Inteligência Artificial e Direitos Autorais: um mapeamento da produção científica

The issues involving the study of Copyrights and Artificial Intelligence arouse heated debates and little consensus. However, the deepening of such study is unavoidable to try to regulate the rapid evolution of the information society. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to map the scientific production on Artificial Intelligence and Copyright, to compose a consistent bibliographic portfolio that allows establishing an in-depth literature review on the subject in the future. This study is descriptive and exploratory in nature. The technical procedure used is bibliographic research, instrumented by the Knowledge Development Process-Constructivist (ProKnow-C). The results reveal that the papers selected to compose the bibliographic portfolio of this research are presented as a good parameter of the state of the art, as well as demonstrating the relevance of the theme worldwide. The study provides continuity of research in the future through both qualitative and qualitative analysis.As questões que envolvem o estudo de Direitos Autorais e Inteligência Artificial despertam acalorados debates e pouco consenso. Contudo, inafastável o aprofundamento de tal estudo para tentar regular a rápida evolução da sociedade informacional. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é mapear a produção científica sobre Inteligência Artificial e Direitos Autorais, a fim de compor um portfólio bibliográfico consistente que permita estabelecer uma revisão da literatura aprofundada sobre o tema no futuro. Este estudo é de natureza descritiva e exploratória. O procedimento técnico utilizado é a pesquisa bibliográfica, instrumentalizada pelo Knowledge Development Process-Constructivist (ProKnow-C). Os resultados revelam que os artigos selecionados para compor o portfólio bibliográfico desta pesquisa se apresentam como um bom parâmetro do estado da arte, bem como demonstram a relevância do tema a nível mundial. O estudo proporciona a continuidade da pesquisa no futuro por meio de uma análise tanto qualitativa quanto quantitativa

Data mining tool for academic data exploitation: literature review and first architecture proposal

Using data for making decisions is not new; companies use complex computations on customer data for business intelligence or analytics. Business intelligence techniques can discern historical patterns and trends from data and can create models that predict future trends and patterns. Analytics, broadly defined, comprises applied techniques from computer science, mathematics, and statistics for extracting usable information from very large datasets. Data itself is not new. Data has always been generated and used to inform decision-making. However, most of this was structured and organised, through regular data collections, surveys, etc. What is new, with the invention and dominance of the Internet and the expansion of digital systems across all sectors, is the amount of unstructured data we are generating. This is what we call the digital footprint: the traces that individuals leave behind as they interact with their increasingly digital world. Data analytics is the process where data is collected and analysed in order to identify patterns, make predictions, and inform business decisions. Our capacity to perform increasingly sophisticated analytics is changing the way we make predictions and decisions, with huge potential to improve competitive intelligence. These examples suggest that the actions from data mining and analytics are always automatic, but that is less often the case. Educational Data Mining (EDM) and Learning Analytics (LA) have the potential to make visible data that have heretofore gone unseen, unnoticed, and therefore unactionable. To help further the fields and gain value from their practical applications, the recommendations are that educators and administrators: • Develop a culture of using data for making instructional decisions; • Involve IT departments in planning for data collection and use; • Be smart data consumers who ask critical questions about commercial offerings and create demand for the most useful features and uses; • Start with focused areas where data will help, show success, and then expand to new areas; • Communicate with students and parents about where data come from and how the data are used; • Help align state policies with technical requirements for online learning systems. This report documents the first steps conducted within the SPEET1 ERASMUS+ project. It describes the conceptualization of a practical tool for the application of EDM/LA techniques to currently available academic data. The document is also intended to contextualise the use of Big Data within the academic sector, with special emphasis on the role that student profiles and student clustering do have in support tutoring actions. The report describes the promise of educational data mining (seeking patterns in data across many student actions), learning analytics (applying predictive models that provide actionable information), and visual data analytics (interactive displays of analyzed data) and how they might serve the future of personalized learning and the development and continuous improvement of adaptive systems. How might they operate in an adaptive learning system? What inputs and outputs are to be expected? In the next sections, these questions are addressed by giving a system-level view of how data mining and analytics could improve teaching and learning by creating feedback loops. Finally, the proposal of the key elements that conform a software application that is intended to give support to this academic data analysis is presented. Three different key elements are presented: data, algorithms and application architecture. From one side we should have a minimum data available. The corresponding relational data base structure is presented. This basic data can always be complemented with other available data that may help to decide or/and to explain decisions. Classification algorithms are reviewed and is presented how they can be used for the generation of the student clustering problem. A convenient software architecture will act as an umbrella that connects the previous two parts. The document is intended to be useful for a first understanding of academic data analysis. What we can get and what we do need to do. This is the first of a series of reports that taken all together will provide a complete and consistent view towards the inclusion of data mining as a helping hand in the tutoring action.European UnionProgramme: Erasmus+ Project Reference: 2016-1-ES01-KA203-025452info:eu-repo/semantics/draf

Pré-excitação ventricular como causa de disfunção ventricular esquerda parcialmente reversível com ablação da via anômala.

A pré-excitação ventricular é causa rara de cardiomiopatia induzida ou mediada por arritmias. As vias acessórias à direita, especificamente com padrão de bloqueio de ramo esquerdo podem causar disfunção ventricular, pela ativação ventricular anormal resultante da condução anterógrada pela VA pode causar dessincronismo atrioventricular, interventricular e intraventricular, com contração assíncrona da parede ventricular e regurgitação mitral. Descrevemos uma paciente assintomática, com eletrocardiograma exibindo pré-excitação ventricular, padrão de BRE e disfunção ventricular sistólica moderada. Estudo eletrofisiológico demonstrou via acessória de localização anterior e com período refratário anterógrado de 600ms, realizando-se ablação por radiofrequência com sucesso e significativa melhora da função ventricular

Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss, Reduced Neurite Complexity and Autophagic Abnormalities in Transgenic Mice Expressing G2019S Mutant LRRK2

Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene cause late-onset, autosomal dominant familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and also contribute to idiopathic PD. LRRK2 mutations represent the most common cause of PD with clinical and neurochemical features that are largely indistinguishable from idiopathic disease. Currently, transgenic mice expressing wild-type or disease-causing mutants of LRRK2 have failed to produce overt neurodegeneration, although abnormalities in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotransmission have been observed. Here, we describe the development and characterization of transgenic mice expressing human LRRK2 bearing the familial PD mutations, R1441C and G2019S. Our study demonstrates that expression of G2019S mutant LRRK2 induces the degeneration of nigrostriatal pathway dopaminergic neurons in an age-dependent manner. In addition, we observe autophagic and mitochondrial abnormalities in the brains of aged G2019S LRRK2 mice and markedly reduced neurite complexity of cultured dopaminergic neurons. These new LRRK2 transgenic mice will provide important tools for understanding the mechanism(s) through which familial mutations precipitate neuronal degeneration and PD

Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre Diagnóstico e Tratamento de Pacientes com Cardiomiopatia da Doença de Chagas

This guideline aimed to update the concepts and formulate the standards of conduct and scientific evidence that support them, regarding the diagnosis and treatment of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, with special emphasis on the rationality base that supported it.  Chagas disease in the 21st century maintains an epidemiological pattern of endemicity in 21 Latin American countries. Researchers and managers from endemic and non-endemic countries point to the need to adopt comprehensive public health policies to effectively control the interhuman transmission of T. cruzi infection, and to obtain an optimized level of care for already infected individuals, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic opportunistic opportunities.   Pathogenic and pathophysiological mechanisms of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease were revisited after in-depth updating and the notion that necrosis and fibrosis are stimulated by tissue parasitic persistence and adverse immune reaction, as fundamental mechanisms, assisted by autonomic and microvascular disorders, was well established. Some of them have recently formed potential targets of therapies.  The natural history of the acute and chronic phases was reviewed, with enhancement for oral transmission, indeterminate form and chronic syndromes. Recent meta-analyses of observational studies have estimated the risk of evolution from acute and indeterminate forms and mortality after chronic cardiomyopathy. Therapeutic approaches applicable to individuals with Indeterminate form of Chagas disease were specifically addressed. All methods to detect structural and/or functional alterations with various cardiac imaging techniques were also reviewed, with recommendations for use in various clinical scenarios. Mortality risk stratification based on the Rassi score, with recent studies of its application, was complemented by methods that detect myocardial fibrosis.  The current methodology for etiological diagnosis and the consequent implications of trypanonomic treatment deserved a comprehensive and in-depth approach. Also the treatment of patients at risk or with heart failure, arrhythmias and thromboembolic events, based on pharmacological and complementary resources, received special attention. Additional chapters supported the conducts applicable to several special contexts, including t. cruzi/HIV co-infection, risk during surgeries, in pregnant women, in the reactivation of infection after heart transplantation, and others.     Finally, two chapters of great social significance, addressing the structuring of specialized services to care for individuals with the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, and reviewing the concepts of severe heart disease and its medical-labor implications completed this guideline.Esta diretriz teve como objetivo principal atualizar os conceitos e formular as normas de conduta e evidências científicas que as suportam, quanto ao diagnóstico e tratamento da CDC, com especial ênfase na base de racionalidade que a embasou. A DC no século XXI mantém padrão epidemiológico de endemicidade em 21 países da América Latina. Investigadores e gestores de países endêmicos e não endêmicos indigitam a necessidade de se adotarem políticas abrangentes, de saúde pública, para controle eficaz da transmissão inter-humanos da infecção pelo T. cruzi, e obter-se nível otimizado de atendimento aos indivíduos já infectados, com foco em oportunização diagnóstica e terapêutica. Mecanismos patogênicos e fisiopatológicos da CDC foram revisitados após atualização aprofundada e ficou bem consolidada a noção de que necrose e fibrose sejam estimuladas pela persistência parasitária tissular e reação imune adversa, como mecanismos fundamentais, coadjuvados por distúrbios autonômicos e microvasculares. Alguns deles recentemente constituíram alvos potenciais de terapêuticas. A história natural das fases aguda e crônica foi revista, com realce para a transmissão oral, a forma indeterminada e as síndromes crônicas. Metanálises recentes de estudos observacionais estimaram o risco de evolução a partir das formas aguda e indeterminada e de mortalidade após instalação da cardiomiopatia crônica. Condutas terapêuticas aplicáveis aos indivíduos com a FIDC foram abordadas especificamente. Todos os métodos para detectar alterações estruturais e/ou funcionais com variadas técnicas de imageamento cardíaco também foram revisados, com recomendações de uso nos vários cenários clínicos. Estratificação de risco de mortalidade fundamentada no escore de Rassi, com estudos recentes de sua aplicação, foi complementada por métodos que detectam fibrose miocárdica. A metodologia atual para diagnóstico etiológico e as consequentes implicações do tratamento tripanossomicida mereceram enfoque abrangente e aprofundado. Também o tratamento de pacientes em risco ou com insuficiência cardíaca, arritmias e eventos tromboembólicos, baseado em recursos farmacológicos e complementares, recebeu especial atenção. Capítulos suplementares subsidiaram as condutas aplicáveis a diversos contextos especiais, entre eles o da co-infecção por T. cruzi/HIV, risco durante cirurgias, em grávidas, na reativação da infecção após transplante cardíacos, e outros.    Por fim, dois capítulos de grande significado social, abordando a estruturação de serviços especializados para atendimento aos indivíduos com a CDC, e revisando os conceitos de cardiopatia grave e suas implicações médico-trabalhistas completaram esta diretriz.&nbsp

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake