Effects of a feeding strategy to increase intramuscular fat content of pork under the conditions of organic farming

In an ongoing study, the effect of the implementation of a specific feeding strategy using a high portion of home-grown grain legumes on the intramuscular fat (IMF) content of pork, is assessed under different conditions on organic farms in Germany and Austria. Preliminary results indicate that variation in the IMF content seems to be higher between farms than between treatments within each farm

Foreign accent syndrome: A typological overview

Foreign Accent Syndrome (FAS) is a motor speech disorder which causes patients to speak their native language with an accent different from speakers belonging to the same language community: the patient lacks the ability to make the phonemic and phonetic contrasts of his/her native language and demonstrates suprasegmental alterations which cause listeners to perceive the accent as distinctly ‘foreign’. In 1982, Whitaker proposed 4 diagnostic criteria for FAS: 1) the accent is considered by the patient, acquaintances and investigators as foreign, 2) it is unlike the patient’s accent before the insult, 3) the accent is clearly related to central nervous system damage, 4) there is no evidence in the patient’s background of him/her being a speaker of a foreign language (pp. 197- 198). Although FAS of “acquired neurogenic origin” is the most common variant of the disorder, there exists a “developmental”, “psychogenic” and “mixed variant” as well (Verhoeven and Mariën, 2010). In FAS of neurogenic origin the foreign accent is incited by a lesion affecting the central nervous system, often a stroke or brain trauma. However, FAS has also been attested in relation to MS (Villaverde-Gonzalez et al., 2003), tumor (Masao et al., 2011; Tomasino et al., 2013; Abel et al., 2009), as well as other pathologies affecting the CNS. Developmental FAS can be regarded as a subtype of neurogenic FAS; only here it is developmental in nature, affecting speech as it develops. In the psychogenic variant, a psychological/psychiatric disorder incites FAS, whereas the mixed variant is originally neurogenic in nature, but the accent change has such a profound effect on the patient’s psychological status that he/she internalizes it by further developing the accent in order ‘to create a more “believable” personality’ (Verhoeven and Mariën 2010, p. 600

VARIASI DIAMETER NOSEL DAN KETINGGIAN PENYIRAMAN MENGGUNAKAN IRIGASI CURAH (SPRINKLER IRRIGATION) TERHADAP PEMADATAN TANAH

The objective of this research was to find out the best combination of nozzle diameter and height of watering of the soil compaction by considering of irrigation spraying efficiency which is best to be determined to value Coefficient of Uniformity and Distribution of Uniformity. This research was done by applying the water to irrigation area in time needed to each treatment in order to soil compaction. The research used description method followed by tabulation and graphical presentations with two factors (A and B) and two replications. Factor A was the nozzle diameter (1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm) and factor B was the height of watering (1 m, 1½ m, 2 m). The observed data were include water content (%), bulk density (g/cm3), soil compaction (%), coefficient of uniformity (%) and distribution of uniformity (%). The result showed that the highest value of water content was 69.66% (D3T1) which is the treatment with combination of nozzle diameter by 3 mm and height of watering by 1 m and the lowest of water content was 46.20% (D1T3) which is the treatment with combination of nozzle diameter by 1 mm and height of watering by 2 m. The treatment with combination of nozzle diameter 3 mm and height of watering by 2 m (D3T3), was the best treatment with bulk density 1.338 g/cm3, porosity 31,53%, the soil compaction 26.001%, coefficient of uniformity 80.51%, distribution of uniformity 74.14%. In reality, combination between of nozzle diameter and height of water did not have a value of Uniformity Coefficient (?85%) and Uniformity Distribution (?75%).Keywords: Nozzle, Sprinkler irrigation, Soil compaction, Uniformity Coefficient , Uniformity Distributio

Far-Term Exploration of Advanced Single-Aisle Subsonic Transport Aircraft Concepts

Far-term single-aisle class aircraft concepts for potential entry-into-service of 2045 were investigated using an Interactive Reconfigurable Matrix of Alternatives (IRMA) approach. The configurations identified through this design space exploration were then distilled into three advanced aircraft concepts best characterizing the prominent features identified through the IRMA exploration. These three aircraft concepts were then configured and sized for a 150-passenger capacity and a 3,500 nautical mile design mission. Mission block fuel burn was estimated and compared to a far-term conventional configuration baseline concept and a 2005 l. These comparisons suggest considerable potential improvements in fuel efficiency from the investigated advanced concepts

Vehicle-Level System Impact of Boundary Layer Ingestion for the NASA D8 Concept Aircraft

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vehicle-level impact of a boundary layer ingestion (BLI) propulsion system on a commercial transport aircraft concept. The NASA D8 (ND8) aircraft was chosen as the BLI concept aircraft to be studied. A power balance methodology developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was adapted for use with the existing NASA sizing and performance tools to model the fuel consumption impact of BLI on the ND8. A key assumption for the BLI impact assessment was a 3.5% efficiency penalty associated with designing a fan for and operating in the distorted flow caused by BLI. The ND8 was compared to several other ND8-like aircraft that did not utilize BLI in order to determine the fuel consumption benefit attributable to BLI. Analytically turning off BLI on the ND8 without accounting for the physical requirements of redirecting the boundary layer or resizing the aircraft to meet the performance constraints resulted in a 2.8% increase in block fuel consumption to fly the design mission. When this non-physical aircraft was resized to meet the performance constraints, the block fuel consumption was 4.0% greater than the baseline ND8. The ND8 was also compared to an ND8-like aircraft with conventionally podded engines under the wing. This configuration had a 5.6% increase in block fuel consumption compared to the baseline ND8. This result is more reflective of the real world impact if BLI is not an available technology for the ND8 design. The BLI benefit results presented for this study should not be applied to other aircraft that have a propulsion-airframe integration design or BLI implementation different from the ND8

The Odor Specificities of a Subset of Olfactory Receptor Neurons Are Governed by Acj6, a POU-Domain Transcription Factor

AbstractLittle is known about how the odor specificities of olfactory neurons are generated, a process essential to olfactory coding. We have found that neuronal identity relies on the abnormal chemosensory jump 6 (acj6) gene, originally identified by a defect in olfactory behavior. Physiological analysis of individual olfactory neurons shows that in acj6 mutants, a subset of neurons acquires a different odorant response profile. Certain other neurons do not respond to any tested odors in acj6. Molecular analysis of acj6 shows that it encodes a POU-domain transcription factor expressed in olfactory neurons. Our data suggest that the odor response spectrum of an olfactory neuron, and perhaps the choice of receptor genes, is determined through a process requiring the action of Acj6

Environmental control of social goals: Using Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer to test cue-based pro-self and pro-social outcome responses

A large amount of literature demonstrates that social behaviour can be triggered by environmental cues. A long-standing debate involves the question of whether such stimuli trigger behaviour directly (i.e. habits) or whether these effects mediate goals. As studies on automatic goal pursuit typically use real-world cues that are already associated with the behaviour and potentially the goal, it is impossible to make strong claims about the nature of the effects. In the present paper, we use a paradigm inspired by the Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) literature to examine how the environment can trigger goal-directed behaviour. Building on the essence of pro-self and pro-social motives in humans, two experiments explored the PIT effect when the outcomes were framed in terms of self- versus other-interest. Participants performed actions to earn money for themselves or a charity. Each outcome was linked to a different cue. The results showed that a cue predictive of self-interest outcomes facilitated responses instrumental in gaining the outcome, while such specific PIT effect for other-interest outcomes only emerged when participants were free to donate the money. We briefly discuss these findings reflecting on whether the PIT effect in our paradigm is indeed sensitive to the value of social goals