Stéatose hépatique non-alcoolique et exercice

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

La pratique de l’ergothérapie en milieu scolaire au Québec

Des études ont démontré l’efficacité de l’ergothérapie en milieu scolaire. Or, une faible implantation de ces services au Québec est remarquée, attribuable à une méconnaissance de cette pratique professionnelle. Afin de mieux comprendre l’offre de services d’ergothérapie en milieu scolaire au Québec, une étude descriptive a été réalisée. Cinquante-trois ergothérapeutes exerçant en milieu scolaire ont rempli un questionnaire électronique. Les services d’ergothérapie en milieu scolaire au Québec seraient surtout disponibles dans la région de Montréal et organisés selon un modèle de services traditionnel. Mettre en place un modèle de services collaboratif permettrait de mieux répondre aux besoins des élèves

Riluzole partially restores RNA polymerase III complex assembly in cells expressing the leukodystrophy-causative variant POLR3B R103H

Abstract The mechanism of assembly of RNA polymerase III (Pol III), the 17-subunit enzyme that synthesizes tRNAs, 5 S rRNA, and other small-nuclear (sn) RNAs in eukaryotes, is not clearly understood. The recent discovery of the HSP90 co-chaperone PAQosome (Particle for Arrangement of Quaternary structure) revealed a function for this machinery in the biogenesis of nuclear RNA polymerases. However, the connection between Pol III subunits and the PAQosome during the assembly process remains unexplored. Here, we report the development of a mass spectrometry-based assay that allows the characterization of Pol III assembly. This assay was used to dissect the stages of Pol III assembly, to start defining the function of the PAQosome in this process, to dissect the assembly defects driven by the leukodystrophy-causative R103H substitution in POLR3B, and to discover that riluzole, an FDA-approved drug for alleviation of ALS symptoms, partly corrects these assembly defects. Together, these results shed new light on the mechanism and regulation of human nuclear Pol III biogenesis

La pratique de l’ergothérapie en milieu scolaire au Québec

Des études ont démontré l’efficacité de l’ergothérapie en milieu scolaire. Or, une faible implantation de ces services au Québec est remarquée, attribuable à une méconnaissance de cette pratique professionnelle. Afin de mieux comprendre l’offre de services d’ergothérapie en milieu scolaire au Québec, une étude descriptive a été réalisée. Cinquante-trois ergothérapeutes exerçant en milieu scolaire ont rempli un questionnaire électronique. Les services d’ergothérapie en milieu scolaire au Québec seraient surtout disponibles dans la région de Montréal et organisés selon un modèle de services traditionnel. Mettre en place un modèle de services collaboratif permettrait de mieux répondre aux besoins des élèves.Studies have shown the efficacy of school-based occupational therapy. However, these services remain little implemented in Quebec, related to a misunderstanding of this professional practice. In order to better understand the occupational therapy services offered in Quebec schools, a descriptive study was carried out. Fifty-three occupational therapists working in a school environment completed an electronic questionnaire. Occupational therapy services would be mainly available in Montreal, using a traditional service delivery model. They are mostly organized with a traditional delivery model and offered in special classes. Implementing a collaborative delivery model would allow a better response to the needs of students

Atrial natriuretic peptide regulates lipid mobilization and oxygen consumption in isolated human adipocytes by activating AMPK

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) regulates cardiovascular function. ANP has also been shown to regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism providing a possible link between cardiovascular function and metabolism by mediating the switch from carbohydrate to lipid mobilization and oxidation. ANP exerts a potent lipolytic effect via cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK)-I dependent activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Activation of the ANP/cGK signaling cascade also promotes muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and fat oxidation. Here we demonstrate that ANP regulates lipid metabolism and oxygen utilization in differentiated human adipocytes by activating the AMPK pathway. ANP treatment increased lipolysis by seven fold and oxygen consumption two fold, which were attenuated by inhibition of AMPK activity. More importantly, ANP-induced lipolysis is mediated by the alpha2 subunit of AMPK as introduction of dominant-negative alpha2 subunit of AMPK attenuated ANP effects on lipolysis. ANP-induced activation of AMPK enhanced mitochondrial oxidative capacity as evidenced by a two fold increase in oxygen consumption and induction of mitochondrial genes, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1a) by 1.4-fold, cytochrome C (CytC) by 1.3-fold, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) by 1.4-fold. Treatment of human adipocytes with fatty acids and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) induced insulin resistance and downregulation of mitochondrial genes, which was restored by ANP treatment. These results show that ANP regulates lipid catabolism and enhances energy dissipation through AMPK activation