Quality of life of caregivers of overweight or obese children and adolescents

This study evaluated the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of caregivers of overweight and obese children and adolescents. Three-hundred and sixty caregives of children and adolescents (ages ranging from 9 to 12 years) diagnosed with overweight (n = 96; average age 11.1 years), obesity (n = 62; average age 10.9 years) and eutrophy (n = 202; average age 10.7 years), regular students of public and private schools in Uberlandia (Minas Gerais), were invited to answer The 36 item Short Form Questionnaire (SF-36). The scores obtained were compared according to the body mass index (BMI) of the children and adolescents, and no significant differences were found between caregivers of overweight, obese and etrophic children and adolescents. Hence, there is no harm to the HRQL of caregivers of overweight and obese children and adolescents.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Forcas Armadas, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Primary Healthcare Nursing Dept, Nutr Program, Sch Nursing, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Sch Math, BR-38400 Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Hosp Clin, BR-38400 Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Program Med, Sch Med, BR-38400 Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Uberlandia, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, BR-38400 Uberlandia, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Quadro clínico do envenenamento crotálico experimental em bovinos (Crotalus durissus terrificus - crotamina positivo)

With the aim of describing the clinical picture of experimental crotalic poisoning in cattle, five crossbred female, from two to three years old, were inoculated with type crotalic positive crotamine poison. The dosage was 0.03 mg/kg of body weight. The animals showed chronologically, the following clinical picture: at second hour of evaluation apathy, low head, deep lethargy and discreet swelling at the inoculation place; at sixth hour, local oedema had disappeared and myoclonia was observed in great muscle masses; at tenth hour, there was decreasing of muscular tonus, as well as superficial reflexes, motor incoordination appearing and esternal recumbency; at fourteenth hour it was observed pedal movement and loss of deep sensibility; at sixteenth hour, hind limbs flaccid paralysis and after twenty hours after poisoning it was observed dyspnea, salivation and death of all animals. Rectal temperature did not alter until the twentieth hour, however, from this time it decreased constantly until the death. The respiratory frequency kept within normal range for cattle, despite dyspnea observed since twentieth hour. Clinical course duration was 28 ± 9 hours and, even though these clinical alterations are common to other diseases, it can be judged that the speed and order of appearing are determinant factors in differential diagnosis.Com o objetivo de descrever o quadro clínico de envenenamento crotálico em bovinos, cinco fêmeas, mestiças, com idade variando entre dois e três anos, foram inoculadas com veneno crotálico do tipo crotamina positivo. A dose foi de 0,03 mg/kg de peso vivo. Os animais apresentaram, cronologicamente, o seguinte quadro clínico: na 2ª hora de evolução, apatia, cabeça baixa, letargia profunda e edemaciação discreta no local da inoculação; na 6ª hora, o edema local desapareceu e mioclonias foram observadas nas grandes massas musculares; na 10ª hora, houve diminuição do tônus muscular, de reflexos superficiais, aparecimento de incoordenação motora e decúbito esternal; na 14ª hora, observaram-se movimentos de "pedalagem" e diminuição da sensibilidade profunda; na 16ª hora, paralisia flácida dos membros pélvicos; e, na 20ª hora, surgiram dispnéia, sialorréia e morte de todos os animais. A temperatura retal não se alterou até a 20ª hora, porém, a partir daí, ocorreu diminuição constante até a morte. A freqüência respiratória se manteve dentro da faixa de valores normais para bovinos, apesar da dispnéia observada ao atingir a 20ª hora. A duração do curso clínico foi de 28 ± 9 horas e, muito embora estas alterações clínicas sejam comuns a outras doenças, julga-se que a rapidez e a ordem com que aparecem seja um fator determinante no diagnóstico diferencial

Gossypol Promotes Degeneration of Ovarian Follicles in Rats

The present study aimed to determine if gossypol interferes with ovarian follicles in rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were assigned to two equal groups: one control group and the other dosed with gossypol (25 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) for 15 days. Ovarian follicles were histologically classified according to the stage of development and as normal or atretic. Gossypol treatment reduced the length of estrous with an increase in the duration of the diestrus phase. This compound was responsible for reduced serum levels of T4 and progesterone. Treatment with gossypol was responsible for a significant reduction in the number of normal ovarian follicles and a significant increase in the number of atretic follicles, both in all stages of development. Thus, treatment of rats with gossypol was responsible for reduction in the number of viable follicles and changes in hormone levels that resulted in interference of the estrous cycle

Salts of the anti-HIV drug lamivudine with phthalic and salicylic acids

Salts of the anti-HIV drug lamivudine, with phthalic acid and salicylic acid as counterions, were investigated in this study. Neither the packing of the (lamivudine)(+)(phthalic acid)(-) ion pairs nor the conformation of the lamivudine moiety itself were similar to those found in other multicomponent molecular salts of the drug, such as hydrogen maleate and saccharinate ones, even though all three salts crystallize in the same P2(1)2(1)2(1) orthorhombic space group with similar unit cell metrics. Lamivudine salicylate assumes a different crystal structure to those of the hydrogen maleate and saccharinate salts, crystallizing in the P2(1) monoclinic space group as a monohydrate whose (lamivudine)(+)(salicylic acid)(-) ion pair is assembled through two hydrogen bonds with cytosine as a dual donor to both oxygens of the carboxylate, such as in the pairing of lamivudine with a phthalic acid counterion. In lamivudine salicylate monohydrate, the drug conformation is related to the hydrogen maleate and saccharinate salts. However, such a conformational similarity is not related to the intermolecular interaction patterns. Lamivudine and water molecules alternate into helical chains in the salicylate salt monohydrate.Brazilian Research Council CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico)Brazilian Research Council CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) [472623/2011-7 - Universal 14/2011

Evaluation of rat plasma proteins after bothropic venom inoculation and treatment with Mesenquimal stem cells

The aim of this work was to evaluate the mesenchymal stem cells treatment of rats with myonecrosis caused by Rhinocerophis alternatus venom through acute phase proteins (APP) profile. The animals were distributed into three experimental groups (G1, G2 and G3). G1 and G2 were inoculated with 120 μg of R. alternatus venom diluted in 200 µL of ultra-pure water in gastrocnemic muscle, while G3 received 200 µL of ultra-pure water. Three days after, G1 was treated with 5 X 10(6) MSC diluted in PBS and G2 and G3 only with PBS. Each three days after the treatments (3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th 15th days), blood of five animals in each group was collected in order to evaluate the APP. A decrease (P<0.05) in α2-globulin fraction was observed in G1 on the 6th day. In G1 and G2, a raise (P<0.05) was observed in β globulin, a common occurrence in the late phases of inflammatory process, although no significant difference was observed between them. Concerning gamma globulins levels, on the 6th day after the treatments, in G1 and G2 groups, increase in the levels was observed. These data showed that the MSC treatment after bothropic envenomation in the rats caused alteration in APP

Toxicity Effects of Toad (Rhinella jimi Stevaux, 2002) Venom in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)

This study aimed to evaluate the pathological changes that occur after administering different doses of R. jimi (Stevaux, 2002) parotoid glands secretion to Gallus gallus domesticus chicks. Twenty-three animals were used in this study and were divided into 5 groups that received a toad venom dose of 0, 3.0 mg/kg, 6.0 mg/kg, 10.0 mg/kg, and 25.0 mg/kg. After 48 h, the necropsy and pathological examinations were performed. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in any group. Macroscopically, hepatomegaly, areas of liver necrosis, splenomegaly, necrotic and hemorrhagic cardiac regions, hydropericardium, dark necrotic lesions of Meckel’s diverticulum, and hemorrhages in the lungs and kidneys were detected. Histopathological changes included diffuse vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, severe sinusoidal congestion, focal areas of hemorrhage in the parenchyma, swollen cardiac fibers, necrotic myocardial fibers, moderate to acute diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium, necrosis of renal tubules, and extensive hemorrhagic areas below the brain and cerebellar meninges. In conclusion, pathological changes of the R. jimi toxins in chicks were noted in the heart, spleen, liver, Meckel’s diverticulum, lungs, and kidneys. Most of the changes were similar to those observed in humans and animals exposed to toxins from other toad species

Quadro clínico do envenenamento crotálico experimental em bovinos (Crotalus durissus terrificus - crotamina positivo)

Com o objetivo de descrever o quadro clínico de envenenamento crotálico em bovinos, cinco fêmeas, mestiças, com idade variando entre dois e três anos, foram inoculadas com veneno crotálico do tipo crotamina positivo. A dose foi de 0,03 mg/kg de peso vivo. Os animais apresentaram, cronologicamente, o seguinte quadro clínico: na 2ª hora de evolução, apatia, cabeça baixa, letargia profunda e edemaciação discreta no local da inoculação; na 6ª hora, o edema local desapareceu e mioclonias foram observadas nas grandes massas musculares; na 10ª hora, houve diminuição do tônus muscular, de reflexos superficiais, aparecimento de incoordenação motora e decúbito esternal; na 14ª hora, observaram-se movimentos de "pedalagem" e diminuição da sensibilidade profunda; na 16ª hora, paralisia flácida dos membros pélvicos; e, na 20ª hora, surgiram dispnéia, sialorréia e morte de todos os animais. A temperatura retal não se alterou até a 20ª hora, porém, a partir daí, ocorreu diminuição constante até a morte. A freqüência respiratória se manteve dentro da faixa de valores normais para bovinos, apesar da dispnéia observada ao atingir a 20ª hora. A duração do curso clínico foi de 28 ± 9 horas e, muito embora estas alterações clínicas sejam comuns a outras doenças, julga-se que a rapidez e a ordem com que aparecem seja um fator determinante no diagnóstico diferencial