Silicon sources for studies of rice plants in nutrient solutions

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of various Si sources currently used in studies of Si doses in nutrient solutions on dry matter yield and the accumulation of nutrients and Si in rice plants. Treatments of rice plants with three sources of Si (monossilicic acid, sodium metasilicate, potassium metasilicate) and a treatment without Si were allocated in a randomized block design with ten replications. After 39 days in the nutrient solution, the following traits were evaluated: leaf area, leaf specific mass, dry matter yield of roots and shoots, and levels of K, Na, and Si in leaves and roots. Si increased leaf area, leaf specific mass, and dry matter yield of shoots and roots regardless of the Si source. Levels of Si in leaves and roots were significantly higher in relation to the control treatment but no significant difference among Si sources was identified. It was also observed that K and Na were adequately balanced across the treatments. Thus, a cheaper and easier to obtain Si source, such as sodium metasilicate and potassium metasilicate, may be chosen to carry out studies of Si additions to nutrient solutions

Produção e qualidade de rosas em razão de doses de boro aplicadas no substrato

Muitos trabalhos têm demonstrado os efeitos da aplicação do boro (B) em variadas culturas; entretanto, poucos registros demonstram seus efeitos na produção de rosas. Objetivou-se com este experimento avaliar os efeitos de doses de B na produção e qualidade de rosas (Rosa hybrida cv. Shiny Terrazza®) em vaso. Os tratamentos foram cinco doses de B (0, 1, 4, 8 e 16 mg kg-1), aplicadas no substrato, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliados: número de flores por planta; número de folhas por haste floral; produção de matéria seca de raízes, folhas e flores; altura da planta; número de dias para o florescimento; comprimento do botão floral; e diâmetro e longevidade floral. Além disso, foram determinados os teores foliares de clorofila total e B e os sintomas de toxidez desse elemento. Verificou-se efeito significativo das doses de B na maioria das variáveis avaliadas, excetuando-se a altura das plantas, o número de flores por planta, a longevidade floral e a produção de matéria seca de raízes. O teor foliar de B aumentou linearmente em função das doses desse elemento. Houve incremento na produção e qualidade das flores com a aplicação do B, com redução do número de dias para o florescimento. Foram verificados sintomas de toxidez causado pelo B a partir da dose de 4 mg kg-1. Esses sintomas foram caracterizados por manchas do tipo encharcamento, iniciando nas margens do limbo foliar, com essas evoluindo para clorose e posterior necrose; na maior dose ocorreu queda de folhas. Essa queda foi responsável pela diminuição do número de folhas por haste no final do ciclo, a partir da dose de 8 mg kg-1 de B. As plantas com sintomas de toxidez apresentaram teores foliares de B acima de 200 mg kg-1, enquanto as sadias (controle), de 65 a 89 mg kg-1.Many studies have shown the effects of boron (B) application on various crops; however, results on roses are scarce. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of B on the production and quality of roses (Rosa hybrida Shiny Terrazza®) under controlled conditions. Treatments consisted of five rates of B (0, 1, 4, 8 and 16 mg kg-1) applied in the substrate in a randomized block design with five replicates. We evaluated the cycle; number of flowers per plant; number of leaves per flower stem; dry matter production of roots, leaves and flowers; plant height; length of the floral bud; and flower diameter and longevity. In addition, total chlorophyll and B content in the leaves and symptoms of B toxicity in the plants were also determined. There was a significant effect of B application rates on most of the variables, with the exception of plant height, number of flowers per plant, flower longevity, and root dry matter production. Leaf B content increased in a linear manner with increasing application rates of B in the range of 0 to 16 mg kg-1. There was an increase in flower production and quality with the application of B, and a reduction in the number of days to flowering. Boron toxicity symptoms were observed at B rates higher than 4 mg kg-1. These symptoms were characterized by soaked spots beginning at the edges of the leaf blade, with the spots evolving to chlorosis and subsequent necrosis. At the highest rate of B application, there was dropping of leaves. This leaf dropping was responsible for the decreased number of leaves per floral stem at the end of the cycle as of B application rates of 8 mg kg-1. Plants showing symptoms of toxicity had leaf B contents above 200 mg kg-1, while healthy plants (control) had B contents ranging from 65 to 89 mg kg-1

Potted rose cultivars with paclobutrazol drench applications

ABSTRACT: Growth retardants, such as paclobutrazol, reduce plant height, and thus enable commercialization of larger ornamental plants in pots. The aim of this research was to evaluate the size, yield and flower quality of two rose cultivars as a function of various paclobutrazol applications to growing substrate. Treatments consisted of two cultivars (Yellow Terrazza® and Shiny Terrazza®) planted in plastic pots and five paclobutrazol doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0mg pot-1). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. Experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The following traits were evaluated: plant height; stem diameter, number of flowers and leaves of floral stem; length of flower bud; floral cycle, leaf area; flower diameter and floral longevity; chlorophyll content in leaves; and yield. Paclobutrazol improved the quality and esthetics of flowers of both cultivars. It also reduced leaf dry matter production, plant height, flower height and diameter and increased chlorophyll content and flower longevity. Paclobutrazol effectively reduced plant height, producing a harmonious relationship between the plant and the pot, without phytotoxicity. Therefore, we suggested applying 2.0mgpot-1 of paclobutrazol to the substrate of Yellow Terrazza® and Shiny Terrazza® rose cultivars

Variabilidade espacial de atributos químicos em diferentes profundidades em um Latossolo em sistema de plantio direto

O estudo da variabilidade espacial dos atributos químicos no solo é uma etapa importante na agricultura de precisão. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a variabilidade espacial em duas profundidades (0-10 e 10-20 cm) do pH em água, saturação por bases e teores de matéria orgânica e micronutrientes (B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn) em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, textura média, cultivado há oito anos em sistema de plantio direto, em Uberlândia - MG. A coleta das amostras do solo foi realizada em intervalos regulares de 50 m, em malha regular de 121 pontos. Os dados foram avaliados por estatística descritiva e geoestatística, com base no ajuste de semivariogramas. Maiores teores de matéria orgânica, Mn e Zn foram verificados nos primeiros 10 cm do solo. A maior variabilidade foi encontrada para B e a menor para pH em água. Além da variabilidade vertical, há também variabilidade horizontal entre as profundidades. A dependência espacial varia conforme o atributo químico avaliado e a profundidade de coleta. Os valores de alcance foram maiores na profundidade de 0-10 cm

Gladiolus production and nutritional status as a function of silicon application to the substrate1

<div><p>ABSTRACT Gladiolus is among the most traditional and important cut flowers in Brazil. Silicon (Si) is an element that has increased the production and quality of some ornamental plants. This study aimed at evaluating the production and nutritional status of gladiolus cultivars under greenhouse conditions, according to the Si doses applied to the substrate. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, being three gladiolus cultivars ('White Friendship', 'Rose Friendship' and 'Red Beauty') and four Si doses (0 mg dm-3, 150 mg dm-3, 300 mg dm-3 and 600 mg dm-3), with five replicates. Morphological traits and leaf Si, macro and micronutrients were evaluated. 'White Friendship' and 'Red Beauty' developed taller plants, with a higher diameter and spikes heavier and longer than 'Rose Friendship'. The order of leaf nutrient concentrations for all the cultivars evaluated was the same (K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P > Fe > Mn > B > Zn > Cu), with all of them being classified as Si non-accumulators. Neither the evaluated morphological variables, nor the uptake of the nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, were affected by the Si supplementation, suggesting that the addition of Si to the substrate does not enhance the gladiolus production.</p></div

Iron doses in the production of potted rosebushes

The production and quality of roses are influenced by fertilization management. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of doses of iron (Fe) in the production of potted rose bushes (Rosa hybrida). Treatments were based on five doses of Fe (0, 1, 3, 5 and 15mg kg -1 ) applied on the substrate, in a randomized block design with four replications. Seedlings presented two pairs of leaves and were individually transplanted into plastic pots (0.8dm 3 ) containing commercial substrate. Each experimental plot consisted of a vase with a plant with two flower stalks. The following parameters were evaluated: number of leaves and flowers per flower stalk; dry matter production of roots, leaves and flowers; plant height and diameter and floral longevity. In addition, foliar levels of total chlorophyll and Fe were determined. Fertilization with Fe increases the production and quality of flowers of the rosebush cv. ‘Shiny Terrazza’ ® . Dose of Fe to be added to the substrate used in this study for maximum economic efficiency for this cultivar is 3.6mg kg -1 .A produção e qualidade das rosas são influenciadas pelo manejo da adubação. Objetivou-se com este experimento, avaliar os efeitos de doses de ferro (Fe) na produção de roseiras (Rosa hybrida) cultivadas em vasos. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco doses de Fe (0, 1, 3, 5 e 15mg kg -1 ) aplicadas no substrato, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As mudas apresentavam dois pares de folhas e foram individualmente transplantadas para vasos plásticos (0,8dm 3 ) contendo substrato comercial. Cada parcela experimental foi constituída por um vaso com uma planta com duas hastes florais. Foram avaliados a quantidade de folhas e flores por haste floral; produção de matéria seca de raízes, folhas e flores; altura das plantas e diâmetro e, longevidade floral. Além disso, foram determinados os teores foliares de clorofila total e Fe. A adubação com Fe aumenta a produção e a qualidade das flores da roseira cv. ‘Shiny Terrazza’ ® . A dose de Fe a ser adicionada ao substrato para obtenção da máxima eficiência econômica para essa cultivar é 3,6mg kg -1

Withdrawal of region cutting and substrate in propagation vegetative pot of roseira

The rose is a major ornamental species produced in Brazil. Its propagation is mainly made by cutting. In the process, cutting and substrate can influence the quality of seedlings. Given the above, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the best cutting withdrawal region and the appropriate substrate for vegetative propagation of pot rose cv. Yellow Terrazza®. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x3 factorial [two cutting removal of regions, apical and median x three substrates: commercial substrate, clay soil and commercial substrate mixture (1:1, v/v) and sand and commercial substrate mixture (1:1, v/v)], with ten replicates. The experiment was conducted in a tunnel covered with shadecloth.The cuttings were placed in polypropylene vase with 100 cm³ capacity, filled with each substrate. Were evaluated the length of roots, number of roots/cutting and dry matter of roots and shoots. The apical cutting propagates with higher quality seedlings of pot rose cv. Yellow Terrazza® than the median cutting, without influence of substrate type. Got better preparation of the pot rose cutting with clay soil and commercial substrate mixture