5 research outputs found

    Evolução do padrão de fecundidade na América Latina: em busca de uma idiossincrasia

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    Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-11T02:41:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_gabriela_m._o._bonifacio_final__2_.pdf: 5961484 bytes, checksum: 718af0132f3f8731cca2195756562f94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 5Analisa-se um conjunto de variáveis que compõem o que se denomina, neste trabalho, um padrão de fecundidade para países da América Latina e Caribe (ALC) ao longo do tempo. Considera-se, por um lado, aquelas que são intrínsecas ao nível (dizem respeito ao tempo e quantum) e, por outro, as que são extrínsecas, ou seja, que se relacionam à TFT de uma forma indireta (contracepção e nupcialidade). Este propósito serviu a dois objetivos principais: i)- verificar se há uma tendência de mudança no padrão de fecundidade, ao longo do processo de transição, seguindo o modelo europeu. A comparação com a Europa se justifica pelo fato de os principais estudos envolvendo a teoria da "Transição Demográfica" tomar esse continente como referência e, que foi pioneiro nas mudanças que a caracterizaram; ii)- entender se há distinções no padrão de fecundidade entre os países da ALC que iniciaram o processo de transição em épocas aproximadas. Numa tentativa de contextualizar tal processo, as análises foram feitas para estratos socioeconômicos, utilizando critérios de escolaridade e riqueza, em três períodos do tempo diferentes, lançando-se mão de pesquisas do tipo DHS e RHS para oito países: Brasil, Colômbia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Nicarágua, Paraguai, Peru e República Dominicana. Os resultados mostram que as transformações no padrão de fecundidade parecem seguir o que foi constatado para a Europa durante a transição, sugerindo a existência de uma tendência geral de mudança. Ademais, foram identificados distintos padrões na região associados ao nível de fecundidade. Assim, no caso dos países analisados, a TFT, conquanto nunca suficiente, é um bom indicador do padrão de fecundidade, pois valores elevados tendem a se relacionar com padrões mais tradicionais enquanto valores menores tendem a se aproximar de padrões mais modernos, ou seja, da realidade européia. A convergência de padrões de fecundidade junto com o declínio do nível, ao longo dos períodos, indicaria que quanto menor a TFT mais homogêneo tende a ser o padrão de fecundidade entre os países. No que tange aos estratos socioeconômicos, as diferenças no padrão permaneceram desde o primeiro período analisado, com o das mais educadas e do quintil de renda mais alto apresentando características que mais se aproximavam do padrão europeu. O trabalho realizado permite traçar um panorama bastante completo da fecundidade na ALC, ao identificar as mudanças que ocorrem nos indicadores considerados durante o processo de transição. Por último, considera-se que seja um insumo relevante para traçar cenários futuros sobre comportamento reprodutivo, e também para avaliar políticas públicas que tratam do assunto, sob uma perspectiva macro.A set of variables tha may define a called fertility pattern for Latin America and in the Caribbean (LAC) is analyzed over time. We consider, on the one side, variables intrinsically related to the level (related to the tempo and quantum) and, on the other side, variables extrinsic i.e., that are indirectly related to the TFR (contraception and nuptiality). The analyses aim to pursue two objectives: i)- check if there is a tendency of change in the pattern of fertility over the transition process, following the European model. The comparison with Europe is justified by the fact that the main studies involving the "Demographic Transition Theory" take this continent as a reference, since the continent pioneered the changes that characterized this theory; ii)- to understand if there are distinctions in the fertility pattern among the LAC countries that began the transition process in similar periods. In an attempt to contextualize this process, the analyzes were made by socioeconomic strata, using criteria of education and wealth, in three different points in time, using Demographic Health Survey (DHS) and Reproductive Health Survey (RHS) for eight countries: Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica , El Salvador, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru and the Dominican Republic. The results indicate that changes in the pattern of fertility of Latin American countries over the periods analyzed follow what was found in Europe during the transition. It would be a general change tendency. In addition, were identified patterns consistent with the fertility level. Therefore, in the case of the countries examined, the TFR would be a good not exhaustively, though of the fertility pattern: high values tend to relate to more traditional patterns while lower values tend to approach the modern pattern, i.e., the European reality. The convergence of fertility patterns associated to the fertility decline over the periods, however, suggests that the smaller the TFR, the more homogeneous the fertility pattern among the countries. Regarding socioeconomic strata, the differences in the pattern persisted since the first period, with the most educated women and the highest wealth quintile showing characteristics that are similar to the European model. This dissertation draws a complete picture of fertility in LAC and identifies the changes that occurred in its key indicators during the transition process. The findings may be an important resource for projecting future scenarios on reproductive behavior and for the evaluation of public policies that deal with this subject from a macro level perspective

    Effect Of Differently Processed Acai (euterpe Oleracea Mart.) On The Retention Of Phenolics And Anthocyanins In Chewy Candies

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    Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)This study investigated the effects of processing and storage on the physicochemical properties and retention of antioxidant compounds of no-added sucrose chewy candies (NASC) incorporated with differently processed acai (frozen pulp, spray-dried and freeze-dried powders). NASC containing freeze-dried acai had the highest softness and recoveries of total phenolic (TP) and total anthocyanin (TA) immediately after production. Colour parameters and antioxidant capacity by ABTS and ORAC assays had no significant differences after 6months of NASC storage, except for ORAC in NASC containing spray-dried acai, whereas DPPH center dot in all samples significantly increased. Water activity and hardness also increased after storage, whereas TP and TA contents decreased, despite presenting good retentions (approx. 72-78% TP and 84-99% TA). This study suggests that acai has a great potential to be used as a natural pigment and antioxidant source in candy manufacturing, meeting consumption trends towards healthier products.511226032612National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

    Co-crystallization of paprika oleoresin and storage stability study

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    Paprika oleoresin was co-crystallized to formulate a natural and hydrophilic dye for use in food applications. The color stabilities of the co-crystallized and free oleoresins were evaluated at different temperatures (25 and 35 degrees C, 70% RH) and light exposures (light 70 watts and dark, 25 degrees C, 70% RH). Co-crystallization from supersaturated sucrose syrup (S = 1.32) was found to be optimum for the formation of sugar agglomerates in a few minutes, with the paprika oleoresin entrapped inside. With time, decreases in the values of the a(star) parameter and the beta-carotene content were observed with increasing temperature and with the incidence of light. The color degradation kinetics were dependent on both factors. The loss of color was greater for the free oleoresin as compared to the co-crystallized, suggesting that the co-crystallization process improves oleoresin retention in the sugar matrix, making it less susceptible to losses due to color degradation.39118218
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