Perfil epidemiológico e sociodemográfico de pacientes diabéticos de 3 unidades básicas de saúde do município de Coari-AM / Epidemiological and socio-demographic profile of diabetic patients of 3 basic health units of city Coari-AM

Introdução: O Diabetes Mellitus é um distúrbio metabólico de caráter crônico e não transmissível, caracterizado pela hiperglicemia plasmática, decorrente da secreção deficiente ou resistência à ação da insulina sobre os tecidos. De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), nas últimas décadas, houve um aumento significativo da prevalência do Diabetes em todo o mundo. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico e sociodemográfico de pacientes diagnosticados com diabetes (tipo 1 e 2) em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do município de Coari-AM. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico transversal de amostragem não-probabilística, realizado em três Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Coari-Amazonas. Todos os casos de Diabetes Mellitus (tipo 1 e 2) apresentaram em seu prontuário, o diagnóstico da doença registrados e atendidos nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde selecionadas. Foi aplicado questionário para obtenção de dados (idade, sexo, renda, escolaridade, tempo de diagnóstico, medicamentos para tratamento e prática de exercício físico). Resultados: O estudo revelou que dentre os indivíduos avaliados (92 pacientes), 85,0% foram diagnosticados com  DM-tipo 2 , com predominância do sexo feminino (58,7%), apresentando faixa etária entre 51 a 60 anos (32,6%), com baixos níveis de escolaridade (84,7%) e renda (75%). Conclusão: A população de diabéticos analisada é composta majoritariamente por adultos de meia-idade, portadores de Diabetes mellitus-tipo 2, apresentando baixa renda e baixa escolaridade. Cabe ressaltar, que os dados apresentados nesse estudo poderão subsidiar o planejamento estratégico de ações direcionadas para a promoção de cuidados terapêuticos para os diabéticos e preventivas para a população geral de Coari

Manual de Orientações sobre nutrição e saúde na pandemia de Covid-19

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Evidence for Quercetin as a Dietary Supplement for the Treatment of Cardio-Metabolic Diseases in Pregnancy: A Review in Rodent Models

Quercetin supplementation during pregnancy and lactation has been linked to a lower risk of maternal cardio-metabolic disorders such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), dyslipidemia, preeclampsia, attenuation of malnutrition-related conditions, and gestational obesity in animal studies. Pre-clinical studies have shown that maternal supplementation with quercetin reduces cardio-metabolic diseases in dams and rodents’ offspring, emphasizing its role in modifying phenotypic plasticity. In this sense, it could be inferred that quercetin administration during pregnancy and lactation is a viable strategy for changing cardio-metabolic parameters throughout life. Epigenetic mechanisms affecting the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3 K) pathways could be associated with these changes. To highlight these discoveries, this review outlines the understanding from animal studies investigations about quercetin supplementation and its capacity to prevent or decrease maternal and offspring cardio-metabolic illnesses and associated comorbidities

New Insights on Dietary Polyphenols for the Management of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a neurodegenerative and vascular pathology that is considered one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, resulting from complications of advanced diabetes mellitus (DM). Current therapies consist of protocols aiming to alleviate the existing clinical signs associated with microvascular alterations limited to the advanced disease stages. In response to the low resolution and limitations of the DR treatment, there is an urgent need to develop more effective alternative therapies to optimize glycemic, vascular, and neuronal parameters, including the reduction in the cellular damage promoted by inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent evidence has shown that dietary polyphenols reduce oxidative and inflammatory parameters of various diseases by modulating multiple cell signaling pathways and gene expression, contributing to the improvement of several chronic diseases, including metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, despite the growing evidence for the bioactivities of phenolic compounds, there is still a lack of data, especially from human studies, on the therapeutic potential of these substances. This review aims to comprehensively describe and clarify the effects of dietary phenolic compounds on the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in DR, especially those of oxidative and inflammatory nature, through evidence from experimental studies. Finally, the review highlights the potential of dietary phenolic compounds as a prophylactic and therapeutic strategy and the need for further clinical studies approaching the efficacy of these substances in DR management

The influence of dehydroepiandrosterone on effector functions of neutrophils

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, gonads and brain. It is a precursor to sex hormones and also is known to have immune modulatory activity. However, little is known about the relationship between DHEA and neutrophils and thus our study evaluates the influence of DHEA in the effector functions of neutrophils. Human neutrophils were treated in vitro with DHEA and further infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The treatment of neutrophils with 0.01 μM of DHEA increased the phagocytosis of Salmonella independent of TLR4 as the treatment did not modulate the TLR4 expression. Additionally, DHEA caused a decrease in ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and did not influence the formation of the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET). Steroid treated neutrophils, infected or stimulated with LPS (lipopolysaccharide), showed reduced production of IL-8, compared to untreated cells. Also, the protein levels of p-NFκB were decreased in neutrophils treated with DHEA, and this reduction could explain the reduced levels of IL-8. These results led us to conclude that the steroid hormone DHEA has important modulatory functions in neutrophils

Maternal protein restriction increases respiratory and sympathetic activities and sensitizes peripheral chemoreflex in male rat offspring

Background: Maternal protein restriction in rats increases the risk of adult offspring arterial hypertension through unknown mechanisms. Objectives: The aims of the study were to evaluate the effects of a low-protein (LP) diet during pregnancy and lactation on baseline sympathetic and respiratory activities and peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity in the rat offspring. Methods: Wistar rat dams were fed a control [normal-protein (NP); 17% protein] or an LP (8% protein) diet during pregnancy and lactation, and their male offspring were studied at 30 d of age. Direct measurements of baseline arterial blood pressure (ABP), heart rate (HR), and respiratory frequency (Rf) as well as peripheral chemoreflex activation (potassium cyanide: 0.04%) were recorded in pups while they were awake. In addition, recordings of the phrenic nerve (PN) and thoracic sympathetic nerve (tSN) activities were obtained from the in situ preparations. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression was also evaluated in carotid bifurcation through a Western blotting assay. Results: At 30 d of age, unanesthetized LP rats exhibited enhanced resting Rf (P = 0.001) and similar ABP and HR compared with the NP rats. Despite their similar baseline ABP values, LP rats exhibited augmented low-frequency variability (∼91%; P = 0.01). In addition, the unanesthetized LP rats showed enhanced pressor (P = 0.01) and tachypnoeic (P = 0.03) responses to peripheral chemoreflex activation. The LP rats displayed elevated baseline tSN activity (∼86%; P = 0.02) and PN burst frequency (45%; P = 0.01) and amplitude (53%; P = 0.001) as well as augmented sympathetic (P = 0.01) and phrenic (P = 0.04) excitatory responses to peripheral chemoreflex activation compared with the NP group. Furthermore, LP rats showed an increase of ∼100% in HIF-1α protein density in carotid bifurcation compared with NP rats. Conclusion: Sympathetic-respiratory overactivity and amplified peripheral chemoreceptor responses, potentially through HIF-1α–dependent mechanisms, precede the onset of hypertension in juvenile rats exposed to protein undernutrition during gestation and lactation.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP