Perfil de sensibilidade de Staphylococcus spp. e Streptococcus spp. isolados de brinquedos de brinquedoteca de um hospital de ensino

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the presence of microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus on toys in the playroom of a teaching hospital, as well to as analyze the antimicrobial from the isolated strains.MethodsSamples were collected from 60 toys, using wet swabs, soon after being used by the children. The samples were inoculated in enriched and selective agar for isolation and later identification of the microorganisms. Antibiogram testing was performed by agar diffusion technique.ResultsThe genus Staphylococcus was present in 87.0% (52/60) of the toys. Seventythree strains were isolated, with 29.0% (21/73) coagulase-positive and 71.0% (52/73) coagulase-negative. Among the coagulase-negative strains, 90.4% were resistant to penicillin, 65.4% to oxacillin, 28.8% to clarithromycin, 61.5% to clindamycin, and none to vancomycin. Among the coagulase-positive strains, 76.2% were resistant to penicillin, 23.8% to oxacillin, 23.8% to clarithromycin, 47.6% to clindamycin, and none to vancomycin. The genus Streptococcus was not detected in any of the evaluated toys.ConclusionsToys can be contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria with antimicrobial resistance, representing a possible source of nosocomial infection for patients who are already debilitated

Sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. isolated from toys used in a teaching hospital playroom* *Study conducted at Instituto Básico de Biociências da Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brazil.

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the presence of microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus and Streptococcus on toys in the playroom of a teaching hospital, as well to as analyze the antimicrobial resistance from isolated strains.MethodsSamples were collected from 60 toys, using wet swabs, soon after being used by the children. The samples were inoculated in enriched and selective agar for isolation and later identification of the microorganisms. Antibiogram testing was performed by agar diffusion technique.ResultsThe genus Staphylococcus was present in 87.0% (52/60) of the toys. Seventy-three strains were isolated, with 29.0% (21/73) coagulase-positive and 71.0% (52/73) coagulase-negative. Among the coagulase-negative strains, 90.4% were resistant to penicillin, 65.4% to oxacillin, 28.8% to clarithromycin, 61.5% to clindamycin, and none to vancomycin. Among the coagulase-positive strains, 76.2% were resistant to penicillin, 23.8% to oxacillin, 23.8% to clarithromycin, 47.6% to clindamycin, and none to vancomycin. The genus Streptococcus was not detected in any of the evaluated toys.ConclusionsToys can be contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria with antimicrobial resistance, representing a possible source of nosocomial infection for patients who are already debilitated

Detecção de anticorpo anticoração em camundongos Balb/c imunizados com Streptococcus mutans

Anticorpos para antígenos cardíacos foram analisados por ELISA em 14 soros de camundongos Balb/c hiperimunizados com Streptococcus mutans, inativado pelo formaldeído. Os níveis de anticorpos da classe IgG anticoração e antimiosina elevaram-se significativamente nos animais imunizados quando comparados com os controles, especialmente no grupo A, imunizado e reestimulado com antígenos solúveis de S. mutans. Neste grupo, os resultados do "Western Blot" mostraram reatividade com miosina cardíaca e uma banda de 35 kDa. A análise histológica dos corações dos animais do grupo B, imunizado e reestimulado com antígenos de superfície do microrganismo, demonstrou a presença de degeneração celular, tipo hidrópica e hialina e focos inflamatórios constituídos de linfócitos e macrófagos no miocárdio e pericárdio. Os resultados deste trabalho reforçam a hipótese da existência de mimetismo antigênico entre tecido cardíaco e S. mutans e chamam a atenção para o risco de desenvolvimento de anticorpos reativos com antígenos próprios induzidos por vacina anticárie com componentes estreptocócicos.Heart-reactive antibodies were examined by ELISA, in sera from 14 Balb/c mice immunized with Streptococcus mutans inactivated by treatment with formaldehyde. Anti-heart and anti-myosin IgG levels increased significantly in the sera from immunized mice, when compared with those of control sera, especially in the first group, inoculated with a new antigen preparation. This group displayed a notable reactivity with cardiac myosin and cardiac tissue proteins in Western-blotting, mainly with a 35 kDa peptide. The histological analysis of immunized animals’ cardiac tissue demonstrated the existence of cell injury and eosinophilia attributable to cellular hyaline change. The pericardium and the myocardium showed inflammatory infiltrate formed by lymphocytes and macrophages. These findings suggest the existence of molecular mimicry between S. mutans and the cardiac tissue and emphasize the risk of development of an autoimmune myocarditis induced by caries vaccine containing streptococcal fractions

Análise da atividade inibitória de óleo essencial de Citrus Aurantifolia sobre Candida Albicans

Citurs Aurantifolia (C. aurantifolia), conhecida popularmente por Lima da Pérsia, vem sendo usada na medicina popular como antimicrobiano, entre outros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a atividade inibitória do óleo essencial de C. aurantifolia sobre C. albicans. Discos de papel foram embebidos com 0,05 mL de óleo essencial de C. aurantifolia e colocados para secar em estufa 50 ºC por 24 h. Após reativação, cada cepa de C. albicans (n=25) foi suspendida em solução salina esterilizada (106 céls/mL) e, com auxílio de pipeta esterilizada, 0,1mL das suspensões foram transferidas para placas de agar Müller-Hinton. Com uma pinça cada disco foi colocado no centro da placa. Depois de incubadas a 37 ºC por 24h, a leitura foi realizada observando-se a presença ou ausência de halo de inibição. Não houve halo de inibição para nenhuma das cepas testadas. O óleo essencial de C. aurantifolia não demonstrou potencial inibitório sobre C. albicans

Immunization of Balb/c mice with modified auto-antigens for induction of autoimmune sialoadenitis

Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by sialoadenitis and elevated titers of autoantibodies. To assess whether it is possible to induce inflammatory changes in salivary gland tissues, a series of immunizations in Balb/c mice have been undertaken, using salivary gland extract, modified or not, added to several adjuvants. Mice's humoral immune response to salivary gland antigens was monitored by ELISA. Inflammatory cells infiltrating gland tissue were seen 3 months after immunization with salivary gland extract modified with pepsin (AgGp) and metaperiodate (AgGMp). Although pathological progression was not observed, the histopathological picture was similar to the initial phase of Sjögren's syndrome. In addition, a monoclonal antibody reactive with 3 gland polypeptides and anhydrase carbonic II was rescued among B cells from immunized mice. Thus, immunizations with modified autoantigens were able to initiate pathological damage to glandular tissue and stimulate the proliferation of auto-reactive B cells