77 research outputs found
Oxygen stoichiometry, conductivity and gas sensing properties of BaSnO3
BaSnO3 powder loses a small amount of oxygen in air at high temperatures leading to significant changes in its electronic conductivity. At 1300 Β°C, it has the stoichiometry BaSnO2.9999. The oxygen deficiency can be preserved by quenching to room temperature but the oxygen loss is reversible and reoxidation commences above about 300 Β°C. The n-type conductivity of the quenched material at 300 Β°C, 1 Γ 10β5 ohmβ1 cmβ1, is four orders of magnitude higher than that of the same fully oxidised, slow-cooled material. Oxygen-deficient BaSnO3 shows rapid sensitivity to an increase in oxygen partial pressure; it is also sensitive to moisture and then shows proton conductivity
Effect of Zinc Oxide Modification by Indium Oxide on Microstructure, Adsorbed Surface Species, and Sensitivity to CO
Additives in semiconductor metal oxides are commonly used to improve sensing behavior of gas sensors. Due to complicated effects of additives on the materials microstructure, adsorption sites and reactivity to target gases the sensing mechanism with modified metal oxides is a matter of thorough research. Herein, we establish the promoting effect of nanocrystalline zinc oxide modification by 1β7 at.% of indium on the sensitivity to CO gas due to improved nanostructure dispersion and concentration of active sites. The sensing materials were synthesized via an aqueous coprecipitation route. Materials composition, particle size and BET area were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption isotherms, high-resolution electron microscopy techniques and EDX-mapping. Surface species of chemisorbed oxygen, OH-groups, and acid sites were characterized by probe molecule techniques and infrared spectroscopy. It was found that particle size of zinc oxide decreased and the BET area increased with the amount of indium oxide. The additive was observed as amorphous indium oxide segregated on agglomerated ZnO nanocrystals. The measured concentration of surface species was higher on In2O3-modified zinc oxide. With the increase of indium oxide content, the sensor response of ZnO/In2O3 to CO was improved. Using in situ infrared spectroscopy, it was shown that oxidation of CO molecules was enhanced on the modified zinc oxide surface. The effect of modifier was attributed to promotion of surface OH-groups and enhancement of CO oxidation on the segregated indium ions, as suggested by DFT in previous work
Specifics personalized approach in the analysis of medical information
In this article suggest some new approaches to solving the problems of medical data analysis and their personalization. To accomplish this was proposed to create a decision support system to the execution of sequence stages of analysis of patient's data. The main stages of development and design of decision support systems that enable to make decomposition of control process and describe the relationship between input and output control flows. Applying the theory of decision trees during construction of decision trees of decision support system is due to the formation of a sequence of questions asked by the doctor when searching an individual approach when choosing a treatment. Decision tree creates a hierarchical structure of rules. This approach allows you to present the logic of sequence issues by doctor in solving the medical problem history and it makes possible to simulate decision making process by physician when selecting treatment scheme. Search the target value of output of decision medical support system makes it possible to select top of graph system that is located with more probability on the best way to the target. Important step in addressing the process of personalizing treatment schemes is estimated function that is based on Bayes theorem. Weight of occurrence next event corresponds to the highest value of the posterior probability of occurrence of the next state, given the time-dependent input parameters. Proposed improved method of decision-making for personalization standard schemes by modifying the method of decision-making based on decision trees considering relationship between the input parameters and evaluation function and result of its works is a personalized therapeutic scheme of treatment. It analyzed the quantitative results of applying the proposed method and existing for determining personalized schemes
Nanocrystalline LaCoO3 Modified by Ag Nanoparticles with Improved Sensitivity to H2S
Nanocrystalline LaCoO3 was synthesized by sol-gel method and functionalized by Agnanoparticles via impregnation [...
ΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ£ ΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ
Purpose.The railways of Ukraine have been operated the locomotives, which are both morally and physically obsolete. Therefore, to ensure the competitiveness of rail transport it is necessary to update the locomotive fleet, and first of all the fleet of electric locomotives, because electrified railways provide the greater part of passenger and freight traffic. In this connection it is of special importance to determine the optimum parameters of the nominal mode of electric rolling stock. The purpose of the work is to examine the features of solution of these problems with respect to electric locomotives. Methodology. Assuming that the limit values of traction force are determined by the conditions of wheel-rail grip, then the power of the nominal mode can be represented as the product of rated speed, estimated friction coefficient, train weight and the coefficients that represent the ratio of the estimated (starting) value of traction force to value of traction force the nominal mode and the ratio of the mass of the locomotive to the train weight. Since the mass of the train is not a constant value, there is always a surplus power of the locomotive fleet required for the mastering of a predetermined volume of transportations. Reduced overcapacity of the locomotive fleet can be achieved by introduction of the locomotives of different power, designed for driving trains of different weight that will result in increased completeness of the power use but also in difficulty in selecting of locomotives for trains in operation. The paper shows the method of calculating the optimum values of power, speed and traction force of the nominal mode. It presents the mathematical model of the relationship of traction rate, excessive capacity and power of the traction unit. Findings.It is proved that the power of the traction unit, the total fleet power requirement and the excess of power in absolute units are proportional to the speed of the nominal mode. To reduce the total power of the fleet when selecting the optimum power of the traction unit it is necessary to take into consideration the speed of the nominal mode, defined by the condition of minimization of power consumption for traction, i.e. the smallest value that enables the implementation of the given running speed and the powerredundancy level required for operation. Originality. It consists in the development of a unified algorithm for determining the optimal parameter values of the nominal mode of passenger, freight and freight-passenger electric locomotives. Practical value. The authors determined the minimization costs during production, acquisition and maintenance of electric locomotives, whose nominal mode parameters are designed according to the above procedure.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ° ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ
Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊ ΠΈ, Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΊ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΅Π·Π΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ (ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ) ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΊ. Π‘Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΅Π·Π΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΅Π·Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ, ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ³Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. Π£Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ° Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΡΡ
Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ»Ρ. Π’ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊ Ρ, Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Ρ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ², ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ. Π Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡ Π· ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²βΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π―ΠΊΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π° Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° Π· ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡ
Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ° Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ·Π΄Π° ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ (ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ) ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°. ΠΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ, ΡΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
Π·Π°Π²ΠΆΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π² Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ² ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ·Π΄ΡΠ² ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π°Π»Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ·Π΄ΡΠ² Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ. Π ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ, Π½Π°Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ, ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠ±Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΉ Π½Π°Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ, Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π° ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΌΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ³Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡ
Ρ ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. Π£Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³Π°Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ². ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΌΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π±Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ², ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π·Π³ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ
SELECTION OF RATIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE NOMINAL MODE ELECTRIC TRAINS WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRACTION DRIVE
Purpose. Parameters of the nominal mode are related to the most important performance indicators of traction means, therefore, the problems of choosing their optimal values always inevitably arise when forming technical requirements for a new rolling stock. The paper describes the features of solving the above-mentioned problems for electric trains with an asynchronous traction drive in the case of two-zone and three-zone frequency control of power. Methodology. Power of nominal mode of the rolling stock should be chosen in such a way that it would be possible to realize a predetermined travel time along in the section or the movement speed. On that basis, and also taking into account the fact that the important operational characteristics of electric trains include the acceleration value during the start-up and acceleration at the design speed, we will formulate the problem of determining the nominal power. In the task for a given range of traction, it is necessary to find such a value of the nominal mode power and the corresponding force value to ensure the ability to carry out transportations with the given level of average speed with minimal energy consumption for traction. At the same time, it is necessary to fulfill the following conditions: a) the speed of the electric train on the section does not exceed the established limits; b) it is possible to realize the given values of accelerations. A more detailed consideration of the problem shows that in real conditions, when the starting acceleration and the mass of the train are given, the problem of determining electric train power is practically reduced to determining the optimal value of the nominal mode speed. Findings. The task of choosing the optimal values of the nominal mode speed is solved by determining the electric power consumption with the variation of the possible values of starting speed. Therefore, only those values that ensure the implementation of the given starting and residual accelerations should be taken into account. The work shows that the traction force value increases with the design speed increase and other equal conditions, if the starting speed is increased. Originality. Authors developed the methodology for determining the optimal values of the nominal mode parameters of electric trains with an asynchronous traction drive, with two-zone and three-zone frequency power regulation. Practical value. The above mentioned methodology can be the basis when forming technical requirements for new rolling stock for Ukraineβs railways
Synergistic Effect of Surface Acidity and PtOx Catalyst on the Sensitivity of Nanosized Metal–Oxide Semiconductors to Benzene
Benzene is a potentially carcinogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) and its vapor must be strictly monitored in air. Metal–oxide semiconductors (MOS) functionalized by catalytic noble metals are promising materials for sensing VOC, but basic understanding of the relationships of materials composition and sensors behavior should be improved. In this work, the sensitivity to benzene was comparatively studied for nanocrystalline n-type MOS (ZnO, In2O3, SnO2, TiO2, and WO3) in pristine form and modified by catalytic PtOx nanoparticles. Active sites of materials were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed techniques using probe molecules. The sensing mechanism was studied by in situ diffuse-reflectance infrared (DRIFT) spectroscopy. Distinct trends were observed in the sensitivity to benzene for pristine MOS and nanocomposites MOS/PtOx. The higher sensitivity of pristine SnO2, TiO2, and WO3 was observed. This was attributed to higher total concentrations of oxidation sites and acid sites favoring target molecules’ adsorption and redox conversion at the surface of MOS. The sensitivity of PtOx−modified sensors increased with the surface acidity of MOS and were superior for WO3/PtOx. It was deduced that this was due to stabilization of reduced Pt sites which catalyze deep oxidation of benzene molecules to carbonyl species
BUILDING THE MICRO-LEVEL COMPOSITE MATERIALS STRUCTURE MODELS IN THE PROBLEMS OF THEIR OPTIMAL DESIGN
ΠΠ°Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ², ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, Π· Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ², Π·Π°Π²Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊ ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ², ΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Ρ Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏ'ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ.ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.Further development is appropriate to the main microlevel composite materials models building methods by their algorithms decomposition and implementation in software, which uses high-performance technology of parallel and distributed computing. The main difference is the exclusion of the composite materials structure discretization phase, due to its direct usage as a finite element mesh, which allows simplifying the calculation and significantly reduces their number. The examples of simulation on ordinary personal computers configuration are shown
THE ANALYSIS OF ANALYTICAL FUNCTIONS FOR APPROXIMATIVE DO-ALL MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTIC OF DIRECT β CURRENT AND UNDULATED β CURRENT TRACTION MOTORS
A number of functions for approximating the universal magnetic curve and its derivatives, their accuracy and conformity to the requirements put forward by the authors have been studied
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