Políticas hacia villas y casas tomadas de la ciudad de Buenos Aires: tensiones entre la inclusión y la exclusión

This paper addresses the distinctive characteristics of policies focused on illegally occupied villages and dwellings in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, over the 1950-2002 period. It also analyzes the implementation of a certain set of housing initiatives in successive authoritarian and democratic eras, which ranged from establishment/eradication and inclusion/exclusion. The objective of this research is to provide further insights into the 100-year-old history of policies oriented towards popular sectors who live in illegally occupied villages and dwellings in Buenos Aires and whose prevalent hallmarks are vagrancy, partiality and violence. This study argues that housing policies are constantly displacing vulnerable social groups according to the premise that the “natural” place of residence of these groups can be found outside the capital city.En este trabajo abordamos las características distintivas de las políticas hacia villas y, posteriormente, hacia casas ocupadas de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, entre los años 1950 y 2002. Analizamos el modo en que fueron desplegadas un cierto conjunto de políticas habitacionales en sucesivas etapas autoritarias y democráticas, las cuales oscilaron entre la radicación/erradicación e inclusión/exclusión. Nuestro objetivo es profundizar en la trayectoria de casi un siglo de políticas hacia los sectores populares que habitan en villas y/o casas tomadas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, cuyos signos prevalecientes han sido la errancia, la parcialidad y la violencia. A lo largo de nuestra exposición sostenemos que los desplazamientos de los sectores sociales más vulnerables parecen haberse constituido como una constante de este conjunto de políticas habitacionales, basados en la concepción, más o menos tácita, de que el lugar “natural” de residencia de los sectores populares es fuera de la ciudad capital

Family Violence Within LGBTQ Communities in Australia: Intersectional Experiences and Associations with Mental Health Outcomes

BackgroundWhile prior research has documented intimate partner violence (IPV) and family of origin violence (FOV) experienced by LGBTQ communities at rates at least comparable to heterosexual and/or cisgender populations, little knowledge exists of how this experience occurs within intersections of these communities and who is most at risk.MethodsThis study utilised data from a from a large nationwide Australian survey of the health and wellbeing of 6835 LGBTQ adults aged 18 + years. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify individual factors associated with reporting ever having experienced FOV or IPV.ResultsIn total, 2675 (43.18%) participants reported ever experiencing FOV and 3716 (60.7%) reported ever experiencing IPV. Non-binary people, cisgender women, and trans men were most likely to have experienced FOV. Non-binary people and cisgender women were most likely to experience IPV. Participants aged 55 + years (compared to 18–24 years) were less likely to have experienced FOV, while the likelihood of experiencing IPV increased with age. Education was associated with both FOV and IPV (highest among the non-university tertiary educated). Having a moderate or severe disability and ever experiencing homelessness were associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing FOV and IPV. Recent experiences of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and high/very high psychological distress were associated with experiences of FOV and IPV.ConclusionsThis new knowledge regarding the factors that identify LGBTQ people at greater risk of family or intimate partner violence can ensure the tailoring of family violence practice and policy to those most in need

Predicting Outcomes in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease for Management Optimization: Systematic Review and Consensus Statements from PIBD-Ahead Program

A better understanding of prognostic factors within the heterogeneous spectrum of pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) should improve patient management and reduce complications. We aimed to identify evidence-based predictors of outcomes with the goal of optimizing individual patient management. A survey of 202 experts in pediatric CD identified and prioritized adverse outcomes to be avoided. A systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis, when possible, was performed to identify clinical studies that investigated predictors of these outcomes. Multiple national and international face-to-face meetings were held to draft consensus statements based on the published evidence. Consensus was reached on 27 statements regarding prognostic factors for surgery, complications, chronically active pediatric CD, and hospitalization. Prognostic factors for surgery included CD diagnosis during adolescence, growth impairment, NOD2/CARD15 polymorphisms, disease behavior, and positive anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody status. Isolated colonic disease was associated with fewer surgeries. Older age at presentation, small bowel disease, serology (anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody, antiflagellin, and OmpC), NOD2/CARD15 polymorphisms, perianal disease, and ethnicity were risk factors for penetrating (B3) and/or stenotic disease (B2). Male sex, young age at onset, small bowel disease, more active disease, and diagnostic delay may be associated with growth impairment. Malnutrition and higher disease activity were associated with reduced bone density. These evidence-based consensus statements offer insight into predictors of poor outcomes in pediatric CD and are valuable when developing treatment algorithms and planning future studies. Targeted longitudinal studies are needed to further characterize prognostic factors in pediatric CD and to evaluate the impact of treatment algorithms tailored to individual patient risk

Elementos de historia de la ciencia

Astronomía y física en Platón / Pablo Melogno -- Ciencia y método en Aristóteles / Elena Diez de la Cortina Montemayor -- Los elementos de Euclides y el desarrollo de la matemática griega / Pablo Melogno -- La teoría planetaria de Claudio Ptolomeo / Christián C. Carmen -- Ciencia y filosofía en la Edad Media : la disputa entre razón y fe / Margarita Santana de la Cruz -- De la alquimia a la química / Soledad Esteban Santos -- Leonardo Da Vinci : un estudio de la unidad de su pensamiento y su lugar en la historia de la ciencia / Adriana Assandri -- Conceptos fundamentales de la teoría copernicana / Marina Camejo -- Galileo Galilei : evidencia experimental matemáticamente analizada en la filosofía natural de principios del siglo XVII / Godfrey Guillaumin -- J. Kepler (1571-1630) : la creatividad y el rigor en la búsqueda de la armonía del mundo / Inmaculada Perdomo Reyes -- Antonie-Laurent Lavoisier (1743?-1794) y la química del siglo XVIII / Inés Pellón González -- Darwin y el evolucionismo / José María Adrover -- El problema del V postulado y el surgimiento de las geometrías no euclidianas / Pablo Rodríguez -- Einstein y la reinvención de la física / Leonardo Moledo, Nicolás Olszevicki, Esteban Magnani -- Los inicios de la física cuántica y el problema de su interpretación / Pablo Rodríguez -- La teoría del big bang en la red del conocimiento / Hernán Miguel

Network analysis of sea turtle movements and connectivity: A tool for conservation prioritization

Aim: Understanding the spatial ecology of animal movements is a critical element in conserving long-lived, highly mobile marine species. Analyzing networks developed from movements of six sea turtle species reveals marine connectivity and can help prioritize conservation efforts. Location: Global. Methods: We collated telemetry data from 1235 individuals and reviewed the literature to determine our dataset's representativeness. We used the telemetry data to develop spatial networks at different scales to examine areas, connections, and their geographic arrangement. We used graph theory metrics to compare networks across regions and species and to identify the role of important areas and connections. Results: Relevant literature and citations for data used in this study had very little overlap. Network analysis showed that sampling effort influenced network structure, and the arrangement of areas and connections for most networks was complex. However, important areas and connections identified by graph theory metrics can be different than areas of high data density. For the global network, marine regions in the Mediterranean had high closeness, while links with high betweenness among marine regions in the South Atlantic were critical for maintaining connectivity. Comparisons among species-specific networks showed that functional connectivity was related to movement ecology, resulting in networks composed of different areas and links. Main conclusions: Network analysis identified the structure and functional connectivity of the sea turtles in our sample at multiple scales. These network characteristics could help guide the coordination of management strategies for wide-ranging animals throughout their geographic extent. Most networks had complex structures that can contribute to greater robustness but may be more difficult to manage changes when compared to simpler forms. Area-based conservation measures would benefit sea turtle populations when directed toward areas with high closeness dominating network function. Promoting seascape connectivity of links with high betweenness would decrease network vulnerability.Fil: Kot, Connie Y.. University of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Åkesson, Susanne. Lund University; SueciaFil: Alfaro Shigueto, Joanna. Universidad Cientifica del Sur; Perú. University of Exeter; Reino Unido. Pro Delphinus; PerúFil: Amorocho Llanos, Diego Fernando. Research Center for Environmental Management and Development; ColombiaFil: Antonopoulou, Marina. Emirates Wildlife Society-world Wide Fund For Nature; Emiratos Arabes UnidosFil: Balazs, George H.. Noaa Fisheries Service; Estados UnidosFil: Baverstock, Warren R.. The Aquarium and Dubai Turtle Rehabilitation Project; Emiratos Arabes UnidosFil: Blumenthal, Janice M.. Cayman Islands Government; Islas CaimánFil: Broderick, Annette C.. University of Exeter; Reino UnidoFil: Bruno, Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Canbolat, Ali Fuat. Hacettepe Üniversitesi; Turquía. Ecological Research Society; TurquíaFil: Casale, Paolo. Università degli Studi di Pisa; ItaliaFil: Cejudo, Daniel. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; EspañaFil: Coyne, Michael S.. Seaturtle.org; Estados UnidosFil: Curtice, Corrie. University of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: DeLand, Sarah. University of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: DiMatteo, Andrew. CheloniData; Estados UnidosFil: Dodge, Kara. New England Aquarium; Estados UnidosFil: Dunn, Daniel C.. University of Queensland; Australia. The University of Queensland; Australia. University of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Esteban, Nicole. Swansea University; Reino UnidoFil: Formia, Angela. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Fuentes, Mariana M. P. B.. Florida State University; Estados UnidosFil: Fujioka, Ei. University of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Garnier, Julie. The Zoological Society of London; Reino UnidoFil: Godfrey, Matthew H.. North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; Estados UnidosFil: Godley, Brendan J.. University of Exeter; Reino UnidoFil: González Carman, Victoria. Instituto National de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Harrison, Autumn Lynn. Smithsonian Institution; Estados UnidosFil: Hart, Catherine E.. Grupo Tortuguero de las Californias A.C; México. Investigacion, Capacitacion y Soluciones Ambientales y Sociales A.C; MéxicoFil: Hawkes, Lucy A.. University of Exeter; Reino UnidoFil: Hays, Graeme C.. Deakin University; AustraliaFil: Hill, Nicholas. The Zoological Society of London; Reino UnidoFil: Hochscheid, Sandra. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn; ItaliaFil: Kaska, Yakup. Dekamer—Sea Turtle Rescue Center; Turquía. Pamukkale Üniversitesi; TurquíaFil: Levy, Yaniv. University Of Haifa; Israel. Israel Nature And Parks Authority; IsraelFil: Ley Quiñónez, César P.. Instituto Politécnico Nacional; MéxicoFil: Lockhart, Gwen G.. Virginia Aquarium Marine Science Foundation; Estados Unidos. Naval Facilities Engineering Command; Estados UnidosFil: López-Mendilaharsu, Milagros. Projeto TAMAR; BrasilFil: Luschi, Paolo. Università degli Studi di Pisa; ItaliaFil: Mangel, Jeffrey C.. University of Exeter; Reino Unido. Pro Delphinus; PerúFil: Margaritoulis, Dimitris. Archelon; GreciaFil: Maxwell, Sara M.. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: McClellan, Catherine M.. University of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Metcalfe, Kristian. University of Exeter; Reino UnidoFil: Mingozzi, Antonio. Università Della Calabria; ItaliaFil: Moncada, Felix G.. Centro de Investigaciones Pesqueras; CubaFil: Nichols, Wallace J.. California Academy Of Sciences; Estados Unidos. Center For The Blue Economy And International Environmental Policy Program; Estados UnidosFil: Parker, Denise M.. Noaa Fisheries Service; Estados UnidosFil: Patel, Samir H.. Coonamessett Farm Foundation; Estados Unidos. Drexel University; Estados UnidosFil: Pilcher, Nicolas J.. Marine Research Foundation; MalasiaFil: Poulin, Sarah. University of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Read, Andrew J.. Duke University Marine Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Rees, ALan F.. University of Exeter; Reino Unido. Archelon; GreciaFil: Robinson, David P.. The Aquarium and Dubai Turtle Rehabilitation Project; Emiratos Arabes UnidosFil: Robinson, Nathan J.. Fundación Oceanogràfic; EspañaFil: Sandoval-Lugo, Alejandra G.. Instituto Politécnico Nacional; MéxicoFil: Schofield, Gail. Queen Mary University of London; Reino UnidoFil: Seminoff, Jeffrey A.. Noaa National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Regional Office; Estados UnidosFil: Seney, Erin E.. University Of Central Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Snape, Robin T. E.. University of Exeter; Reino UnidoFil: Sözbilen, Dogan. Dekamer—sea Turtle Rescue Center; Turquía. Pamukkale University; TurquíaFil: Tomás, Jesús. Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat I Biologia Evolutiva; EspañaFil: Varo Cruz, Nuria. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; España. Ads Biodiversidad; España. Instituto Canario de Ciencias Marinas; EspañaFil: Wallace, Bryan P.. University of Duke; Estados Unidos. Ecolibrium, Inc.; Estados UnidosFil: Wildermann, Natalie E.. Texas A&M University; Estados UnidosFil: Witt, Matthew J.. University of Exeter; Reino UnidoFil: Zavala Norzagaray, Alan A.. Instituto politecnico nacional; MéxicoFil: Halpin, Patrick N.. University of Duke; Estados Unido

Falling through the cracks: the gap between evidence and policy in responding to depression in gay, lesbian and other homosexually active people in Australia

Abstract Objective: To examine the evidence for a national policy response to depression among gay, lesbian and other homosexually active people in Australia. Methods: A literature review using database searches on depression among non‐heterosexual people then a web‐based search of national policy investigating how mental health needs in this population are addressed in Australia. Results: The literature review found that non‐heterosexual people experience depression at higher rates, but the literature on interventions was sparse. The policy analysis found no mention of depression or the broader mental health needs of non‐heterosexual people in key national mental health policy documents. These documents outline a policy approach for population groups with a higher prevalence of mental health problems, and stigma and discrimination are relevant associated factors, but only the National Suicide Strategy considers non‐heterosexual people an ‘at‐risk group’. Conclusions: The results suggest that the evidence on higher rates of depression in non‐heterosexual people is strong, but that this is not recognised in current national policy. Implications: Defining non‐heterosexual people as an ‘at‐risk’ group is appropriate, as is prioritising access to mental health services that are socially and culturally appropriate. Addressing homophobia as an associated factor would require a strategic policy approach across a range of sectors

Community engagement, partnerships and research into policy and practice: a literature review

This literature review looks at community engagement and academic research with a particular emphasis on public health issues. Community engagement is a term that has come to be associated with a broad range of activities involving the interaction of universities and researchers with communities. In the health field, there has been a particular recognition of the role of community engagement in research (establishing research objectives, jointly undertaking research, and sharing the roles in the reporting and dissemination of research findings). More broadly, universities and researchers have been engaged in building local, national and international partnerships with communities, community-based organisations, NGOs, social services and practitioners, other researchers/institutions and government to conduct research or community-based projects. The purposes of community engagement and partnerships in research are generally to improve the quality of the research itself and, through this, to promote positive changes in people’s lives. The latter involves dissemination of results in a variety of formats to a range of stakeholders, and engagement/advocacy to effect changes in policy and practice. The process, outcomes and impact of these sorts of research and activities are understood and described in a range of ways. The following paper presents a literature review with the aims of: defining the range of terms and concepts that describe the engagement of researchers with society, communities, social services and government, focusing on both the process and impact of these sorts of research, and investigating ways of measuring and valuing research that involves community engagement, partnerships and influences changes in policy and practice. The review was based on a detailed literature search across several databases. This is not a systematic review but provides a broad overview of the international and local literature

Políticas hacia villas y casas tomadas de la ciudad de Buenos Aires: tensiones entre la inclusión y la exclusión

This paper addresses the distinctive characteristics of policies focused on illegally occupied villages and dwellings in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, over the 1950-2002 period. It also analyzes the implementation of a certain set of housing initiatives in successive authoritarian and democratic eras, which ranged from establishment/eradication and inclusion/exclusion. The objective of this research is to provide further insights into the 100-year-old history of policies oriented towards popular sectors who live in illegally occupied villages and dwellings in Buenos Aires and whose prevalent hallmarks are vagrancy, partiality and violence. This study argues that housing policies are constantly displacing vulnerable social groups according to the premise that the “natural” place of residence of these groups can be found outside the capital city.En este trabajo abordamos las características distintivas de las políticas hacia villas y, posteriormente, hacia casas ocupadas de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, entre los años 1950 y 2002. Analizamos el modo en que fueron desplegadas un cierto conjunto de políticas habitacionales en sucesivas etapas autoritarias y democráticas, las cuales oscilaron entre la radicación/erradicación e inclusión/exclusión. Nuestro objetivo es profundizar en la trayectoria de casi un siglo de políticas hacia los sectores populares que habitan en villas y/o casas tomadas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, cuyos signos prevalecientes han sido la errancia, la parcialidad y la violencia. A lo largo de nuestra exposición sostenemos que los desplazamientos de los sectores sociales más vulnerables parecen haberse constituido como una constante de este conjunto de políticas habitacionales, basados en la concepción, más o menos tácita, de que el lugar “natural” de residencia de los sectores populares es fuera de la ciudad capital

Políticas hacia villas y casas tomadas de la ciudad de Buenos Aires: tensiones entre la inclusión y la exclusión

En este trabajo abordamos las características distintivas de las políticas hacia villas y, posteriormente, hacia casas ocupadas de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, entre los años 1950 y 2002. Analizamos el modo en que fueron desplegadas un cierto conjunto de políticas habitacionales en sucesivas etapas autoritarias y democráticas, las cuales oscilaron entre la radicación/erradicación e inclusión/exclusión. Nuestro objetivo es profundizar en la trayectoria de casi un siglo de políticas hacia los sectores populares que habitan en villas y/o casas tomadas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, cuyos signos prevalecientes han sido la errancia, la parcialidad y la violencia. A lo largo de nuestra exposición sostenemos que los desplazamientos de los sectores sociales más vulnerables parecen haberse constituido como una constante de este conjunto de políticas habitacionales, basados en la concepción, más o menos tácita, de que el lugar “natural” de residencia de los sectores populares es fuera de la ciudad capital

Responsibility and accountability in theory and practice: the truth and reconciliation commission’s investigation of human rights abuse in South Africa

The main aims of the investigation conducted here are to draw out important debates intheory and in the South African social context over the concepts of responsibility andaccountability for human rights abuse, and to look at how these were present within, andimpacted on, discussions within and around the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.The TRC did not specifically discuss or define theoretical concepts of responsibility oraccountability. However, I argue that it is possible to draw out some important featuresof its implicit approach – particularly in terms of its emphasis on collectiveresponsibility and social context (in addition to individual responsibility), and itsemphasis on moral arguments for individuals and collectives to accept responsibility andhold themselves accountable by contributing to future change. This ambitious andcomplex approach raised some important theoretical issues, which have been discussedand debated in the theoretical literature. These include: the relationship betweenindividual responsibility, collective responsibility and the influence of “the system”; thenature of collective responsibility; the nature of morality; the distinction between moraland political responsibility; and how individuals and collectives can or should be heldaccountable.In South Africa, these theoretical debates inter-mingled with a range of other factors,including individual and collective interests, motives and political perspectives. From ananalysis of the existing literature on the TRC and original interviews conducted with keyinformants, I draw out three main opposing views which I argue arose in the SouthAfrican social context about responsibility and accountability, and what the TRC couldand should have done to address these. In a detailed analysis of the TRC’s hearings andFinal Report, I draw out how theoretical debates, and these three opposing views, werepresent within and impacted on the TRC’s work. I argue that it was impossible for theTRC to satisfy everyone and resolve these debates, and that its approach led tounrealistic expectations of its work and its role more generally. This has impactednegatively on how the TRC was and is perceived