Reliability and Availability of Ship’s Computer Systems Based on Manufacturer’s Data and Worksheets

Computer controlled systems play important role aboard ships. Failure of such systems due to some component malfunction can be with fatal consequences. It is important to assess reliability and availability of such systems and minimum redundancy to ensure maintenance planning, ordering of spare components and safety of the voyage with as little as possible redundant components. This paper deals with development of model for reliability and availability of the computer system, which consists of three components with hot standby. Markov chains model is used to analyse probability of failure. Matrix of transitions is set after model development. Transition matrix is used to develop differential equations for model simulation. System’s reliability is larger if the system is under constant maintenance and service, but it would not be available. Hence, the optimum between reliability and availability should be found. System’s maintenance is limited during the voyage and hot standby is necessary to ensure success of the voyage. This paper presents a framework for assessment of reliability and availability of computer systems based on components’ redundancy, and practical data about MTBF. Many versions of the shipboard computer systems can be evaluated using the presented framework

West Syndrome with Periventricular Leukomalacia: Ten-year Clinical Study

The aim of the study was to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in infants with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) andWest syndrome (WS) and determine the neurodevelopmental outcome in children withWest syndrome and PVL. Ultrasound and brain MRI were performed in 37 infants with recognized PVL. PVL was categorized according to De Vries, whereas West syndrome was categorized according to International League Against Epilepsy 1989. West syndrome in our patients developed during the first 2 years of life. The most common interictal abnormality was hypsarrhythmia. All, except two patients had delayed development and various degrees of mental retardation.The most characteristic neuroimaging findings were major reduction in cerebral cortical gray matter volume, reduction in the volume of brain myelin, and delayed myelination. These findings may explain the anatomical association between the West syndrome onset and PVL and intellectual and cognitive deficit in premature infants with PVL

Prognostička vrijednost kliničkih i patohistoloških osobitosti melanoma srednje očne ovojnice: retrospektivna studija

The aim of the study was to determine clinical and histopathologic prognostic factors for tumor related survival of patients with uveal melanoma. Clinical and histopathologic records of 20 patients with histologically verified uveal melanomas were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were operated on at University Department of Ophthalmology, Split University Hospital in Split, January 1, 1991 and December 31, 2000. Histopathologic confirmation was obtained from the Hospital Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, Split University Hospital. Standard histological staining with hemalaun and immunohistochemical staining with primary antibody against melanoma antigen and S-100 protein were performed. Data on the cause of death were collected from death certificates obtained from Hospital Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology and from Split Population Registry, Split-Dalmatia County government. The overall annual incidence of uveal melanoma in Split-Dalmatian County was 0.44 per 100,000. Out of 20 intraocular melanomas, 4 (20%) were located at the ciliary body, 13 (65%) at the choroid, and 3 (15%) at the ciliary body and at the choroid. There was no statistically significant survival difference between groups with different tumor localization (c²=2.747; df=3; p=0.253). The largest tumor diameter was 35 mm and the smallest 9 mm (median 12 mm), and there was no statistically significant correlation between tumor diameter and survival (Spearman\u27s correlation 0.21). Histological study revealed pure spindle A type melanoma in one (5%) case, pure spindle B type melanoma and pure epithelioid type melanoma in 4 (20%) cases each, and mixed type melanoma in 11 (55%) cases. There was no statistically significant survival difference between groups of patients with different histopathologic types of melanoma (χ²=5.312; df=4; p=0.150). Study results indicated that none of the study parameters (localization, tumor diameter and histopathology finding) could be considered a valid prognostic factor of uveal melanoma survival.Cilj studije bio je ustanoviti kliničke i patohistološke prognostičke čimbenike preživljenja od melanoma srednje očne ovojnice kod bolesnika s tom bolešću. Provedena je retrospektivna analiza kliničkih i patohistoloških podataka 20 bolesnika s histološki dokazanim melanomom srednje očne ovojnice. Bolesnici su operirani u Klinici za očne bolesti KB Split u razdoblju od 1. siječnja 1991. do 31. prosinca 2000. godine. Melanomi su patohistološki verificirani u Zavodu za patologiju, sudsku medicinu i citologiju KB Split. Primijenjeno je standardno HE (hemalaun-eozin) bojenje i imunohistokemijsko bojenje na melanoma antigen i S-100 protein. Uzrok smrti utvrđen je uvidom u mrtvozorničke prijave o uzroku smrti u Zavodu za patologiju, sudsku medicinu i citologiju KB Split i u Matičnom uredu Split, Uredu državne uprave Splitsko-dalmatinske županije. Godišnja incidencija melanoma srednje očne ovojnice u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji bila je 0,44 na 100.000 stanovnika. Od 20 intraokularnih melanoma, 4 (20%) su imala polazište iz zrakastog tijela, 13 (65%) iz žilnice, a 3 (15%) su bila smještena u zrakastom tijelu i žilnici. Nije nađena statistički značajna razlika u preživljenju prema lokalizaciji tumora (χ²=2,747; df=3; p=0,253). Najveći promjer tumora iznosio je 35 mm, najmanji 9 mm (medijan 12 mm). Nije utvrđena statistički značajna korelacija između preživljenja i veličine tumora (Spermanova rang korelacija 0,21). Histološka analiza utvrdila je 1 (5%) melanom vretenastog tipa A, 4 (20%) vretenastog tipa B, 4 (20%) epiteloidnog tipa i 11 (55%) miješanog tipa. Nije dokazana statistički značajna razlika u preživljenju ovisno o patohistološkom tipu tumora (χ²=5,312; df=4; p=0,15). Na temelju dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti kako niti jedan od ispitivanih parametara (lokalizacija, veličina i patohistološki tip tumora) nije valjan prognostički čimbenik preživljenja kod melanoma srednje očne ovojnice

Prognostička vrijednost kliničkih i patohistoloških osobitosti melanoma srednje očne ovojnice: retrospektivna studija

The aim of the study was to determine clinical and histopathologic prognostic factors for tumor related survival of patients with uveal melanoma. Clinical and histopathologic records of 20 patients with histologically verified uveal melanomas were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were operated on at University Department of Ophthalmology, Split University Hospital in Split, January 1, 1991 and December 31, 2000. Histopathologic confirmation was obtained from the Hospital Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, Split University Hospital. Standard histological staining with hemalaun and immunohistochemical staining with primary antibody against melanoma antigen and S-100 protein were performed. Data on the cause of death were collected from death certificates obtained from Hospital Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology and from Split Population Registry, Split-Dalmatia County government. The overall annual incidence of uveal melanoma in Split-Dalmatian County was 0.44 per 100,000. Out of 20 intraocular melanomas, 4 (20%) were located at the ciliary body, 13 (65%) at the choroid, and 3 (15%) at the ciliary body and at the choroid. There was no statistically significant survival difference between groups with different tumor localization (c²=2.747; df=3; p=0.253). The largest tumor diameter was 35 mm and the smallest 9 mm (median 12 mm), and there was no statistically significant correlation between tumor diameter and survival (Spearman\u27s correlation 0.21). Histological study revealed pure spindle A type melanoma in one (5%) case, pure spindle B type melanoma and pure epithelioid type melanoma in 4 (20%) cases each, and mixed type melanoma in 11 (55%) cases. There was no statistically significant survival difference between groups of patients with different histopathologic types of melanoma (χ²=5.312; df=4; p=0.150). Study results indicated that none of the study parameters (localization, tumor diameter and histopathology finding) could be considered a valid prognostic factor of uveal melanoma survival.Cilj studije bio je ustanoviti kliničke i patohistološke prognostičke čimbenike preživljenja od melanoma srednje očne ovojnice kod bolesnika s tom bolešću. Provedena je retrospektivna analiza kliničkih i patohistoloških podataka 20 bolesnika s histološki dokazanim melanomom srednje očne ovojnice. Bolesnici su operirani u Klinici za očne bolesti KB Split u razdoblju od 1. siječnja 1991. do 31. prosinca 2000. godine. Melanomi su patohistološki verificirani u Zavodu za patologiju, sudsku medicinu i citologiju KB Split. Primijenjeno je standardno HE (hemalaun-eozin) bojenje i imunohistokemijsko bojenje na melanoma antigen i S-100 protein. Uzrok smrti utvrđen je uvidom u mrtvozorničke prijave o uzroku smrti u Zavodu za patologiju, sudsku medicinu i citologiju KB Split i u Matičnom uredu Split, Uredu državne uprave Splitsko-dalmatinske županije. Godišnja incidencija melanoma srednje očne ovojnice u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji bila je 0,44 na 100.000 stanovnika. Od 20 intraokularnih melanoma, 4 (20%) su imala polazište iz zrakastog tijela, 13 (65%) iz žilnice, a 3 (15%) su bila smještena u zrakastom tijelu i žilnici. Nije nađena statistički značajna razlika u preživljenju prema lokalizaciji tumora (χ²=2,747; df=3; p=0,253). Najveći promjer tumora iznosio je 35 mm, najmanji 9 mm (medijan 12 mm). Nije utvrđena statistički značajna korelacija između preživljenja i veličine tumora (Spermanova rang korelacija 0,21). Histološka analiza utvrdila je 1 (5%) melanom vretenastog tipa A, 4 (20%) vretenastog tipa B, 4 (20%) epiteloidnog tipa i 11 (55%) miješanog tipa. Nije dokazana statistički značajna razlika u preživljenju ovisno o patohistološkom tipu tumora (χ²=5,312; df=4; p=0,15). Na temelju dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti kako niti jedan od ispitivanih parametara (lokalizacija, veličina i patohistološki tip tumora) nije valjan prognostički čimbenik preživljenja kod melanoma srednje očne ovojnice

Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Children with Periventricular Leukomalacia

The purpose of this study was to question the correlation of different grades of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and subsequent neurodevelopmental outcome. In a prospective study we followed 52 preterm infants. Infants were divided into three groups according to their cranial ultrasound findings of PVL (De Vries classification). Seventeen children had PVL 1, 20 children had PVL 2, and 15 children had PVL 3. All 15 (100%) children with PVL 3 developed cerebral palsy with additional visual perceptual dysfunctions and epilepsy. Children with PVL 1 had high frequency of mild neuromotoric delay and visual impairment. PVL 2 and 3 have great predictive value for subsequent severe neurodevelopmental disorder which refers to cerebral palsy, different cognitive deficits, vision impairment and epilepsy. We have determined that due to high frequency of visual impairment and epilepsy we need to include neurophysiologic examinations very early in children with PVL lesions

Ružička days : International conference 16th Ružička Days “Today Science – Tomorrow Industry” : Proceedings

Proceedings contains articles presented at Conference divided into sections: open lecture (1), chemical analysis and synthesis (3), chemical and biochemical engineering (8), food technology and biotechnology (8), medical chemistry and pharmacy (3), environmental protection (11) and meeting of young chemists (2)