Assessment of Adult Human Exposure to Phthalate Esters in the Urban Centre of Paris (France)

International audienceHuman exposure to phthalates was assessed through digestive and respiratory intakes. Six phthalates (DMP, DEP, DnBP, BBP, DEHP, DnOP) were investigated in drinking water, in current foodstuff and in ambient air. Digestive intake was prevailing (92 %) with a major contribution of food (95.5 %). Phthalate intake from water was mainly due to bottled water (60 %) in spite of the minor volume absorbed daily. From the respiratory tract, it was dominated by DEP: 30.3 ng kg(-1) bw day(-1) and the part played by indoor air prevailed. Total intake were as ng kg(-1) bw day(-1), for DEHP: 1458, DnBP: 191.8, BBP: 164.3, DEP: 107.7, DMP: 79.1

Triazines in the Marne and the Seine Rivers (France) Longitudinal Evolution and Flows

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Origin and distribution of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorobiphenyls in urban effluents to wastewater treatment plants of the paris area (FRANCE)

International audiencePolyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), were investigated in urban effluents to wastewater treatment plants in the Paris area (France), under different meteorological conditions. The Achères plant was considered with special attention because of its particular features. Wastewater PAH concentration level was 6 fold higher than that of PCBs. In March, PCB concentrations did not vary whatever the meteorological conditions whereas, for PAHs, they were markedly higher during rainy episodes. In September, concentrations of both pollutants increased due to rainy weather. The rise was 30 fold stronger for PAHs. Daily fluxes displayed the same trends. This suggests that the contribution of atmospheric wet deposition to wastewater contamination prevails for PCBs. In contrast, PAHs appeared to originate mainly from urban runoff processes

Occurrence of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Phthalates in Freshwater Fish From the Orge River (Ile-de France)

International audiencePolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and phthalates were investigated from July 2009 to April 2010 in three fish species from the Orge river, which flows in a densely populated area of Ile-de-France. In two Cyprinidae (roach and chub) and one Percidae (perch), muscle contents in increasing order ranged as follows: 12-18 ng g(-1) dw for PBDEs (I tri-hepta) pound, 120-170 ng g(-1) dw for PCBs (I 7) pound, and 2,250-5,125 ng g(-1) dw for phthalates (I 7) pound. No variation was observed between contaminant contents and lipid levels. No biomagnification was found according to the trophic level for PBDEs and PCBs, whereas for phthalates the highest contents were found in perch. Seasonal variations were observed with the lowest PBDE and PCB contents occurring in July after spawning in roach and perch (p liver > muscle-whatever the period. For PCBs, gonad and liver contents remained greater than that of muscle (p liver > muscle. The biota-sediment accumulation factors varied from 0.1 to 29.2, from 1.6 to 4.8, and from 1 to 123.5 for PBDEs, PCBs, and phthalates, respectively. These results contribute to document the use of freshwater fish as bioindicators of river quality

Organohalogenated Micropollutants: Polybrominated Disphenyl Ether (PBDE) Contamination Gradient of the Seine River in France

The Spatio-temporal variability of the Seine River contamination by organic micropollutants such as Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was investigated in three sites downstream and upstream of Paris between February and November 2010. The mean concentrations of Σ tri-hepta BDE observed at Marnay-Sur-Seine (upstream Paris) are 2.7 times lower than those measured at Bougival-Sur-Seine (downstream Paris), while this ratio is equal to 1.8 for BDE-209. Besides, close concentrations are observed at both downstream sites. The concentration gradient was also observed for PBDE concentrations in sediments collected with particle traps. The PBDE temporal evolution was related to particulate organic matter content which is controlled by river flow variations between February to November. The variation in fluxes of these pollutants seems to result from a regular contribution (case of Bougival and Triel-Sur-Seine) and of a diffuse contribution, case of Marnay-Sur-Seine

A multi-residue method for analysis of various endocrine disruptors in ambient air: application to urban habitats.

International audienceHuman activities involve the emission of a multitude of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) in ambient air, pollutants recognized as endocrine disruptors (ED). In order to improve knowledge of ED transfer in air, a multi-residue method of sampling and analysis of micropollutants was developed. The study of gaseous and particulate phase contamination of ambient air focused upon 58 organic molecules originating from industrial synthesis: plasticizers, flame retardants, surfactants, bactericides, organochlorinated compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Their identification and quantification were performed using the following devices: dynamic air sampling, analysis of gaseous and particulate phases separately by gas or liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer. The instrumental detection limits were less than 1 pg for all compounds and therefore a limit of quantification around 1 pg.m-3 for gaseous and particulate phases when a indoor air volume of 150 m3 is collected, except for phthalates, phenol compounds and BDE-209. Satisfactory recoveries were found except for phenol compounds. That method was successfully applied to several outdoor samples (urban, suburban, forest) and indoor air samples (office, apartment and day nursery). Most of the targeted compounds were quantified and occurred mainly in the gaseous phase. The most abundant compounds were phthalates (> 918 ng.m-3 in total air), followed by alkylphenols > PCBs > parabens > BPA > PAHs > PBDEs. ED compounds are ubiquitous in the air of all habitats, with concentrations in indoor air almost always higher than in outdoor air, due to confinement, human activities and potential sources that will be specifie

A multi-residue method for characterization of endocrine disruptors in gaseous and particulate phases of ambient air

International audienceA number of semi-volatile compounds occur in indoor air most of them being considered as potent endocrine disruptors and thus, exerting a possible impact upon health. To assess their concentration levels in indoor air, we developed and validated a method for sampling and multi-residue analysis of 58 compounds including phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybromodiphenylethers (PBDEs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), parabens, bisphenol A (BPA) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in gaseous and particulate phases of air. We validated each step of procedures from extraction until analysis. Matrice spiking were performed at extraction, fractionation and purification stages. The more volatile compounds were analyzed with a gas chromatography system coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) or with a tandem mass spectrometer (GC/MS/MS). The less volatile compounds were analyzed with a liquid chromatography system coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer (LC/MS/MS). Labeled internal standard method was used ensuring high quantification accuracy. The instrumental detection limits were under 1 pg for all compounds and therefore, a limit of quantification averaging 1 pg m(-3) for the gaseous and the particulate phases and a volume of 150 m(3), except for phthalates, phenol compounds and BDE-209. Satisfactory recoveries were found except for phenol compounds. That method was successfully applied to several indoor air samples (office, apartment and day nursery) and most of the targeted compounds were quantified, mainly occurring in the gaseous phase. The most abundant were phthalates (up to 918 ng m(-3) in total air), followed by PCBs > parabens > BPA > PAHs > PBDEs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Seasonal fate and gas/particle partitioning of semi-volatile organic compounds in indoor and outdoor air

International audienceFifty-eight semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) were investigated simultaneously in three indoor (apartment, nursery and office building) and one outdoor environment in the centre of Paris (France). All of these compounds except tetrabromobisphenol A were quantified in the gaseous and particulate phases in all three environments, and at a frequency of 100% for the predominant compounds of each SVOC class. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were the most abundant group (di-iso-butyl phthalate: 29–661 ng m−3, diethyl phthalate: 15–542 ng m−3), followed by 4-nonylphenol (1.4–81 ng m−3), parabens (methylparaben: 0.03–2.5 ng m−3), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (0.002–0.26 ng m−3) and pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) (0.001–0.23 ng m−3). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (as ∑8PAHs) ranged from 0.17 to 5.40 ng m−3, polychlorinated biphenyls (as ∑7PCBi) from 0.06 to 4.70 ng.m3 and polybromodiphenyl ethers (as ∑8PBDEs) from 0.002 to 0.40 ng m−3. For most pollutants, significantly higher concentrations were observed in the nursery compared to the apartment and office. Overall, the indoor air concentrations were up to ten times higher than outdoor air concentrations. Seasonal variations were observed for PAEs, PCBs and PAHs. SVOCs were predominantly identified in the gaseous phase (>90%), except for some high-molecular-weight PAEs, PAHs and PCBs

Occurrence of antibiotics in rural catchments

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Dynamique de circulation des contaminants dans le continuum atmosphère – sol – rivière

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