10 research outputs found
Human Metapneumovirus Infection among Children Hospitalized with Acute Respiratory Illness
Recent studies have associated human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection in children with respiratory disease of similar severity as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. We studied 668 banked swab specimens (one per admission) collected from a population-based, prospective study of acute respiratory illness among inpatient children from two U.S. cities. Specimens were tested for HMPV, RSV, influenza, and parainfluenza viruses by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assays. Twenty-six (3.9%) were positive for HMPV; 125 (18.7%) for RSV; 45 (6.7%) for parainfluenza 1, 2, or 3; and 23 (3.4%) for influenza. HMPV-positive children were significantly older than RSV-positive children. HMPV-positive children required medical intensive care and received supplemental oxygen in similar frequencies to RSV-positive children. Among children hospitalized with respiratory illness, the incidence of HMPV infection was less than RSV, but clinical disease severity mirrored that of RSV infection. Further investigations to better characterize HMPV infection and its clinical effect are needed
Estimating Influenza Hospitalizations among Children
Two surveillance systems gave a better estimate of influenza hospitalizations in children <5 years of age than either system alone
Human rhinovirus species associated with hospitalizations for acute respiratory illness in young US children
Background: The contribution of human rhinovirus (HRV) to severe acute respiratory illness (ARI) is unclear.Objective: To assess the association between HRV species detection and ARI hospitalizations.Methods: Children (ie, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, and influenza virus) by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and genetic sequencing identified HRV species and types. HRV species detection was compared between controls and patients hospitalized during months in which controls were enrolled.Results: A total of 1867 children with 1947 ARI hospitalizations and 784 controls with 790 clinic visits were enrolled and tested for HRV. The HRV-A detection rate among participants ≥24 months old was 8.1% in the hospitalized group and 2.2% in the control group (P = .009), and the HRV-C detection rates among those ≥6 months old were 8.2% and 3.9%, respectively (P = .002); among younger children, the detection rates for both species were similar between groups. The HRV-B detection rate was ≤1%. A broad diversity of HRV types was observed in both groups. Clinical presentations were similar among HRV species. Compared with children infected with other viruses, children with HRV detected were similar for severe hospital outcomes and more commonly had histories or diagnoses of asthma or wheezing.Conclusions: HRV-A and HRV-C were associated with ARI hospitalization and serious illness outcomes
Adherence to guidelines for respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis among infants with prematurity or chronic lung disease in three United States counties
Among infants with prematurity and/or chronic lung disease for whom respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis is recommended, we examined adherence in infants enrolled during healthcare visits for acute respiratory illness in 3 U.S. counties from 2001 to 2007. Immunoprophylaxis among infants who met national criteria for prophylaxis increased from 33% to 83% over the 6-year period; 17% (11/65) of infants who received immunoprophylaxis did not meet eligibility criteria
Adherence to Guidelines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunoprophylaxis Among Infants With Prematurity or Chronic Lung Disease in Three United States Counties
Among infants with prematurity and/or chronic lung disease for whom respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis is recommended, we examined adherence in infants enrolled during healthcare visits for acute respiratory illness in 3 US counties from 2001 to 2007. Immunoprophylaxis among infants who met national criteria for prophylaxis increased from 33% to 83% over the 6-year period; 17% (11/65) of infants who received immunoprophylaxis did not meet eligibility criteria