Nutritional impact on brain function: Food for thought, emotions and wellbeing

The rate of cognitive and emotional dysfunction is increasing in the modern society, therefore nutritional impact on the brain functioning is receiving higher attention in science and practice. In order to summarize the latest scientific knowledge concerning nutritional impact on the nervous system and particularly on the brain functioning we performed literature search and analysis. Increasing number of scientific data show that macronutrients and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) affect multiple brain processes through control of diverse mechanisms as: synaptic transmission, neurotransmitter pathways, signal-transduction pathways, membrane fluidity, epigenetic changes, etc. Impact of specific macronutrients and micronutrients in brain functioning and their food source is presented in details. We believe that these data might be of interest to wide spectrum of professionals as: physicians, nutritionists, psychologists, neuroscientists etc

Nutritional impact on brain function: Food for thought, emotions and wellbeing

The rate of cognitive and emotional dysfunction is increasing in the modern society, therefore nutritional impact on the brain functioning is receiving higher attention in science and practice. In order to summarize the latest scientific knowledge concerning nutritional impact on the nervous system and particularly on the brain functioning we performed literature search and analysis. Increasing number of scientific data show that macronutrients and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) affect multiple brain processes through control of diverse mechanisms as: synaptic transmission, neurotransmitter pathways, signal-transduction pathways, membrane fluidity, epigenetic changes, etc. Impact of specific macronutrients and micronutrients in brain functioning and their food source is presented in details. We believe that these data might be of interest to wide spectrum of professionals as: physicians, nutritionists, psychologists, neuroscientists etc

Nutritional impact on brain function: Food for thought, emotions and wellbeing

The rate of cognitive and emotional dysfunction is increasing in the modern society, therefore nutritional impact on the brain functioning is receiving higher attention in science and practice. In order to summarize the latest scientific knowledge concerning nutritional impact on the nervous system and particularly on the brain functioning we performed literature search and analysis. Increasing number of scientific data show that macronutrients and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) affect multiple brain processes through control of diverse mechanisms as: synaptic transmission, neurotransmitter pathways, signal-transduction pathways, membrane fluidity, epigenetic changes, etc. Impact of specific macronutrients and micronutrients in brain functioning and their food source is presented in details. We believe that these data might be of interest to wide spectrum of professionals as: physicians, nutritionists, psychologists, neuroscientists etc

Nutritional impact on brain function: Food for thought, emotions and wellbeing

The rate of cognitive and emotional dysfunction is increasing in the modern society, therefore nutritional impact on the brain functioning is receiving higher attention in science and practice. In order to summarize the latest scientific knowledge concerning nutritional impact on the nervous system and particularly on the brain functioning we performed literature search and analysis. Increasing number of scientific data show that macronutrients and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) affect multiple brain processes through control of diverse mechanisms as: synaptic transmission, neurotransmitter pathways, signal-transduction pathways, membrane fluidity, epigenetic changes, etc. Impact of specific macronutrients and micronutrients in brain functioning and their food source is presented in details. We believe that these data might be of interest to wide spectrum of professionals as: physicians, nutritionists, psychologists, neuroscientists etc

Потенцијална примена генетски модификованих организама у заштити животне средине

Oд свог утемељења у седамдесетим годинама двадесетог века до данас, технологија генетичког инжењерства отворила је широк низ примена пре свега у науци, производњи лекова, медицини и производњи хране. Употреба генетски модификованих организама у овим делатностима једно је од најактуелнијих питања данашњице на које тек треба да се дефинишу одговори. Од свих актуелних тема из ове области најмање је пажње посвећено потенцијалној примени генетски модификованих организама у заштити животне средине. Узевши у обзир да је питање заштите животне средине једно од најактуелнијих питања данашњице, у овом раду презентовали смо поједине примере употребе генетски модификованих микроорганизама, генетски модификованих биљака и генетски модификованих животиња као потенцијалних решења овог горућег проблема. С обзиром да се у јавности последњих неколико година воде оштре полемике око даље примене технологије генетичког инжењерства, јасно је да смо далеко од коначне одлуке. Евидентно је да нас у даљим корацима мора водити опрез и анализа постојећих и будућих научних истраживања на тему безбедности ове технологије

Потенцијална примена генетски модификованих организама у заштити животне средине

Oд свог утемељења у седамдесетим годинама двадесетог века до данас, технологија генетичког инжењерства отворила је широк низ примена пре свега у науци, производњи лекова, медицини и производњи хране. Употреба генетски модификованих организама у овим делатностима једно је од најактуелнијих питања данашњице на које тек треба да се дефинишу одговори. Од свих актуелних тема из ове области најмање је пажње посвећено потенцијалној примени генетски модификованих организама у заштити животне средине. Узевши у обзир да је питање заштите животне средине једно од најактуелнијих питања данашњице, у овом раду презентовали смо поједине примере употребе генетски модификованих микроорганизама, генетски модификованих биљака и генетски модификованих животиња као потенцијалних решења овог горућег проблема. С обзиром да се у јавности последњих неколико година воде оштре полемике око даље примене технологије генетичког инжењерства, јасно је да смо далеко од коначне одлуке. Евидентно је да нас у даљим корацима мора водити опрез и анализа постојећих и будућих научних истраживања на тему безбедности ове технологије

B Cell–specific Transgenic Expression of Bcl2 Rescues Early B Lymphopoiesis but Not B Cell Responses in BOB.1/OBF.1-deficient Mice

Mice deficient for the transcriptional coactivator BOB.1/OBF.1 show several defects in B cell differentiation. Numbers of immature transitional B cells in the bone marrow are reduced and fewer B cells reach the periphery. Furthermore, germinal center B cells are absent and marginal zone (MZ) B lymphocytes are markedly reduced. Increased levels of B cell apoptosis in these mice prompted us to analyze expression and function of antiapoptotic proteins. Bcl2 expression is strongly reduced in BOB.1/OBF.1-deficient pre–B cells. When BOB.1/OBF.1-deficient mice were crossed with Bcl2-transgenic mice, B cell development in the bone marrow and numbers of B cells in peripheral lymphoid organs were normalized. However, neither germinal center B cells nor MZ B cells were rescued. Additionally, Bcl2 did not rescue the defects in signaling and affinity maturation found in BOB.1/OBF.1-deficient mice. Interestingly, Bcl2-transgenic mice by themselves show an MZ B cell defect. Virtually no functional MZ B cells were detected in these mice. In contrast, mice deficient for Bcl2 show a relative increase in MZ B cell numbers, indicating a previously undetected function of Bcl2 for this B cell compartment

Anatomic and MRI bases for pontine infarctions with patients presentation

Objectives: There are scarce data regarding pontine arteries anatomy, which is the basis for ischemic lesions following their occlusion. The aim of this study was to examine pontine vasculature and its relationships with the radiologic and neuro-logic features of pontine infarctions. Materials and methods: Branches of eight basilar arteries and their twigs, including the larger intrapontine branches, were microdis-sected following an injection of a 10% mixture of India ink and gelatin. Two addi-tional brain stems were prepared for microscopic examination after being stained with luxol fast blue and cresyl violet. Finally, 30 patients with pontine infarctions underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to determine the position and size of the infarctions. Results: The perforating arteries, which averaged 5.8 in number and 0.39 mm in diameter, gave rise to paramedian and anteromedial branches, and also to anterolateral twigs (62.5%). The longer leptomeningeal and cere-bellar arteries occasionally gave off perforating and anterolateral twigs, and either the lateral or posterior branches. Occlusion of some of these vessels resulted in the para-median (30%), anterolateral (26.7%), lateral (20%), and combined infarctions (23.3%), which were most often isolated and unilateral, and rarely bilateral (10%). They were located in the lower pons (23.3%), middle (10%) or rostral (26.7%), or in two or three portions (40%). Each type of infarction usually produced characteristic neurologic signs. The clinical significance of the anatomic findings was discussed. Conclusions: There was a good correlation between the intrapontine vascular territories, the position, size and shape of the infarctions, and the type of neurologic manifestations. (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)Peer reviewe

Anatomic and MRI bases for medullary infarctions with patients' presentation

Objective: There is a low incidence of the medullary infarctions and sparse data about the vascular territories, as well as a correlation among the anatomic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurologic signs. Materials and methods: Arteries of the 10 right and left sides of the brain stem were injected with India ink, fixed in formalin and microdissected. The enrolled 34 patients with medullary infarctions underwent a neurologic, MRI and Doppler examination. Results: Four types of the infarctions were distinguished according to the involved vascular territories. The isolated medial medullary infarctions (MMIs) were present in 14.7%. The complete MMIs comprised one bilateral infarction (2.9%), whilst the incomplete and partial MMIs were observed in 5.9% and 8.9%, respectively. The anterolateral infarctions (ALMIs) were very rare (2.9%). The complete and incomplete lateral infarctions (LMIs), noted in 35.3%, comprised 11.8% and 23.6%, respectively, that is, the anterior (5.9%), posterior (8.9%), deep (2.9%), and peripheral (5.9%). Dorsal ischemic lesions (DMIs) occurred in 11.8%, either as a complete (2.9%), or isolated lateral (5.9%) or medial infarctions (2.9%). The remaining ischemic regions belonged to various combined infarctions of the MMI, ALMI, LMI and DMI (35.3%). The infarctions most often affected the upper medulla (47.1%), middle (11.8%), or both (29.5%). Several motor and sensory signs were manifested following infarctions, including vestibular, cerebellar, ocular, sympathetic, respiratory and auditory symptoms. Conclusions: There was a good correlation among the vascular territories, MRI ischemia features, and neurologic findings regarding the medullary infarctions.Peer reviewe