Caracterización de los Esquemas Maladaptativos Tempranos ETD`S y las estrategias de afrontamiento de los grumetes regulares de primer año GTE1 de la Escuela Naval de Suboficiales ENSB. ARC “Barranquilla”

PsicologíaThis work was intended to strengthen the process of military training seamen recruit pettyofficers Navy School ARC "Barranquilla", through the characterization of early maladaptive schemas of personality and coping strategies in students entering as regular seamen recruit first year in this military institution, with the intention of determining factors of prevalence in this population, in the search for risk factors that may be considered to prevent mood disorders and provide an empirical basis for these variables taken into account at the time of incorporation. The study was conducted on a sample of 114 census Regular seamen recruits belonging to the same naval training course. This study was framed in the analytical empirical paradigm, the theoretical approach is synthetic, and analytical cross temporality and prevalent type, data were collected from three instruments: a form of socio demographic author details, Inventory of Coping Strategies (CSI) Tobin, Holroyd, Reynolds and Kigal (1989). Adapted by Cano Rodriguez and Garcia (2006) and Young, Schemacuestionnaire - SecondEdition, YSQ-2: validated by Castrillón Colombia, Chavez, Ferrer, Londoño, Maestre, Marin and Schnitter (2005). The results show a central agglomerated population trends, standards specific to the processes of incorporation of the Armed Forces parameters. In theoretical terms, no trends or results demonstrating prevalence in some of the variables associated with this study were presented.Este trabajo tuvo la intención de fortalecer el proceso de formación Naval militar de los Grumetes de la Escuela Naval de Suboficiales ARC “Barranquilla” a través de la caracterización de los esquemas mal adaptativos tempranos de personalidad y estrategias de afrontamiento en los alumnos que ingresan como Grumetes Regulares de primer año en este institución militar, con la intención de determinar factores de prevalencia en esta población, en la búsqueda de factores de riesgo que pueden ser considerados para prevenir trastornos del estado de ánimo y constituir una base empírica de estas variables tenidas en cuenta al momento de la incorporación. El estudio se realizó en una muestra censo de 114 Grumetes Regulares pertenecientes a un mismo curso de formación naval militar. Este estudio se realizó enmarcado en el paradigma empírico analítico, su abordaje teórico es analítico sintético, de temporalidad trasversal y de tipo prevalente, los datos se recogieron a partir de tres instrumentos: una ficha de datos socio demográficos del autor, Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (CSI) Tobin, Holroyd, Reinolds y Kigal (1989). Adaptado por Cano Rodríguez y García, (2006) y el Young,Schemacuestionnaire - SecondEdition, YSQ-2: validado para Colombia por Castrillón, Chávez, Ferrer, Londoño, Maestre, Marín y Schnitter(2005). Los resultados muestran unas tendencias centrales que aglomeran la población en parámetros estándares, propios de los procesos de incorporación de las Fuerzas Militares. Y en términos teóricos, no se presentaron resultados que demuestren tendencias o prevalencias en algunas de las variables asociadas a este estudi

Multidimensional scale for affective disorders-MSAD: Analysis from the classic tests theory and the item response theory

This research responds to one phase of the process for the design and standarization of the MSAD Multidimentional Scale of Affective Disorders -EMTA in Spanish-, whose purpose was to analyze MSAD, from the Classical Test Theory (CTT) and the Item Response Theory (TRI), from a sample of 384 students enrolled to three universities in Barranquilla, aged between 17 and 26 years. This is considered an instrumental study, due to its purpose. The data were collected through he administration of three instruments: Scale Multidimensional Affective Disorder, The Beck Depression Inventory (α= .791) and the self-administered Altman Scale (α= .566). Finally, results were reported as adjusted to the parameters of both models. Analysis from the TCT showed high Cronbach alpha indexes for both subscales (α= .942 for the Depression Subscale and α = .864 for the Subscale Mania), as well as high internal item-scale correlations above .3 for all items. Since the TRI, reliability in the case of Depression .88 (individuals) and .99 (items) were reported, while rates regarding Mania were .84 (persons) and .87 (items). Results retained an increasing monotonic confguration; thus the principle of invariance in measuring the latent trait is corroborated.La presente investigación responde a una de las fases del proceso de diseño y estandarización de la Escala Multidimensional de Trastornos Afectivos (EMTA), cuyo propósito fue su análisis desde la Teoría Clásica de los Test (TCT) y la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI) a partir de una muestra de 384 estudiantes vinculados a tres instituciones de educación superior de Barranquilla, cuyas edades oscilaron entre los 17 y los 26 años de edad. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de la administración de tres instrumentos: la Escala Multidimensional de Trastornos Afectivos, el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (a= .791) y la Escala Autoaplicada de Altman (a= .566). Se reportaron resultados ajustados a los parámetros de ambos modelos. En el análisis desde la TCT, se evidenciaro

Escala multidimensional de trastornos afectivos-emta: Análisis desde la teoría clásica de los test y la teoría de respuesta al item

This research responds to one phase of the process for the design and standarization of the MSAD Multidimentional Scale of Affective Disorders -EMTA in Spanish-, whose purpose was to analyze MSAD, from the Classical Test Theory (CTT) and the Item Response Theory (TRI), from a sample of 384 students enrolled to three universities in Barranquilla, aged between 17 and 26 years. This is considered an instrumental study, due to its purpose. The data were collected through he administration of three instruments: Scale Multidimensional Affective Disorder, The Beck Depression Inventory (α= .791) and the self-administered Altman Scale (α= .566). Finally, results were reported as adjusted to the parameters of both models. Analysis from the TCT showed high Cronbach alpha indexes for both subscales (α= .942 for the Depression Subscale and α = .864 for the Subscale Mania), as well as high internal item-scale correlations above .3 for all items. Since the TRI, reliability in the case of Depression .88 (individuals) and .99 (items) were reported, while rates regarding Mania were .84 (persons) and .87 (items). Results retained an increasing monotonic confguration; thus the principle of invariance in measuring the latent trait is corroborated.La presente investigación responde a una de las fases del proceso de diseño y estandarización de la Escala Multidimensional de Trastornos Afectivos (EMTA), cuyo propósito fue su análisis desde la Teoría Clásica de los Test (TCT) y la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI) a partir de una muestra de 384 estudiantes vinculados a tres instituciones de educación superior de Barranquilla, cuyas edades oscilaron entre los 17 y los 26 años de edad. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de la administración de tres instrumentos: la Escala Multidimensional de Trastornos Afectivos, el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (a= .791) y la Escala Autoaplicada de Altman (a= .566). Se reportaron resultados ajustados a los parámetros de ambos modelos. En el análisis desde la TCT, se evidenciaro

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field