Area-level poverty and preterm birth risk: A population-based multilevel analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Preterm birth is a complex disease with etiologic influences from a variety of social, environmental, hormonal, genetic, and other factors. The purpose of this study was to utilize a large population-based birth registry to estimate the independent effect of county-level poverty on preterm birth risk. To accomplish this, we used a multilevel logistic regression approach to account for multiple co-existent individual-level variables and county-level poverty rate.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Population-based study utilizing Missouri's birth certificate database (1989–1997). We conducted a multilevel logistic regression analysis to estimate the effect of county-level poverty on PTB risk. Of 634,994 births nested within 115 counties in Missouri, two levels were considered. Individual-level variables included demographics factors, prenatal care, health-related behavioral risk factors, and medical risk factors. The area-level variable included the percentage of the population within each county living below the poverty line (US census data, 1990). Counties were divided into quartiles of poverty; the first quartile (lowest rate of poverty) was the reference group.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>PTB < 35 weeks occurred in 24,490 pregnancies (3.9%). The rate of PTB < 35 weeks was 2.8% in counties within the lowest quartile of poverty and increased through the 4^thquartile (4.9%), p < 0.0001. High county-level poverty was significantly associated with PTB risk. PTB risk (< 35 weeks) was increased for women who resided in counties within the highest quartile of poverty, adjusted odds ratio (_adjOR) 1.18 (95% CI 1.03, 1.35), with a similar effect at earlier gestational ages (< 32 weeks), _adjOR 1.27 (95% CI 1.06, 1.52).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Women residing in socioeconomically deprived areas are at increased risk of preterm birth, above other underlying risk factors. Although the risk increase is modest, it affects a large number of pregnancies.</p

National rare diseases registry in Spain: pilot study of the Spanish Rare Diseases Registries Research Network (SpainRDR)

Supplement 7th European Conference on Rare Diseases and Orphan Products (ERCD 2014)Background The development of a national Rare Diseases (RD) registry in Spain was launched in 2012 with the project SpainRDR, supported by the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC). SpainRDR includes two different strategies: patient registries addressed to patient outcome research and population-based registries addressed to epidemiologic research, health and social planning [1]. The pilot study aims to detect the difficulties of developing the national and population-based RD registry

Theoretical Study on Ionic Surfactants that Participate in Electrochemical Adsorption Processes

Abstract not Available.</jats:p

Electrochemical Characterization of a 2-Hydroxypropyl b-Cyclodextrin Membrane with Tenoxicam

The electrochemical characterization of an nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug named Tenoxicam was performed with a carbon paste electrode modified with 2-hydroxypropyl b-cyclodextrin, that led to observing a single oxidation peak for the different Tenoxicam species without reduction processes, which involved an adsorption process as responsible for the formation of the single, fine oxidation peak.</jats:p

Electrochemical Characterization of a 2-Hydroxypropyl b-Cyclodextrin Membrane with Tenoxicam

The electrochemical characterization of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug named Tenoxicam was performed with a carbon paste electrode modified with 2-hydroxypropyl b-cyclodextrin. It produced a single oxidation peak for the different Tenoxicam species without reduction processes and involved an adsorption process as responsible for the formation of the single, fine oxidation peak.</jats:p

Electrochemical Oxidation of 4-Chlorophenol over a Lamellar Double Znal Hydroxides-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

A study is presented on the electrochemical oxidation of 4 chlorophenol (4cp), dissolved in water, using a bare carbon paste electrode, EPC, and another that was modified with lamellar double ZnAl hydroxides (EPC/ZnAl-LDH). The electro-oxidation was effected within the 3-11 pH interval. It was found through cyclic voltammetry that this process was irreversible, namely, there were no reduction peaks, and that depending on the nature of the electrode, the rate limiting steps were: adsorption (EPC) and diffusion (EPC/ZnAl-LDH). The energy required and the oxidation reaction rate depended on the pH and on the nature of the electrode, such that the greater rates were obtained when the EPC/ZnAl-LDH electrode and acid pHs were used.</jats:p

Tenoxicam’s Electro-Analytical Determination with a b-Cyclodextrin Modified-Electrode

An electrochemical study is presented of the analytical determination of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug called tenoxicam. In this study the detection, quantification limit and sensibility obtained with different electrochemical techniques are presented, using a carbon paste electrode as working electrode, as well as the results obtained for the same study carried out with a b-cyclodetrin polymer-modified carbon paste electrode, which gave better analytic parameters for the determination, basically due to drug adsorption into the membrane of this electrode.</jats:p