Correspondance entre les représentations d'attachement et les schémas précoces inadaptés à l'éveil et dans les rêves chez les jeunes de 8 à 16 ans et leurs mères

Les modèles opérants internes d’attachement (MOIs) et les schémas précoces inadaptés (SPIs) sont deux concepts qui partagent un rationnel très similaire. Leur rapprochement empirique a toutefois été négligé durant l’enfance et l’adolescence, moment clé de leur émergence. De plus, bien qu’ils proviennent d’interactions précoces et théoriquement hors du champ de perception, leur évaluation ne s’effectue qu’à l’état conscient (éveil). Possiblement, les MOIs et les SPIs pourraient être évalués via l’analyse des rêves, dont le rappel fiable se déploie durant l’enfance. La présente thèse vise à répondre à ces questions de recherche. Un premier article scientifique explore les liens entre l’attachement et les SPIs chez des jeunes et leurs mères, leur transmission intergénérationnelle et les associations croisées entre l’attachement et les SPIs, de la mère à l’enfant. Au total, 23 jeunes âgés de 8 à 16 ans (M = 12,1 ans; ÉT = 2,0) et 21 mères ont pris part aux entrevues d’attachement (Child Attachment Interview, Adult Attachment Interview) et ont rempli les questionnaires des schémas (Schema Inventory for Children, Young Schema Questionnaire–Short form 3). Des corrélations avec bootstrap révèlent que la sécurité d’attachement des jeunes est liée à des SPIs touchant l’inhibition émotionnelle et les exigences élevées (r = 0,435 à 0,565). À l’inverse, l’insécurité d’attachement (type préoccupé) des mères est associée à plusieurs scores de SPIs (r = 0,449 à 0,584). Également, plusieurs SPIs de la mère sont associés négativement à l’« idéalisation » (insécurité de type détaché) chez le jeune (r = -0,504 à -0,617). Enfin, des corrélations intraclasses montrent une correspondance intergénérationnelle pour plusieurs SPIs théoriquement issus de l’insécurité d’attachement (domaine « séparation et rejet »). Le deuxième article explore la correspondance éveil-rêves respective des MOIs et des SPIs dans l’échantillon d’enfants et d’adolescents (n = 19). Les participants ont rapporté leur rêve le plus récent (en laboratoire) et ont enregistré leurs rêves quotidiens à la maison pendant 14 jours. Les rêves recueillis ont permis de valider deux grilles de codification, l’une mesurant les représentations d’attachement (GARO-MOI), l’autre les SPIs (GARO-SPI), dans les rêves des jeunes (bonnes fidélités interjuges). Des corrélations avec bootstrap révèlent que des échelles associées à la sécurité d’attachement à l’éveil sont liées à des scores oniriques d’insécurité d’attachement (détaché et préoccupé). Ajoutant à ces résultats, une analyse de regroupements (cluster analysis) révèle que les rêves se regroupent selon différentes stratégies d’attachement (p. ex., préoccupation, détachement, sécurité) et qu’un score élevé aux échelles du CAI associées à la sécurité (vs à l’insécurité) implique une association avec un regroupement de rêves. Pour les SPIs, les corrélations avec bootstrap révèlent des associations inverses entre les scores d’éveil et les scores oniriques du domaine « altération de l’autonomie et de la performance » (r = -0,473 à -0,693). En conclusion, les liens MOIs-SPIs semblent sous-tendus par des enjeux développementaux d’autonomie et de compétence scolaire chez les jeunes. La transmission intergénérationnelle des SPIs se centre sur une thématique d’attachement et cible les SPIs maternels comme des pistes d’intervention potentielles dans la relation mère-enfant. Finalement, les résultats appuient l’hypothèse de compensation des rêves au regard des MOIs et des SPIs chez les jeunes

High-throughput short sequence typing schemes for pseudomonas aeruginosa and stenotrophomonas maltophilia pure culture and environmental DNA

ABSTRACT: Molecular typing techniques are utilized to determine genetic similarities between bacterial isolates. However, the use of environmental DNA profiling to assess epidemiologic links between patients and their environment has not been fully explored. This work reports the development and validation of two high-throughput short sequence typing (HiSST) schemes targeting the opportunistic pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, along with a modified SM2I selective medium for the specific isolation of S. maltophilia. These HiSST schemes are based on four discriminative loci for each species and demonstrate high discriminating power, comparable to pairwise whole-genome comparisons. Each scheme includes species-specific PCR primers for precise differentiation from closely related taxa, without the need for upstream culture-dependent methods. For example, the primers targeting the bvgS locus make it possible to distinguish P. aeruginosa from the very closely related Pseudomonas paraeruginosa sp. nov. The selected loci included in the schemes are adapted to massive parallel amplicon sequencing technology. An R-based script implemented in the DADA2 pipeline was assembled to facilitate HiSST analyses for efficient and accurate genotyping of P. aeruginosa and S. maltophilia. We demonstrate the performance of both schemes through in silico validations, assessments against reference culture collections, and a case study involving environmental samples

Importance of proximity to resources, social support, transportation and neighborhood security for mobility and social participation in older adults: results from a scoping study

Background: Since mobility and social participation are key determinants of health and quality of life, it is important to identify factors associated with them. Although several investigations have been conducted on the neighborhood environment, mobility and social participation, there is no clear integration of the results. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding regarding how the neighborhood environment is associated with mobility and social participation in older adults.Methods: A rigorous methodological scoping study framework was used to search nine databases from different fields with fifty-one keywords. Data were exhaustively analyzed, organized and synthesized according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) by two research assistants following PRISMA guidelines, and results were validated with knowledge users.Results: The majority of the 50 selected articles report results of cross-sectional studies (29; 58 %), mainly conducted in the US (24; 48 %) or Canada (15; 30 %). Studies mostly focused on neighborhood environment associations with mobility (39; 78 %), social participation (19; 38 %), and occasionally both (11; 22 %). Neighborhood attributes considered were mainly 'Pro ducts and technology' (43; 86) and 'Services, systems and policies' (37; 74 %), but also 'Natural and human- made changes' (27; 54 %) and 'Support and relationships' (21; 42 %). Mobility and social participation were both positively associated with Proximity to resources and recreational facilities, Social support, Having a car or driver's license, Public transportation and Neighborhood security, and negatively associated with Poor user-friendliness of the walking environment and Neighborhood insecurity. Attributes of the neighborhood environment not covered by previous research on mobility and social participation mainly concerned 'Attitudes', and 'Services, systems and policies'.Conclusion: Results from this comprehensive synthesis of empirical studies on associations of the neighborhood environment with mobility and social participation will ultimately support best practices, decisions and the development of innovative inclusive public health interventions including clear guidelines for the creation of age-supportive environments. To foster mobility and social participation, these interventions must consider Proximity to resources and to recreational facilities, Social support, Transportation, Neighborhood security and User-friendliness of the walking environment. Future studies should include both mobility and social participation, and investigate how they are associated with 'Attitudes', and 'Services, systems and policies' in older adults, including disadvantaged older adults

Importance of proximity to resources, social support, transportation and neighborhood security for mobility and social participation in older adults: results from a scoping study

ABSTRACT: Background: Since mobility and social participation are key determinants of health and quality of life, it is important to identify factors associated with them. Although several investigations have been conducted on the neighborhood environment, mobility and social participation, there is no clear integration of the results. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding regarding how the neighborhood environment is associated with mobility and social participation in older adults.Methods: A rigorous methodological scoping study framework was used to search nine databases from different fields with fifty-one keywords. Data were exhaustively analyzed, organized and synthesized according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) by two research assistants following PRISMA guidelines, and results were validated with knowledge users.Results: The majority of the 50 selected articles report results of cross-sectional studies (29; 58 %), mainly conducted in the US (24; 48 %) or Canada (15; 30 %). Studies mostly focused on neighborhood environment associations with mobility (39; 78 %), social participation (19; 38 %), and occasionally both (11; 22 %). Neighborhood attributes considered were mainly 'Pro ducts and technology' (43; 86) and 'Services, systems and policies' (37; 74 %), but also 'Natural and human- made changes' (27; 54 %) and 'Support and relationships' (21; 42 %). Mobility and social participation were both positively associated with Proximity to resources and recreational facilities, Social support, Having a car or driver's license, Public transportation and Neighborhood security, and negatively associated with Poor user-friendliness of the walking environment and Neighborhood insecurity. Attributes of the neighborhood environment not covered by previous research on mobility and social participation mainly concerned 'Attitudes', and 'Services, systems and policies'.Conclusion: Results from this comprehensive synthesis of empirical studies on associations of the neighborhood environment with mobility and social participation will ultimately support best practices, decisions and the development of innovative inclusive public health interventions including clear guidelines for the creation of age-supportive environments. To foster mobility and social participation, these interventions must consider Proximity to resources and to recreational facilities, Social support, Transportation, Neighborhood security and User-friendliness of the walking environment. Future studies should include both mobility and social participation, and investigate how they are associated with 'Attitudes', and 'Services, systems and policies' in older adults, including disadvantaged older adults

A High-Throughput Short Sequence Typing Scheme for Serratia marcescens Pure Culture and Environmental DNA

Molecular typing methods are used to characterize the relatedness between bacterial isolates involved in infections. These approaches rely mostly on discrete loci or whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyses of pure cultures. On the other hand, their application to environmental DNA profiling to evaluate epidemiological relatedness among patients and environments has received less attention. We developed a specific, high-throughput short sequence typing (HiSST) method for the opportunistic human pathogen Serratia marcescens. Genes displaying the highest polymorphism were retrieved from the core genome of 60 S. marcescens strains. Bioinformatics analyses showed that use of only three loci (within bssA, gabR, and dhaM) distinguished strains with a high level of efficiency. This HiSST scheme was applied to an epidemiological survey of S. marcescens in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In a first case study, a strain responsible for an outbreak in the NICU was found in a sink drain of this unit, by using HiSST scheme and confirmed by WGS. The HiSST scheme was also applied to environmental DNA extracted from sink-environment samples. Diversity of S. marcescens was modest, with 11, 6, and 4 different sequence types (ST) of gabR, bssA, and dhaM loci among 19 sink drains, respectively. Epidemiological relationships among sinks were inferred on the basis of pairwise comparisons of ST profiles. Further research aimed at relating ST distribution patterns to environmental features encompassing sink location, utilization, and microbial diversity is needed to improve the surveillance and management of opportunistic pathogens. IMPORTANCE Serratia marcescens is an important opportunistic human pathogen, often multidrug resistant and involved in outbreaks of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units. Here, we propose a quick and user-friendly method to select the best typing scheme for nosocomial outbreaks in relating environmental and clinical sources. This method, named high-throughput short sequence typing (HiSST), allows to distinguish strains and to explore the diversity profile of nonculturable S. marcescens. The application of HiSST profile analysis for environmental DNA offers new possibilities to track opportunistic pathogens, identify their origin, and relate their distribution pattern with environmental features encompassing sink location, utilization, and microbial diversity. Adaptation of the method to other opportunistic pathogens is expected to improve knowledge regarding their ecology, which is of significant interest for epidemiological risk assessment and elaborate outbreak mitigation strategies

Teleworking to Support Accommodation, Inclusion, and Health of Aging Workers: Protocol for a Study to Design, Validate, and Test a Reflective Application Guide

BackgroundAging workers constitute a growing population in many countries and form an indispensable and qualified resource, especially in the context of the labor shortage. Despite work’s many benefits for individuals, organizations, and societies, it also presents several risks and challenges that may lead to occupational injuries. Thus, rehabilitation professionals and managers working with this emerging and unique clientele during their return to work after an absence often lack the tools and skills to support them, especially in the changing world of work that includes the rise of telework. Indeed, as an increasingly present work arrangement, telework has the potential to be used as an accommodation modality that can facilitate inclusion and healthy participation in the workplace. However, the implications of this topic for aging workers require study. ObjectiveThis paper presents the protocol of a study that aims to develop a reflective telework application guide to support the accommodation, inclusion, and health of aging workers after an absence from work. Specifically, this study will (1) explore the experience of aging workers, managers, and rehabilitation professionals regarding telework and its impact on accommodation, inclusion, and health; (2) use a validated logic model to design a reflective application guide; and (3) test and evaluate the guide. MethodsFollowing a 3-phase developmental research design, individual interviews with aging teleworkers, managers, and rehabilitation professionals will enable the collection of qualitative data to be used in generating a logic model of levers and good practices, leading to the creation of a reflective application guide. Validation of this guide by workers and managers to measure its acceptability and applicability in daily life will precede its implementation. ResultsData collection began in spring 2023 and initial results are expected in fall 2023. This study aims to generate a concrete tool—namely, the reflective telework application guide—that rehabilitation professionals could use to support managers and aging workers during their return to work through the healthy use of telework. All phases of the study include conducting dissemination activities to share the results of the project and increase its sustainability potential (ie, publication through social networks, podcasts, conferences, and scientific publications). ConclusionsAs the first of its kind, this project aims to produce innovative impacts at several levels, including practical, scientific, and societal impacts. In addition, the results will provide healthy solutions to the labor shortage in a changing world of work, where digital and teleworking are becoming increasingly important. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/4611