Love in Contemporary French Children’s Poetry: Between Lyrical Effusion and Argotic Playfulness

The theme of love occupies an important place in contemporary French children’s poetry, being present in very different aspects. The best represented one is love between parents and children. Affective vocabulary, diminutives and childish language indicate a strong emotional interaction between mother and child; tropes (metaphors, personifications etc.) express different facets of love. Poets are sometimes inspired by traditional French lullabies. Full of love, poems teach little readers to appreciate their family, their friends, their homeland, nature, animals, and life. Lyricism, however, does not exclude humour and playfulness. Children love to play and to fool around, and to evoke their mischievous behaviour, poets often recur to slang and familiar vocabulary. The mixture of registers adds to the charm of the poems, whereas a wide range of expressive means reflects the diversity of emotions and feelings.Le thème de l’amour occupe une place importante dans la poésie française pour les enfants, en prenant des aspects très divers. L’amour qui lie parents et enfants est le mieux représenté. Les poètes transmettent cet amour à l’aide de moyens d’expression variés : un lexique affectif, des noms hypocoristiques, le langage enfantin ; les tropes (la métaphore, la personnification, etc.) permettent d’exprimer les différentes facettes de l’amour. Les poètes s’inspirent des berceuses françaises traditionnelles. Les poèmes apprennent aux petits lecteurs à choyer leur famille, leurs amis, leur pays natal, la nature, les animaux, la vie. Ce lyrisme n’exclut pas que la poésie pour les jeunes soit empreinte d’humour et d’espièglerie. Pour évoquer les actions des enfants indisciplinés, les poètes recourent à un lexique argotique et familier. Le mélange des registres ajoute au charme de ces poèmes. Les différents visages de l’amour font l’objet d’une riche gamme de moyens d’expression qui reflètent toute la diversité des émotions et des sentiments

Σ3 CSL boundary distributions in an austenitic stainless steel subjected to multidirectional forging followed by annealing

The effect of processing and annealing temperatures on the grain boundary characters in the ultrafine-grained structure of a 304-type austenitic stainless steel was studied. An S304H steel was subjected to multidirectional forging (MDF) at 500-800°C to total strains of ~4, followed by annealing at 800-1,000°C for 30 min. The MDF resulted in the formation of ultrafine-grained microstructures with mean grain sizes of 0.28-0.85 μm depending on the processing temperature. The annealing behaviour of the ultrafine-grained steel was characterized by the development of continuous post-dynamic recrystallization including a rapid recovery followed by a gradual grain growth. The post-dynamically recrystallized grain size depended on both the deformation temperature and the annealing temperature. The recrystallization kinetics was reduced with an increase in the temperature of the preceding deformatio

Содержание макро- и микроэлементов в волосах у детей с эпилептическими припадками, перенесшими перинатальную патологию центральной нервной системы. Клинико-лабораторные корреляции

Aim of research. Identify the features of the content of trace elements and minerals in hair in children with epileptic seizures that have undergone perinatal pathology of the central nervous system. To determine the specificity of elemental status in patients whose seizures could be stopped, and in patients resistant to pharmacotherapy.Methods. Twenty children with epileptic seizures underwent perinatal pathology of the central nervous system, aged from 3 months to 8 years (an average of 3.04±2.9 years) were controlled. Population is divided into two groups: I group (10 people) - children with epileptic seizures, managed to be stopped. Group II (10 people) - children with epileptic seizures, resistant to therapy. The control group consisted of 10 practically healthy children of the corresponding sex and age. The content of 25 chemical elements: Al, As, Be, Cd, Hg, Li, Ni. Pb, Sn, B, V, I, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Se, Si, Zn, μg / g was determined in hair by atomic-emission spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma and mass spectrometry.Results. The children with epileptic seizures showed a statistically significant increase in the content of Ca, Mg, Mn, Pb, a decrease in Sn concentration when comparing the content of elements in the group II and the control group (p <0.05). The increase in the concentration of the toxic element Pb in the group of seriously ill children with pharmacoresistant persisting epileptic seizures is 3.5 times higher than in the control group (p <0.05). The amount of Ca, Mg, Mn, Pb (ƿ from 0.42 to 0.67) in hair directly correlated (according to Spearman) with the severity of the condition and the propensity to resistance to therapy, in feedback - Sn (ƿ -0, 53). The largest number of direct average and strong links with the severity of clinical evidence and the character of structural changes in the brain was noted in Mg.Conclusions. The revealed changes in elemental status may indicate a possible pathogenetic mechanism in the development of clinical symptoms in the patients examined, the formation of pharmaco-resistance to therapy due to a disturbance of the metal-ligand homeostasis. More studies are needed to clarify the importance of the exchange of micro- and macroelements in the development of the diseaseЦелью работы являлось выявление особенностей содержания микро- и макроэлементов в волосах у детей с эпилептическими припадками, перенесших перинатальную патологию центральной нервной системы. По результатам исследования у детей с фармакорезистентными эпилептическими припадками выявлено статистически значимое по сравнению с контролем повышение содержания в волосах Ca, Mg, Mn, Pb, уменьшение концентрации Sn (p<0,05

Problems of Creating a Favorable Investment Climate in Russian Regions

The purpose of this paper is to identify the budget- and tax-related problems as may occasionally arise from the interaction of federal and sub-federal authorities hampering the growth of the investment attractiveness of regions, and to develop recommendations on their solution. To this end, a system of indicators and a typological scale have been developed to rank the Russian Federation subjects according to efforts of their regional authorities to build up local tax bases.  To provide conditions for “holding” an investor in the territory of a federal subject for a long-term period, it is suggested that the existing subsidy rules be supplemented with tax characteristics. The taxing powers of regions in providing territory-oriented tax incentives are analyzed. The weak points of the powers division that lead to distortion of the local tax competition are identified along with the proposal of measures towards their elimination. Keywords: Budgetary subsidies; tax incentives; favorable investment climate; tax competition. JEL Classifications: H2, O16, R4

Biodiversity of Mineral Nutrient and Trace Element Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

In order to grow on soils that vary widely in chemical composition, plants have evolved mechanisms for regulating the elemental composition of their tissues to balance the mineral nutrient and trace element bioavailability in the soil with the requirements of the plant for growth and development. The biodiversity that exists within a species can be utilized to investigate how regulatory mechanisms of individual elements interact and to identify genes important for these processes. We analyzed the elemental composition (ionome) of a set of 96 wild accessions of the genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana grown in hydroponic culture and soil using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of 17–19 elements were analyzed in roots and leaves from plants grown hydroponically, and leaves and seeds from plants grown in artificial soil. Significant genetic effects were detected for almost every element analyzed. We observed very few correlations between the elemental composition of the leaves and either the roots or seeds. There were many pairs of elements that were significantly correlated with each other within a tissue, but almost none of these pairs were consistently correlated across tissues and growth conditions, a phenomenon observed in several previous studies. These results suggest that the ionome of a plant tissue is variable, yet tightly controlled by genes and gene×environment interactions. The dataset provides a valuable resource for mapping studies to identify genes regulating elemental accumulation. All of the ionomic data is available at www.ionomicshub.org

Grain Boundary Assemblies in Dynamically-Recrystallized Austenitic Stainless Steel

The grain boundary misorientation distributions associated with the development of dynamic recrystallization were studied in a high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel subjected to hot working. Under conditions of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization, the relationships between the grain or subgrain sizes and flow stresses can be expressed by power law functions with different grain/subgrain size exponents of about −0.76 (for grain size) or −1.0 (for subgrain size). Therefore, the mean grain size being much larger than the subgrain size under conditions of low flow stress gradually approaches the size of the subgrains with an increase in the flow stress. These dependencies lead to the fraction of high-angle boundaries being a function of the flow stress. Namely, the fraction of ordinary high-angle boundaries in dynamically-recrystallized structures decreases with a decrease in the flow stress. On the other hand, the fraction of special boundaries, which are associated with annealing twins, progressively increases with a decrease of the flow stress