SO phase-dependent stimulus processing.

<p>Reliable differences are indicated with: * P<0.025; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001. (A) Differential stimulus-evoked waveforms for up (blue) and down (red) state presented sound stimuli for frontal channel Fz. (B) Early stimulus-evoked theta power did not differ reliably between up- and down-targeted stimuli. (C) Late spindle/beta power was higher for up-targeted sounds than for down-targeted stimuli across the entire scalp, reaching significance in a right fronto-temporal area (electrodes Fp2, F8, FC6, T8, AF8, F6 and FT8), and a left parietal region (P7 and PO7).</p

Time-frequency power difference plots for frontal electrode Fz.

<p>Conceptually, panels A-C are similar to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0101567#pone-0101567-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a> A-C. (A) Up-targeted minus down-targeted sound presentation reveals an early enhancement in spindle power in the up state. (B) Up-targeted stimulus delivery compared with fake-up events results in an initial theta response, followed by a later spindle/beta response. (C) Similarly, down-targeted sounds elicit theta and spindle/beta activity relative to fake-down events.</p

SO phase-dependent stimulus processing.

<p>Reliable differences are indicated with: * P<0.025; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001. (A) Differential stimulus-evoked waveforms for up (blue) and down (red) state presented sound stimuli for frontal channel Fz. (B) Early stimulus-evoked theta power did not differ reliably between up- and down-targeted stimuli. (C) Late spindle/beta power was higher for up-targeted sounds than for down-targeted stimuli across the entire scalp, reaching significance in a right fronto-temporal area (electrodes Fp2, F8, FC6, T8, AF8, F6 and FT8), and a left parietal region (P7 and PO7).</p

Stimulus-related time-frequency power responses during wakefulness for central channel Cz.

<p>Responses to sounds originally presented in the SO up state (A), down state (B), and to sounds not previously played during sleep (C).</p

Event-related potentials during wakefulness to novel sounds and to sounds previously presented in SO up and down states.

<p>Responses to these three conditions were highly similar across frontal (A), central (B) and posterior (C) channels.</p

Heat maps of clusters showing significantly modulated power relative to baseline during wakefulness.

<p>Indicated is the number of channels involved at each time-frequency point. Black box indicates window of interest used for averaging. (A) Cluster showing extent of early theta increase. Window from 5 - 14 Hz, and 50–300 ms. (B) Cluster showing extent of medium-latency alpha decrease. Window from 7–15 Hz, and 500–800 ms. (C) Cluster showing extent of late gamma decrease. Window from 55–75 Hz, and 750–1100 ms.</p

Slow oscillations coordinate network activity

<p>This is the supplementary movie material to the article <em>"Slow oscillations during sleep coordinate interregional communication in cortical networks</em>", published in The Journal of Neuroscience 34(50): 16890-16901 (2014).</p> <p>Movie 1 - Spatiotemporal power dynamics in the spindle range for posterior SOs. Right: scalp plot showing power difference (up > down) in the 13 - 19 Hz range. Seed electrode in blue and electrodes showing significant differences at each time step indicated in black. Top left: average up- and down-centered waveforms. Bottom left: number of channels showing significantly different spindle power between conditions at each time step.</p> <p>Movie 2 - Spatiotemporal power dynamics in the gamma range for central SOs. Similar to Movie 1, only for the central seed electrode (green) and the 25 - 35 Hz gamma range.</p> <p>Movie 3 - Spatiotemporal phase synchrony dynamics in the spindle range for anterior SOs. Right: scalp plot showing difference in spindle (13 - 17 Hz) phase synchrony (up > down), between every electrode and anterior seed electrode (red). Other panels conceptually similar to Movies 1 and 2.</p

Heat maps of clusters showing significantly elevated power relative to baseline.

<p>Indicated is the number of channels involved at each time-frequency point. Black box indicates window of interest used for averaging. (A) Cluster showing extent of early theta response. Window from 5–10 Hz, and 200–800 ms. (B) Cluster showing extent of late spindle/beta response. Window from 11–27 Hz, and 700–1200 ms.</p

Circular histograms showing algorithm performance for up- (blue) and down-targeted (red) sound stimuli, both within single subjects and across all trials (right).

<p>Arrows indicate average phase angle; 90 degrees corresponds to the peak of the up state, 270 degrees to the trough of the down state.</p

Correlations between stressor-induced emotional responses and sleep architectural alterations in the ensuing night.

<p>All: all subjects; LSQR: low sleep quality responders; HSQR: high sleep quality responders.</p>*<p>Indicates the correlation is statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons.</p