Plantes médicinales utilisées dans le traitement traditionnel du paludisme à Bamako (Mali)

Le paludisme constitue un problème de santé publique à Bamako et l’utilisation des plantes dans sa prise en charge est fréquente. Cependant beaucoup de menaces pèsent sur ces plantes à cause de plusieurs facteurs dont leur méconnaissance d’où la nécessité de les connaitre pour améliorer leur gestion et leur conservation. Une enquête ethnobotanique a été conduite à Bamako d’Août 2012 à Novembre 2012. Les résultats ont montré que 52 espèces reparties dans 48 genres, 24 familles sont utilisées. Les familles les plus représentées étaient les Caesalpiniaceae, les Rubiaceae, les Combretaceae, les Euphorbiaceae et les Fabaceae. Cette flore était dominée surtout par les espèces africaines et pantropicales. Le type biologique le plus nombreux était constitué par les phanérophytes. Les feuilles constituaient la partie la plus utilisée, la préparation la plus utilisée était la décoction. Les résultats de cette étude pourront ainsi contribuer à la connaissance exhaustive des plantes à visée antipaludique et à une valorisation de la médecine traditionnelle Malienne.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Paludisme, plantes médicinales, ethnobotanique, BamakoEnglish Title: Medicinal plants used in traditional treatment of malaria in Bamako (Mali)English AbstractMalaria is a public health problem in Bamako and the use of plants in its management is common. However many threats to these plants were observed because of several factors including their lack of the need to know them to improve their management and conservation. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in Bamako from August 2012 to November 2012. The results showed that 52 species distributed in 48 genera, 24 families are used. The most represented families were Caesalpiniaceae, Rubiaceae, the Combretaceae,  Euphorbiaceae and Fabaceae. This flora was dominated mostly by African and pan-tropical species. The largest biological type was made by phanerophytes. The leaves are the most used part of the most common preparation was the decoction. The results of this study could contribute to the comprehensive knowledge of plants with antimalarial properties and valorization of traditional Malian medicine.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Malaria, medicinal plants, ethnobotany, Bamak

Evaluation de la qualité botanique, physicochimique, phytochimique et de l’activité anti-radicalaire de la pulpe de fruits des échantillons de Ziziphus mauritiana Lam (Rhamnaceae), récoltés au Mali

Au Mali, Ziziphus mauritiana est une plante alimentaire et médicinale utilisée dans la  prévention et la prise en charge de la malnutrition. Ce travail rentrait dans le cadre de la valorisation des plantes alimentaires avec comme objectif, l’évaluation de la qualité botanique, physicochimique, phytochimique et de l’activité anti radicalaire des fruits de Ziziphus mauritiana largement consommés au Mali. Les fruits analysés ont été achetés dans les régions de Mopti, Nioro, Ségou et Sikasso. Les caractères macroscopiques, organoleptiques et granulométriques ont été examinés en se basant sur les organes de sens tandis que les éléments microscopiques étaient observés au microscope. Les éléments physicochimiques et phytochimiques ont été déterminés en utilisant des méthodes standards de laboratoire. L’activité anti radicalaire a été évaluée en utilisant le test de réduction du radical DPPH par CCM. Les résultats ont montré que les échantillons récoltés dans différentes localités présentent globalement les mêmes caractères botaniques, physicochimiques, phytochimiques et une activité antiradicalaire. Ces caractères peuvent servir d’éléments de contrôle des fruits de Ziziphus mauritiana en vue de son utilisation pour la prévention et la prise en charge de la malnutrition.   In Mali, Ziziphus mauritiana is a food and medicinal plant used in the prevention and management of malnutrition. For the valorization of food plants, the objective of this work was to evaluate the botanical, physicochemical, phytochemical quality and the antiradical activity of the fruits of Ziziphus mauritiana widely consumed in Mali. The analyzed fruits were purchased in the regions of Mopti, Nioro, Ségou and Sikasso. The macroscopic, organoleptic and granulometric characters were examined based on the sense organs while the microscopic elements were observed under the microscope. Physicochemicals and phytochemicals were determined using standard methods. The anti-radical activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical reduction test by TLC. The results showed that the samples collected in different localities generally present the same botanical, physicochemical, phytochemical characters and an antiradical activity. These characters can serve as fruit control elements of Ziziphus mauritiana in view to its use for the prevention and management of malnutrition

Method development of extraction and identification of Nitidine, (Benzophenanthridine alkaloid) from the barks of Fagara chalybea

Objective: Fagara chalybea is an important medicinal plant belonging to the family Rutaceae. The plant is well known for its anti-malarial, anti-microbial and  anti-cancerous activity, which has been attributed to the presence of  benzophenanthridine alkaloid nitidine in the plants. The present work aims to develop a method of Nitidine extraction and Identification from the bark of Fagara chalybea Engl.Methodology and results: A simple, rapid and sensitive HPLC method has been developed for the qualitative determination of nitidine in the dried bark of Fagara chalybea after extraction. The calculated yield is 2.28%. The retention time of nitidine in the methanol was 27.639 min, and then this time was 27.393 nm in dichloromethane. The limit of detection and limit of quantization were found to be 2.18 and 7.29 Cg/mL respectively, the correlation coefficient was 0.998.Conclusion and application of results: The application of this method to the analyses of nitidine after extraction proved that the method is sensitive enough to detect low levels of analyses. To value traditional medicine, this method can be used as a tool for quality control of botanicals herbal formulations.Key words: Nitidine, HPLC, Fagara chalybea, Malaria

Antioxidant activity study and total phenolic determination of leaf extracts of Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae) an antitumor plant used traditionally in Mali. Madani

Objectives: Most of the currently used anticancer drugs are highly toxic and expensive. There is a continuing need to identify new drugs that are more effective and less toxic. Plants are an important source of potentially useful compounds for the development of new anticancer drugs.Methodology and results: This work was used to study the antioxidant activity of two extracts of Ximenia americana (Tallow wood) by the methods of ABTS•+ and DPPH using ascorbic acid as standard. It determined the rate of total phenolic in these extracts by the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method using Gallic acid as standard. The extracts inhibited the absorbance of DPPH• depending concentrations attesting that extracts of this plant contains antioxidants. The calculated IC50 are 2.78 and 4.05 ;g/mL for ethanolic and aqueous extracts respectively with DPPH•. Phenolic rates are 43.10; 41; 2 mg/mL respectively for alcoholic and aqueous extracts.Conclusion and application of results: Future studies can be oriented on the isolation and identification of compounds involved in an anti-cancerous activity. The knowledge of this plant could be used to build an appropriate conservation strategy for this specie.Keywords: Medicinal plants, ABTS•+, DPPH, Total phenolic, Cance

Comparative Study of the Composition of Aqueous Extracts of Green Tea (Camellia Sinensis) in Total Alkaloids, Total Flavonoids, Total Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity With the Leaves of Combretum Glutinosum, Combretum Micranthum and the Red Pulps of Hibiscus Sabdariffa

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is by far the most consumed beverage in the world after water. This consumption is mainly due to its antioxidant properties and its secondary metabolites richness. In Senegal, tea is consumed, but also herbal teas, including Combretum glutinosum, Combretum micranthum, for breakfast or Hibiscus sabdariffa, as a drinking juice.The purpose of this study is to compare green tea with these herbal teas in term of secondary metabolites content and antioxidant activity.The plant material used consists of leaves Camellia sinensis, Combretum glutinosum, Combretum micranthum, and red pulp of Hibiscus sabdariffa. These different parts of plants were dried and then ground into fine powder before being extracted by infusion and then concentrated the infuser in a dry rotary evaporator.The dry extracts are used for the quantitative determination of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols and the antioxidant activity by the ABTS method.On the different plant extracts tested, the leaves of Combretum glutinosum are richer than all the other plants studied here in terms of alkaloids, flavonoids and polyphenols with concentrations of 6.96 μg/mg, 134.94 μg/mg and 374.50 μg/mg of dry extracts. In flavonoids, leaves of C. Glutinosum are followed by the red pulp of Hibiscus sabdariffa with 1.626 μgQE/mg. The latter is also the poorest in flavonoids and polyphenols compared to Camellia sinensis and leaves of C. Micranthum with respective concentrations of 107.90μgQE/mg and 97.70 μgQE/mg in flavonoids and 258.50 μgGAE/mg 223.50 μgGAE/mg of polyphenols.With regard to the antioxidant activity, C. Glutinosum are most active with an IC50 of 6.101 μg/ml followed by tea with 6.713 μg/ml at the moment when C. Micranthum and Hibiscus sabdariffa had respectively IC50s of 6.727 and 11.76 μg/ml