TOWARDS AN AGENT-BASED MODEL OF EURO COINS' DIFFUSION

This article is expected to provide an improved methodology for the construction of a macro-meso-micro European mobility model within a multidisciplinary framework. Such a research is supposed to lead to a better understanding of the spatial and social structure of the relations between European countries and citizens that we grasp by studying the diffusion of foreign Euro coins. An Agent-Based Model prototype is developed in this sense to bring to light multiple components of diffusion acting on different spaces and temporalities. Assumptions on macroscopic mobility are taken into account by spatial interaction models and agent-based models, with sociological parameters of individual behavior being mostly related to the social network analysis and the time geography in order to model mobility decisions (scheduling of activities and destination choices)

The circulation of euro coins as markers of European mobility in France

This study examines the social and territorial structure of the relations between Eurozone countries and residents that we grasp by studying the diffusion of foreign euro coins (2002-2011). As a euro coin is conveyed across space by persons, it offers a good representation of both social and spatial networks, as well as it allows the study of both social and territorial inequalities with regards to international connectiveness. We use a series of individual-level representative surveys describing the content of the money bag of an amount of 21,669 respondents and analyse internationalization differences using logistic regressions. The results show that students and executives are the social categories that are the most connected to neighbouring peoples and which are therefore potential vectors of a European identity. They also demonstrate strong spatial and territorial variations of the openness of places and people to the rest of Europe—everything else being equal.Cet article s’intéresse à la structure des relations sociales et territoriales qui se tissent en Europe à travers l’étude de la diffusion des pièces de monnaie étrangères en euro (2002-2011). Dans la mesure où les pièces de monnaie circulent à la faveur de l’échange entre personnes, leur répartition est un marqueur indirect de la mise en réseau des territoires et des hommes qui reflète bien les inégalités territoriales et sociales dans l’accès à la mobilité internationale. Nous présentons dans cet article une série d’études individuelles représentatives décrivant le contenu du porte-monnaie de 21 669 enquêtés et analysant les différences en terme d’internationalisation sur la base de régressions logistiques. Les résultats montrent que les étudiants et les cadres sont les catégories sociales les plus connectées aux populations étrangères voisines et qu’elles sont en conséquence des vecteurs potentiels d’une identité européenne. Ils montrent également de fortes variations spatiales et territoriales en termes d’ouverture au reste de l’Europe des personnes et des lieux – toutes choses étant égales par ailleurs

Des euros et des hommes : modélisation d'un lien complexe

International audienceSince almost one century, coins circulation is used by historians as indicator of people networking through time and space. The introduction of a single currency, the euro, in 12 European countries on January 1st, 2002 offers the possibility of redrawing the paths of international mobility. Matching the analysis of the monetary distributions to study European mobilities requires formalizing precisely the concept and the particular effect of the various factors determining the intensity, the diversity and the extent of the international circulations. A modelling of the internationalization according to those various indicators has been conducted from the observation of the contents of 20,000 purses in metropolitan France between June, 2002 and December, 2011. Results allow to connect certain characteristics of territories and individuals with particular motives for the European mobility.Depuis près d’un siècle, la circulation monétaire est utilisée par les historiens comme un indicateur de la mise en relation des hommes à travers le temps et l’espace. La mise en circulation d’une monnaie unique, l’euro, dans 12 pays européens au 1er janvier 2002 offre la possibilité de retracer les chemins de la mobilité internationale au sein de cet espace. Relier l’analyse des répartitions monétaires avec l’étude des vecteurs de la mobilité européenne nécessite de formaliser de façon précise ce concept au moyen d’indicateurs déterminant l’intensité, la diversité et la portée des relations internationales. Une modélisation de l’internationalisation selon ces différents indicateurs a été réalisée à partir de l’observation du contenu de plus de 20 000 porte-monnaie en France métropolitaine, entre juin 2002 et décembre 2011. Les résultats permettent de relier certaines caractéristiques des territoires et des individus à des motifs particuliers de la mobilité européenne

The provision of urban green space and its accessibility: Spatial data effects in Brussels

Urban green space (UGS) has many environmental and social benefits. UGS provision and access are increasingly considered in urban policies and must rely on data and indicators that can capture variations in the distribution of UGS within cities. There is no consensus about how UGS, and their provision and access, must be defined from different land use data types. Here we identify four spatial dimensions of UGS and critically examine how different data sources affect these dimensions and our understanding of their variation within a city region (Brussels). We compare UGS indicators measured from an imagery source (NDVI from Landsat), an official cadastre-based map, and the voluntary geographical information provided by OpenStreetMap (OSM). We compare aggregate values of provision and access to UGS as well as their spatial distribution along a centrality gradient and at neighbourhood scale. We find that there are strong differences in the value of indicators when using the different datasets, especially due to their ability to capture private and public green space. However we find that the interpretation of intra-urban spatial variations is not affected by changes in data source. Centrality in particular is a strong determinant of the relative values of UGS availability, fragmentation and accessibility, irrespective of datasets

Discrete Path Planing Strategies for Coverage and Multi-Robot Rendezvous

This thesis addresses the problem of motion planning for autonomous robots, given a map and an estimate of the robot pose within it. The motion planning problem for a mobile robot can be defined as computing a trajectory in an environment from one pose to another while avoiding obstacles and optimizing some objective such as path length or travel time, subject to constraints like vehicle dynamics limitations. More complex planning problems such as multi-robot planning or complete coverage of an area can also be defined within a similar optimization structure. The computational complexity of path planning presents a considerable challenge for real-time execution with limited resources and various methods of simplifying the problem formulation by discretizing the solution space are grouped under the class of discrete planning methods. The approach suggests representing the environment as a roadmap graph and formulating shortest path problems to compute optimal robot trajectories on it. This thesis presents two main contributions under the framework of discrete planning. The first contribution addresses complete coverage of an unknown environment by a single omnidirectional ground rover. The 2D occupancy grid map of the environment is first converted into a polygonal representation and decomposed into a set of convex sectors. Second, a coverage path is computed through the sectors using a hierarchical inter-sector and intra-sector optimization structure. It should be noted that both convex decomposition and optimal sector ordering are known NP-hard problems, which are solved using a greedy cut approximation algorithm and Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) heuristics, respectively. The second contribution presents multi-robot path-planning strategies for recharging autonomous robots performing a persistent task. The work considers the case of surveillance missions performed by a team of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The goal is to plan minimum cost paths for a separate team of dedicated charging robots such that they rendezvous with and recharge all the UAVs as needed. To this end, planar UAV trajectories are discretized into sets of charging locations and a partitioned directed acyclic graph subject to timing constraints is defined over them. Solutions consist of paths through the graph for each of the charging robots. The rendezvous planning problem for a single recharge cycle is formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP), and an algorithmic approach, using a transformation to the TSP, is presented as a scalable heuristic alternative to the MILP. The solution is then extended to longer planning horizons using both a receding horizon and an optimal fixed horizon strategy. Simulation results are presented for both contributions, which demonstrate solution quality and performance of the presented algorithms

Territoire, territorialité et territorialisation des événements médiatiques

National audienceMedia events are an area of major concern for the science of territory, with a combination of empirical, methodological and theoretical fields of research. This paper presents three variations of increasing complexity around the questions of the application of the concepts of “territory”, “territoriality” and “territorialisation” to the description of media events. Each variation is illustrated by recent results from the research project ANR Geomedia on a corpus of international RSS flows produced by newspapers of French, English and Spanish language located in various countries of the world.Les événements médiatiques constituent un objet de recherche empirique, méthodologique et théorique d’un grand intérêt pour la création d’une science des territoires. Cette communication propose trois variations de complexité croissante autour de l’application possible des notions de « territoire », « territorialité » et « territorialisation » à la description des événements médiatiques. Chacune de ces variations est illustrée par des résultats de recherche récents du projet ANR Géomédia, sur la base d’un corpus de flux RSS internationaux de journaux de langues française, anglaise et espagnole localisés dans différents pays du monde

International circulations in Europe at the beginning of the XXIst century. From the study of Euro coins spatial distribution to the modelling of a complex system.

Over the last century, the circulation of money has been used by historians as an indicator of the relationships between people across space and time. The introduction of a single currency, the euro, on January 1, 2002 in 12 European countries offers the opportunity to trace the paths of international mobility in that part of the world. This thesis aims to provide an account of the relations - specific and banal - established between European territories from the analyses of the complex shapes formed by the monetary distribution. The approach is based on the design of a conceptual model formalising the internationalisation of flows exchanged between places in a specified time period. The intensity, diversity and scope of monetary circulation are then matched to diverse forms of international mobility through empirical modelling. This hypothetico-deductive approach is based on the study of more than 20,000 money-bags surveyed in France between June 2002 and December 2011. A case study on Luxembourg allows for observing these traces of international mobility at a finer spatial scale. These analyses reveal a series of factors influencing the spread of foreign coins that fall into three categories: spatio-temporal, territorial and social effects. Finally, an individual-based simulation model is built to study the possible interactions between the different factors in a dynamic and multilevel framework. The thesis concludes that the analysis of money circulation is an accurate way to understand, analyse and differentiate the patterns of international mobility in Europe at different scales

Exploration spatio-temporelle d’objets géographiques ponctuels: Un exemple appliqué à la base de données Mérimée

International audienceCette fiche rend compte d’une série de traitements permettant d’explorer la base de données MERIMEE qui consigne l’ensemble des bâtiments classés aux monuments historiques. Nous prenons l’exemple des fiches “Mérimée” du patrimoine architectural toulousain disponibles sur le site data.gouv.fr

Les circulations internationales en Europe au XXIème siècle. De l'étude des répartitions monétaires à la modélisation d'un système complexe.

The research benefits from funding of the Fonds National de la Recherche (FNR) in Luxembourg (AFR grant PHD-09-158).Over the last century, the circulation of money has been used by historians as an indicator of the relationships between people across space and time. The introduction of a single currency, the euro, on January 1, 2002 in 12 European countries offers the opportunity to trace the paths of international mobility in that part of the world. This thesis aims to provide an account of the relations - specific and banal - established between European territories from the analyses of the complex shapes formed by the monetary distribution. The approach is based on the design of a conceptual model formalising the internationalisation of flows exchanged between places in a specified time period. The intensity, diversity and scope of monetary circulation are then matched to diverse forms of international mobility through empirical modelling. This hypothetico-deductive approach is based on the study of more than 20,000 money-bags surveyed in France between June 2002 and December 2011. A case study on Luxembourg allows for observing these traces of international mobility at a finer spatial scale. These analyses reveal a series of factors influencing the spread of foreign coins that fall into three categories: spatio-temporal, territorial and social effects. Finally, an individual-based simulation model is built to study the possible interactions between the different factors in a dynamic and multilevel framework. The thesis concludes that the analysis of money circulation is an accurate way to understand, analyse and differentiate the patterns of international mobility in Europe at different scales.Depuis près d'un siècle, la circulation monétaire est utilisée par les historiens comme un indicateur de la mise en relation des hommes à travers l'espace et le temps. L'entrée en circulation d'une monnaie unique, l'euro, dans 12 pays européens au 1er janvier 2002 offre la possibilité de retracer les chemins de la mobilité internationale au sein de cet espace. Cette thèse propose de rendre compte des relations banales et spécifiques nouées entre territoires européens à partir de l'analyse des traces complexes formées par la répartition monétaire. La démarche prend appui sur la définition d'un modèle conceptuel permettant de formaliser de façon précise l'internationalisation des flux échangés entre un couple de lieux en un temps donné. Par le biais d'une modélisation empirique, elle met ensuite en correspondance l'intensité, la diversité et la portée de la circulation monétaire d'une part, et les formes de mobilités internationales de l'autre. L'approche hypothético-déductive mise en œuvre se fonde sur l'étude du contenu de plus de 20 000 porte-monnaie enquêtés en France entre juin 2002 et décembre 2011. Une étude de cas sur le Luxembourg permet d'observer ces traces de la mobilité internationale à une échelle spatiale fine. Ces analyses mettent en évidence des facteurs mécaniques de la diffusion des pièces étrangères, ainsi qu'une série d'effets spatiaux, territoriaux et sociaux. Ces derniers sont ensuite intégrés à un modèle de simulation individu-centrée. Cette dernière étape d'analyse permet de tester les interactions possibles entre les différents facteurs de mobilité des pièces au sein d'un formalisme dynamique et multiniveau. La thèse conclut à l'opérabilité de l'analyse de la circulation monétaire pour appréhender, analyser et différencier les chemins et motifs de la mobilité internationale en Europe à différentes échelles

4e SESSION : Analyse de données spatio-temporelles

La séance aura lieu le vendredi 6 février de 14h à 16h à Paris 7, site Olympe de Gouges. salle 204 et sera animée par Hélène Mathian (UMR 5600 Environnement, Ville et Société, ENS Lyon), assistée de Marion Le Texier (Institut Universitaire Européen de Florence). Le thème est l'analyse des données spatio-temporelles : "Etudier des phénomènes inscrits dans le temps et dans l’espace. Intégrant une réflexion sur les données à mobiliser et les indicateurs à constituer, il s’agira d’exploiter les ..