TripAdvisor y actos de habla. Delimitaciones teóricas y propuestas metodológicas para el análisis de las estrategias de atenuación de los actos directivos

Las opiniones que aparecen en la página web TripAdvisor, como muestra relevante de la promoción del Turismo 2.0, se convierten, dadas las características de este discurso, en macroactos de habla directivos en los que convergen actos de distinta naturaleza. Si bien se presentan como opiniones, trascienden los límites de la mera información para convertirse en actos directivos, ya que el opinante se ve implicado en la construcción de una especie de guía de ayuda a otros viajeros. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es categorizar los distintos tipos de las denominadas por la página web TripAdvisor “opiniones” como sugerencias, consejos, recomendaciones y advertencias, y analizar las estrategias de atenuación a las que se recurre en su formulación al servicio de distintas actividades de imagen. Los resultados muestran una tendencia que nos lleva a proponer la distinción entre estos tipos de actos directivos sobre la base de: la recurrencia a estrategias de atenuación, factores como el poder o la voluntad del opinante, el coste-beneficio para el destinatario, así como las propias calificaciones de las opiniones – en las categorías “excelente”, “muy bueno”, “normal”, “malo” y “pésimo”– establecidas por la propia página web. Tener en cuenta todas estas variables nos ha permitido constatar la existencia de un continuo de los actos de habla que se corresponden con diferentes grados de estrategias de atenuación, también en función de las categorías de evaluación y de los mecanismos utilizados para producir el actoTripAdvisor is a relevant sample of Tourism 2.0. Due to the characteristics of this type of discourse, the “opinions” turn into directive speech macroacts, in which acts of a different nature converge. Hence the opinions published on TripAdvisor go beyond the limits of mere information to become directive acts, as the commentator is involved in the construction of a sort of guide to help other travellers. Consequently, the aims of this paper are, on the one hand, to categorize the different types of so-called “reviews” into: suggestions, advices, recommendations and warnings. On the other hand to analyze the mitigation strategies which are used when the speech acts are carried out. The results display a tendency that suggests the distinction between suggestions, recommendations, advices and warnings. This tendency is based on mitigation strategies, different factors such as power, the speaker’s will, the balance cost-benefit to the addressee, and the ratings that have established by TripAdvisor: “excellent”, “very good”, “average”, “poor” and “terrible”. The consideration of these variables has permitted us to observe the existence of a continuum of speech acts that correspond to different degrees of mitigation strategies and that also depend on TripAdvisor’s rates and the mechanisms that are used for producing the act

La migrazione latinoamericana in Italia: uno sguardo all’‘altro latino’ nella stampa nazionale

Il contributo affronta il tema della rappresentazione del/dei migrante/i latinoamericani nella stampa nazionale italiana adottando un approccio analitico quanti-qualitativo in grado di dare conto del marco discorso e delle micro strategie impiegate dalla stampa per descrivere la migrazione latinoamericana nel territorio nazionale. L’obiettivo è indagare la distribuzione delle notizie relative ai ‘latinos’ e ‘latinoamericani’ per ambiti e temi ed esaminare, altresì, le strategie discorsive e le forme linguistiche più frequenti e rilevanti nella costruzione identitaria. L’analisi del trattamento mediatico riservato all’altro latino’ che ne deriva permette di meglio comprendere i modi di costruzione sociale e di abbozzare l’immagine che i lettori ricevono e, al contempo, contribuiscono a costruire delle persone di origine latinoamericana.This paper deals with the representation of Latin American migrant/s in the Italian national press by adopting a quanti-qualitative analytical approach. It can give account of macro- and micro- discourse strategies used by the press to describe Latin American migration in the national territory. The aim is to investigate the distribution of news about ‘latinos’ and ‘Latin Americans’ into sections and topics and to examine also the discursive strategies and linguistic forms more frequent and relevant for the identity construction. The analysis of media treatment reserved to the ‘other latino’ makes possible to better understand the ways of social identity construction as well as to sketch the image that readers receive of Latin American people and, at the same time, contribute to build

Book Review - Natasha King, No Borders: The Politics of Immigration Control and Resistance

Ocena je objavljena na angleških straneh“Imagine a society like a ripped sheet, each hole being a space of freedom destined to grow larger. As long as it is being pierced, those who find themselves caught in the material will not choke. They will be able to choose to migrate […] We need to push these walls” (anonymous interview: 159). The metaphor used by this interviewee offers a good visual explanation of the aim and direction of the No Borders movement, which Natasha King brilliantly explains in her book. The author is an English scholar with a PhD in political science from the University of Nottingham who focuses on the struggle for the freedom of movement and has conducted extensive research on the topic around Europe, specifically in Calais, France, and Athens, Greece.

Visualizing Co-Phylogenetic Reconciliations

We introduce a hybrid metaphor for the visualization of the reconciliations of co-phylogenetic trees, that are mappings among the nodes of two trees. The typical application is the visualization of the co-evolution of hosts and parasites in biology. Our strategy combines a space-filling and a node-link approach. Differently from traditional methods, it guarantees an unambiguous and `downward' representation whenever the reconciliation is time-consistent (i.e., meaningful). We address the problem of the minimization of the number of crossings in the representation, by giving a characterization of planar instances and by establishing the complexity of the problem. Finally, we propose heuristics for computing representations with few crossings.Comment: This paper appears in the Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization (GD 2017

Looking at the nudibranch family myrrhinidae (Gastropoda, heterobranchia) from a mitochondrial ‘2d folding structure’ point of view

Integrative taxonomy is an evolving field of multidisciplinary studies often utilised to elucidate phylogenetic reconstructions that were poorly understood in the past. The systematics of many taxa have been resolved by combining data from different research approaches, i.e., molecular, ecological, behavioural, morphological and chemical. Regarding molecular analysis, there is currently a search for new genetic markers that could be diagnostic at different taxonomic levels and that can be added to the canonical ones. In marine Heterobranchia, the most widely used mitochondrial markers, COI and 16S, are usually analysed by comparing the primary sequence. The 16S rRNA molecule can be folded into a 2D secondary structure that has been poorly exploited in the past study of heterobranchs, despite 2D molecular analyses being sources of possible diagnostic characters. Comparison of the results from the phylogenetic analyses of a concatenated (the nuclear H3 and the mitochondrial COI and 16S markers) dataset (including 30 species belonging to eight accepted genera) and from the 2D folding structure analyses of the 16S rRNA from the type species of the genera investigated demonstrated the diagnostic power of this RNA molecule to reveal the systematics of four genera belonging to the family Myrrhinidae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia). The “molecular morphological” approach to the 16S rRNA revealed to be a powerful tool to delimit at both species and genus taxonomic levels and to be a useful way of recovering information that is usually lost in phylogenetic analyses. While the validity of the genera Godiva, Hermissenda and Phyllodesmium are confirmed, a new genus is necessary and introduced for Dondice banyulensis, Nemesis gen. nov. and the monospecific genus Nanuca is here synonymised with Dondice, with Nanuca sebastiani transferred into Dondice as Dondice sebastiani comb. nov

Check-list of the Nudibranchs (Mollusca Gastropoda) from the biodiversity hot spot "Scoglio del Corallo" (Argentario promontory, Tuscany)

The Mediterranean nudibranch (Mollusca Gastropoda) fauna is part of complex communities belonging to the Mediterranean endemic "Coralligenous". This important ecosystem shows a high species richness and functional diversity with assemblages of species tied together by major trophic and ecological relationships. A first check-list for the biodiversity hot spot "Scoglio del Corallo", located along the coast of the Argentario promontory (Tuscany, Tyrrhenian Sea) is here reported

Special Issue on Marine Toxins

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