of public expenditure in this sector, are recognized indicators that reflect the economic development of countries. This paper proposes to make a comparative analysis of the technical efficiency of some research and development factors in Latin American countries and their contribution to social progress. The data envelopment analysis method is applied to determine the comparative efficiency between countries and the contributions of inputs. As a result, the number of active researchers in the country and investment in research and development is the main inputs that contribute to maximizing social progress in Latin America

Machine learning applied to the h index of colombian authors with publications in scopus

Our research aims to establish how to predict the H index of Colombian authors with publications in Scopus until 2016. The selection of the date was because, as mentioned earlier, the number of documents indexed per year exceeded 10,000 and they obtained the highest number of documents cited. To accomplish this purpose, a quantitative, nonexperimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, explanatory, and predictive research was designed using supervised learning algorithms. These were applied to information from 8,840 Colombian authors. Among the findings we can highlight that: (i) Colombia is in the fifth position in the scope of countries of South America and the Caribbean, in terms of the number of products and citations; (ii) the largest number of Colombian authors with products in Scopus until 2016, belonged mainly to the area of natural sciences, followed by medical sciences and health; (iii) most of the Colombian authors were men (64.2%, or 5,442) and they have higher H index rates than women; (iv) using random cross validation for 10 iterations, the methods with the best predictive value using R2 and the minimization of mean absolute error (MAE) correspond to: AdaBoost (96.6% and 0.397, respectively); Random Forest (96.8% and 0.431, respectively); KNN (94.4% and 0.525, respectively); Tree (94.9% and 0.53, respectively); and Neural Network (93.3% and 0.7, respectively); and (v) the variables that help predict the H index in the case of the Colombian authors, in addition to the citations, correspond to: the quantity of products, number of products in Q1, and international collaboratio

El catastro sudamericano 1994–2013 y la visión del catastro 2014 de la Federación Internacional de Geómetras

The Land management is a highly dynamic activity in municipal management, for which warrants constant monitoring, especially in South America for its high variability from one country to another. This paper explores the situation cadastre in the South American countries, compared to that proposed by the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) in his vision of Cadastre 2014. It reviewed the literature describing the situation presented in cadastres 10 South American countries in the period 1994-2013. Result is a high variability between the municipal cadastre of the countries studied; highlighting the tax and legal nature thereof. We have observed significant changes legal and political over the past 25 years that impacted on how they manage their cadastral, however, under this review, we conclude that still has not been successful in achieving the six declarations of the vision of FIG Cadastre 2014La gestión del catastro es una actividad de alto dinamismo en la gestión municipal, por lo cual amerita constante seguimiento, especialmente en Sudamérica por su alta variabilidad de un país a otro. Este trabajo explora la situación en la que se encuentra el catastro sudamericano comparado con lo propuesto por la Federación Internacional de Geómetras (FIG) en su visión de Catastro 2014. Para ello se ha revisado la literatura que describe la situación que presentan los catastros de 10 países sudamericanos en el lapso 1994-2013. Se encuentra como resultado una alta variabilidad entre los catastros municipales de los países estudiados; destacándose el carácter jurídico y tributario de los mismos. Se observan cambios legales y políticos significativos en los últimos 25 años que han impactado en como administran sus catastros, sin embargo, bajo esta revisión, se concluye que aún no se ha logrado alcanzar satisfactoriamente las seis declaraciones propuestas en la visión del Catastro 2014 de la FI

La calidad: evolución de su significado y aplicación en servicios

The definition of quality has evolved over the last eighty years by the contributions of various authors and international organizations recognized by the scientific community. This article presents a documentary investigation of the chronological evolution of the definition of quality through the contributions of major philosophers or “gurus” of quality as well as international organizations who have contributed significantly to its suitability, study and dissemination. These definitions are applied and compared with some theories of quality of services, which include aspects such as its multidimensional nature, correspondence with attributes that meet customer needs and linked to customer satisfaction. You can see the validity of the theoretical tenets of the philosophers of quality, tested in a new form of society based primarily on services and information.La definición de calidad ha evolucionado en los último ochenta años por las contribuciones de diversos autores y organizaciones internacionales reconocidos por la comunidad científica. En el presente artículo se presenta una investigación documental de la evolución cronológica de la definición de calidad a través de los aportes de los principales filósofos o “gurúes” de la calidad así como también de Organizaciones Internacionales, quienes han contribuido significativamente con su adecuación, estudio y divulgación. Estas definiciones son aplicadas y contrastadas con algunas teorías de calidad de servicios, donde destacan aspectos como su carácter multidimensional, correspondencia con atributos que respondan a las necesidades del cliente y ligada a la satisfacción del cliente. Se aprecia la vigencia de los postulados teóricos de los filósofos de la calidad, puestos a prueba en una nueva modalidad de sociedad basada especialmente en servicios e información

Modelos de evaluación de la calidad del servicio: caracterización y análisis

Definir calidad del servicio y determinar cómo evaluarla ha sido motivo de importantes divergencias entre diversos autores. En el presente artículo, apoyado en una revisión bibliográfica respecto a algunos de los modelos de evaluación más representativos en la literatura científica, se caracterizan y analizan considerando sus perspectivas, dimensionalidad, aplicación y alcance. Se observa que la percepción del cliente es la perspectiva más utilizada en estas evaluaciones, destacándose el uso de modelos multidimensionales, basados en indicadores externos, donde la tangibilidad, atención al usuario, fiabilidad, seguridad, capacidad de respuesta y resultados son las dimensiones de evaluación más utilizadas. El modelo Service Quality (SERVQUAL), a pesar de ser muy cuestionado y de haber sido publicado hace más de 25 años, aún es considerado un referente importante, siendo citado, analizado y aplicado en numerosas y recientes investigaciones, en diversos tipos de servicios. Palabras clave: calidad del servicio, modelos de evaluación, análisis, estado del arte, SERVQUAL

Characterization of latin american universities in the TOP10 of the rankings

Among the most recognized university rankings are the Shanghai Ranking, QS World University Ranking, SCimago Institutions Rankings SIR and the Web Ranking of Universities-Webometrics. By June 2019, there are ten Latin American universities positioned in the Top10 of the four Rankings, despite their differentiating characteristics and established criteria. In this sense, the purpose of this paper is to characterize these universities for a period of ten (10) years (2009–2019) based on the data published in SIR, since it shows and registers the indicators for this period. Among the conclusions, it stands out that these universities are distinguished especially by their results in research, web presence, and web visibility showing improvements in their positioning from 2009 to 2019. However, after the evaluation of the innovation and social criteria, the ten universities coincide in declines in their global positioning from this sub-ranking

Formulation of strategies for efficient cadastral management

Cadastre has been a primary resource as a source of tax revenues. With the growth of population and urban areas, the information has increased exponentially and efficient ways to manage it are needed. This makes necessary to make changes in the way of managing their processes and resources and requiring the adequate legislation and regulations. This paper proposes the design of strategies using the SWOT matrix, considering the reviews reported in state database of Iberoamerican in a span of 14 years regarding diagnoses, mission, vision, and ability to provide services in cadastre management, in order to design strategies for efficiencies in management