Difundiendo virología ¿contagiando ciencia?

El presente trabajo se enmarca en la convocatoria de Proyectos de Innovación e Investigación para el Mejoramiento de la Enseñanza deGrado (PIIMEG) 2017-2018. Partimos de trabajar interdisciplinariamente la problemática relacionada con potenciar las competencias de los futuros profesionales para que no solo dominen el conocimiento en Microbiología, y en particular en Virología, sino también puedan promoverlo, movilizarlo y transferirlo a través de cierto impacto social de ese accionar. Se torna esencial en la vinculación entre la ciencia y la sociedad el protagonismo de un público que se constituye como actor esencial en la prevención de la salud. Prevalece sobre todo una responsabilidad social de los científcos en sus hallazgos. La habilidad de seleccionar información, redactar, elaborar informes, mediar, resolver conflictos, trabajar en equipo, en ambientes multiculturales, planifcar y organizar son algunas de las características de un divulgador que contribuirán a la consolidación de determinadas competencias.Su estímulo por parte de los mismos formadores en los estudiantes de carreras de esta índole permitirá generar un compromiso social y una responsabilidad en el desarrollo de su profesión. De hecho, mostramos en este trabajo una manera diferente de divulgar, prevenir y compartir contenidos puntuales en torno a la virología.Fil: Sartori, Melina Victoria. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Cristina Vanesa. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Rovera, Marisa. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: de la Barrera, María Laura. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Cesar Gastón. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Pollo, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Ciani, Marcelo G.. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentin

Acute aquatic toxicity to zebrafish and bioaccumulation in marine mussels of antimony tin oxide nanoparticles

Antimony tin oxide (Sb2O5/SnO2) is effective in the absorption of infrared radiation for applications, such as skylights. As a nanoparticle (NP), it can be incorporated into films or sheets providing infrared radiation attenuation while allowing for a transparent final product. The acute toxicity exerted by commercial Sb2O5/SnO2 (ATO) NPs was studied in adults and embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Our results suggest that these NPs do not induce an acute toxicity in zebrafish, either adults or embryos. However, some sub-lethal parameters were altered: heart rate and spontaneous movements. Finally, the possible bioaccumulation of these NPs in the aquacultured marine mussel Mytilus sp. was studied. A quantitative analysis was performed using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS). The results indicated that, despite being scarce (2.31 × 106 ± 9.05 × 105 NPs/g), there is some accumulation of the ATO NPs in the mussel. In conclusion, commercial ATO NPs seem to be quite innocuous to aquatic organisms; however, the fact that some of the developmental parameters in zebrafish embryos are altered should be considered for further investigation. More in-depth analysis of these NPs transformations in the digestive tract of humans is needed to assess whether their accumulation in mussels presents an actual risk to humans.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia | Ref. 2020.04021.CEECIN

Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis display impaired Th1 responses and enhanced regulatory T-Cell levels in response to an outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis M and Ra Strains

Fil: Geffner, Laura. Academia Nacional de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas Mariano R. Castex; Argentina.Fil: Yokobori, Noemi. Academia Nacional de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas Mariano R. Castex; Argentina.Fil: Basile, Juan. Academia Nacional de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas Mariano R. Castex; Argentina.Fil: Schierloh, Pablo. Academia Nacional de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas Mariano R. Castex; Argentina.Fil: Balboa, Luciana. Academia Nacional de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas Mariano R. Castex; Argentina.Fil: Mercedes Romero, María. Academia Nacional de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas Mariano R. Castex; Argentina.Fil: Ritacco, Viviana. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Vescovo, Marisa. Hospital Muñiz. Instituto de Tisioneumonología; Argentina.Fil: Gonzalez Montaner, Pablo. Hospital Muñiz. Instituto de Tisioneumonología; Argentina.Fil: López, Beatriz. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Barrera, Lucía. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Alemán, Mercedes. Academia Nacional de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas Mariano R. Castex; Argentina.Fil: Sasiain, María C. Academia Nacional de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas Mariano R. Castex; Argentina.Fil: de la Barrera, Silvia. Academia Nacional de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas Mariano R. Castex; Argentina.Fil: Abbate, Eduardo. Hospital Muñiz. Instituto de Tisioneumonología; Argentina.In Argentina, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) outbreaks emerged among hospitalized patients with AIDS in the early 1990s and thereafter disseminated to the immunocompetent community. Epidemiological, bacteriological, and genotyping data allowed the identification of certain MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis outbreak strains, such as the so-called strain M of the Haarlem lineage and strain Ra of the Latin America and Mediterranean lineage. In the current study, we evaluated the immune responses induced by strains M and Ra in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with active MDR-TB or fully drug-susceptible tuberculosis (S-TB) and in purified protein derivative-positive healthy controls (group N). Our results demonstrated that strain M was a weaker gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) inducer than H37Rv for group N. Strain M induced the highest interleukin-4 expression in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from MDR-and S-TB patients, along with the lowest cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity in patients and controls. Hence, impairment of CTL activity is a hallmark of strain M and could be an evasion mechanism employed by this strain to avoid the killing of macrophages by M-specific CTL effectors. In addition, MDR-TB patients had an increased proportion of circulating regulatory T cells (Treg cells), and these cells were further expanded upon in vitro M. tuberculosis stimulation. Experimental Treg cell depletion increased IFN-gamma expression and CTL activity in TB patients, with M-and Ra-induced CTL responses remaining low in MDR-TB patients. Altogether, these results suggest that immunity to MDR strains might depend upon a balance between the individual host response and the ability of different M. tuberculosis genotypes to drive Th1 or Th2 profiles

Compatibility of prolonged infusion antibiotics during Y-site administration

[Background] Antimicrobial resistance is a threat to global public health. The use of prolonged infusions in the hospital setting for certain antimicrobials is widely increasing in order to improve their efficacy and safety, including resistance development. Due to limited vascular access, it is important to clarify whether they can be infused through the same line with other drugs during Y-site administration.[Aim] The aim of this review is to update and summarize the evidence on Y-site compatibility of antibacterial agents administered as prolonged infusions in intensive care units (ICUs). Study Design A literature review of PubMed, EMBASE and Trissel's Handbook on Injectable Drugs databases was conducted on the compatibility of selected antimicrobials administered simultaneously at a Y-site connection with parenteral nutrition and other widely used drugs in ICUs. All articles published up to October 30, 2021, in English or Spanish were included, regardless of the type of publication (original articles, case reports, letters, etc.). Eligible antimicrobials were those that can be administered as prolonged infusions: ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftaroline, cloxacillin, ceftobiprole, vancomycin and fosfomycin.[Results] A total of 1302 drug-to-drug potential combinations were explored, 196 (15.05%) were found to be incompatible, and in 541 (41.55%), data were not available. The results were presented in a simple 2-dimensional consultation chart as a quick reference for health care professionals.[Conclusions] This review provides useful and reliable information on the compatibility of antimicrobials administered as Y-site infusion with other drugs commonly used in the critical setting. This review contributes to patient safety in nursing practice. Relevance to Clinical Practice To our knowledge, this is the first review on Y-site compatibility of antimicrobials used as prolonged infusions with other commonly used drugs, including anti-emetics, analgesics and anti-epileptic and parenteral nutrition. The results of the current review need to be addressed to promote the knowledge sharing between health professionals and improve the quality and safety of patients. We believe that this review may serve as a simple and effective 2-dimensional updated drug-to-drug compatibility reference chart for critical care nurses.Peer reviewe

Factors associated with commencing smoking in 12-year-old students in Catalonia (Spain): a cross-sectional population-based study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Over the last decade notable progress has been made in developed countries on monitoring smoking although experimenting with cigarettes and smoking in young people remains a serious public health problem. This paper reports a cross-sectional study at the beginning of the 3-year follow-up community study TA_BES. The aim was to study the prevalence of smoking in addition to determining predictive factors for when smoking commences in a representative population of 12-year-old first year compulsory secondary education students.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty-nine secondary schools (N = 29) from an area of Catalonia participated in the study. In these schools 2245 students answered a questionnaire to study the attitudes, behaviors, and tobacco consumption in the subject's surrounding circle and family in relation to smoking; carbon monoxide measurements were taken by means of co-oximetry on 2 different occasions. A smoker was defined as a student who had smoked daily or occasionally in the last 30 days. For non-smokers the criteria of not considering was set up for those who answered that in the future they would not be smokers and considering those who answered that they did not rule out becoming a smoker in the future.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among the total 2245 students included in the analysis 157(7%) were classified as smokers. Among non-smokers we differentiated between those not considering smoking 1757 (78.3%) and those considering smoking 288 (12.8%).</p> <p>Age is among the factors related to commencing smoking. The risk of becoming a smoker increases 2.27 times/year. The influence of the group of friends with a very high risk for boys OR 149.5 and lower, albeit high, in girls OR 38.1. Tobacco consumption of parents produces different effects in young people. A smoking father does not produce alterations in the smoking behavior of young people. However having a smoking mother or former smoking is a risk factor for boys and a protective factor for girls.</p> <p>We detected a gradual risk of becoming a smoker by means of the co-oximetry test. A boy/girl with a test between 6 p.p.m and 10 p.p.m increased the probability of smoking by 2.29 and co-oximetry values > 10 p.p.m multiplied the risk 4 times over.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Results indicate that the age of commencing smoking is maintained in spite of prevalence having decreased in the last few years. The risk factors identified should be used to involve families and the educational community by offering them tobacco weaning programmes.</p

El Derecho Argentino frente a la pandemia y post-pandemia COVID-19. TOMO I

La Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba no podía permanecer indolente frente a la conmoción que, durante este año 2020, ha provocado en el mundo la pandemia de COVID-19. Como comunidad educativa advertíamos que la prioridad máxima era lograr la continuidad de la labor de nuestra Casa de Estudios, para garantizar a nuestros alumnos del grado y del posgrado, el ejercicio de su derecho a estudiar, continuando y en algunos casos iniciando sus estudios, a pesar de las condiciones adversas que se vivían. Con esa finalidad convocamos a los profesores titulares de todas las cátedras y eméritos y consultos que quisieran hacerlo, a sumarse con sus aportes a esta construcción colectiva, que aborda los temas que nos ocupan desde las diversas perspectivas de las distintas áreas del mundo jurídico. Y la desinteresada respuesta positiva no se hizo esperar. Prueba de ello es este libro cuyas dimensiones, tanto en lo cuantitativo como en lo cualitativo, superaron las expectativas iniciales. La jerarquía de los autores que generosamente han participado con sus contribuciones, en algunos casos en forma individual y en otros acompañados por sus equipos de colaboradores, permiten prever que esta obra ha de brindar elementos de juicio de gran utilidad para continuar construyendo el mundo jurídico, dentro de la pandemia y después de ella.ÍNDICE GENERAL. TOMO I. "Pandemia, postpandemia y derecho" por Guillermo Eduardo Barrera Buteler. UNIVERSIDAD Y PANDEMIA: "Desafíos y estrategias de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba en tiempos de COVID-19. Enseñanza y aprendizaje pospandemia" por Ramón Pedro Yanzi Ferreira. HISTORIA. HISTORIA DEL DERECHO. DERECHO ROMANO: "De las pestes en la antigua Roma" por Edgardo García Chiple, Juan B. Fernández, Marisa Domínguez y Laura Salomón. Adscriptos: Carla Pedrón, Julieta Dalin, Lorena Sánchez, Eduardo Villafañe Molina y Rodrigo López. "Los cuerpos heridos. Las epidemias en la historia" por Marcela Aspell. DERECHO PRIVADO: "Los principios generales del Derecho Privado como instrumentos de solución de conflictos derivados de la pandemia del coronavirus" por Juan Carlos Palmero. "COVID-19 y contrato" por Juan Manuel Aparicio. "Saliendo de la crisis (Una mirada a la preconcursalidad privada para la actividad empresarial: nada nuevo, solo ideas o actitudes nuevas)" por Efraín Hugo Richard. "Responsabilidad de administradores en la emergencia" por Horacio Roitman, Alejandro Vergara, Marcos Broglio Michelli y María Victoria Marengo. "Alteración de las circunstancias por efecto de la pandemia de Covid 19 y exigibilidad contractual" por Alejandro E. Freytes. "Daños causados por contagio por coronavirus. La cuestión de la causalidad" por José Fernando Márquez. "El ejercicio de los derechos personalísimos en tiempos de pandemia y post pandemia" por Beatriz Junyent de Sandoval, Patricia Stein y Gabriel Eugenio Tavip. "Panorama sobre la normativa de emergencia COVID-19 en la publicidad registral de los derechos reales sobre inmuebles provincia de Córdoba" por Raquel Virginia Moyano y Gabriela Sosa.Fil: Barrera Buteler, Guillermo Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Yanzi Ferreira, Ramón Pedro. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: García Chiple, Edgardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Fernández, Juan B. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Domínguez, Marisa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Salomón, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Pedrón, Carla. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Dalin, Julieta. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Sánchez, Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Villafañe Molina, Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: López, Rodrigo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Aspell, Marcela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Palmero, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Aparicio, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Richard, Efraín Hugo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Roitman, Horacio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Vergara, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Broglio Michelli, Marcos. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Marengo, María Victoria. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Freytes, Alejandro E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Márquez, José Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Junyent de Sandoval, Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Stein, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Tavip, Gabriel Eugenio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Moyano, Raquel Virginia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Sosa, Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake