Evaluation of Glycemic and Lipid Profile of Offspring of Diabetic Wistar Rats Treated with Malpighia emarginata Juice

Knowing that maternal diabetes is related to hyperglycemia and fetal hyperinsulinemia, which affect the lipid metabolism, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Malpighia emarginata (acerola) juice on the glycemic and lipid profile of offspring of diabetic and nondiabetic Wistar rats. The adult offspring of non-diabetic dams and of dams with severe streptozotocin-induced diabetes were divided into groups: G1, offspring (of control dams) treated with water, G2, offspring (of diabetic dams) treated with water, G3, male offspring (of control dams) treated with acerola juice, and G4, male offspring (of diabetic dams) treated with acerola juice. The offspring of diabetic dams treated with acerola juice showed significantly decreased levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and increased HDL-c. The use of acerola juice is a potential strategy to aid in the prevention of DM and dyslipidemia and its complications or to act as an auxiliary in the treatment of these diseases

Metabolic Profile of Offspring from Diabetic Wistar Rats Treated with Mentha piperita (Peppermint)

This study aimed at evaluating glycemia and lipid profile of offspring from diabetic Wistar rats treated with Mentha piperita (peppermint) juice. Male offspring from nondiabetic dams (control group: 10 animals treated with water and 10 treated with peppermint juice) and from dams with streptozotocin-induced severe diabetes (diabetic group: 10 animals treated with water and 10 treated with peppermint juice) were used. They were treated during 30 days, and, after the treatment period, levels of glycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and fractions were analyzed in the adult phase. The offspring from diabetic dams treated with peppermint showed significantly reduced levels of glucose, cholesterol, LDL-c, and triglycerides and significant increase in HDL-c levels. The use of the M. piperita juice has potential as culturally appropriate strategy to aid in the prevention of DM, dyslipidemia, and its complications

Estudo da vida de prateleira da bebida mista de goiaba com água de coco, sem adição de sacarose e conservantes

: In the beverage industry, Brazil follows the worldwide trend of consuming healthy foods that offer health, convenience, innovation and pleasure. Therefore, the objective of this project was to study the stability of a guava and green coconut water drink, without sucrose and preservatives, bottled by thermal and aseptic processes, verifying its shelf life through physicochemical, microbiological and sensory analyzes for at least 17 days. The mixed beverage formulation was 35% guava pulp and 65% coconut water, two samples pasteurized at 90 °C/1 minute and packaged in glass (T90v) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (T90p), the third pasteurized sample at 98 °C/10 minutes was filled into glass (T98v) and the fourth untreated sample was filled into PET (Tnat). To study the shelf life of the four mixed guava and coconut water beverages, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, sugars and vitamin C, microbiological and sensory analyzes were performed. In the physicochemical analyzes the oscillations were low in the two days (5º e 17º) analyzed. The Tnat sample presented total coliform counts on the 17th day of storage, and the T90v, T90p and T98v samples did not count the microorganisms analyzed during the 17 days. Sensory analysis was performed only on the T90v and T90p samples, on the fifth and seventeenth day, and the T90v drink presented better sensory acceptance, regarding the aroma attribute and the overall evaluation, taste perceptions and purchase intention.Na indústria de bebidas, o Brasil acompanha a tendência mundial de consumo de alimentos saudáveis que oferecem saúde, conveniência, inovação e prazer. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a estabilidade de uma bebida de goiaba e água de coco verde, sem adição de sacarose e conservantes, envasada pelos processos térmico e asséptico, verificando sua vida de prateleira por meio de análises físico-químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais durante 17 dias. A formulação da bebida mista foi de 35% de polpa de goiaba e 65% de água de coco, sendo duas amostras pasteurizadas a 90 °C/1 minuto e envasadas em embalagens de vidro (T90v) e de polietileno tereftalato (PET) (T90p); a terceira amostra pasteurizada a 98 °C/10 minutos foi envasada em vidro (T98v); e a quarta amostra sem tratamento térmico foi envasada em PET (Tnat). Para o estudo da vida de prateleira das quatro bebidas mistas de goiaba e água de coco foram feitas análises de pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, açúcares e vitamina C, análises microbiológicas e sensoriais. Nas análises físico-químicas as oscilações foram pequenas nos dois dias (5º e 17º) analisados. A amostra Tnat apresentou contagem de coliformes totais no 17º dia de armazenamento, e as amostras T90v, T90p e T98v não obtiveram contagem dos micro-organismos analisados durante os 17 dias. Foi realizada a análise sensorial apenas das amostras T90v e T90p, no 5º e no 17º dias, sendo que a bebida T90v apresentou melhor aceitação sensorial quanto ao atributo aroma e à avaliação global, percepções de gostos e na intenção de compra

Desenvolvimento de programa computacional para delineamento em blocos completos casualizados com respostas multidimensionais e sua aplicação em ensaios agronômicos

O presente trabalho discute aspectos teóricos e práticos da análise de varncia multivariada (MANOVA) para o experimento em blocos completamente caslizados (EBCC). A discussão foi realizada considerando situações agronômicas enilvendo planejamento com dados experimentais provenientes de diversas variáveis obsrvadas na mesma parcela, ou sei a, a unidade experimental é composta de muitas variáveis respostas (multivariada). Considerando a dificuldade existente quanto a programas con;putacionajs acessíveis aos pesquisadores das áreas agronômicas, biológicas e da saúde, o ent ndimento da complexidade da estrutura de variância e covariância existente nas parcelas que em muitas situações experimentais são determinantes na análise, interpretação e discussão dos resuftdos, objetivou-se elaborar um programa computacional, em linguagem de alto nívi, de simples manuseio e fácil acesso a todos os pesquisadores das áreas aplicadas e, fin izar o procedimento, ilustrando a operacionalização do software e mostrando a contribuição do método no enriquecimento da discussão dos achados observacionais, considerando dados de cana-de-açúcar.The present work discusses theorical and practical aspects of multívariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for the experiment in complete randomized blok design. The discussion has been perforned considering agronomic situations involving data experimental planning from many variables observed on the sarne portion, that is ex:erimental unit is cornposed of several variable responses (multivariate). Taking into account (1) the difficuity in fiding and handling witl coiputer programs directed to researchers in the Agronomical, Biological and Health fields (2) the understanding of the cornplexity of both variance and covariance existing into th Portions - that, in many experimental situations are decisive in the analysis, interpretation anc djussjon of the results - it was aimed to elaborate a computer program, in high leve language, of simple handling and easy access to ali the applied areas researchers, and to finisl the rroced. illustrating the software Operatiflg through sugar carie data, showing its coflt bution to the discussion about the flnds that have been observed

Programa computacional para ajuste de curvas polinomiais em experimentos envolvendo dados longitudinais

O presente trabalho discutiu aspectos teóricos e práticos do comportamento da variável resposta nos diferentes grupos e condições de avaliação utilizando o Ajuste de Curvas de Crescimento, procedimento multivariado de análise de dados experimentais que possibilita fazer previsões sobre o comportamento médio da resposta para situações diferentes daquelas para as quais o estudo foi planejado, além de propiciar análise comparativa das curvas dos grupos de interesse. Considerando a dificuldade existente quanto a programas computacionais acessíveis a pesquisadores das áreas agronômicas, biológicas e da saúde, e a falta de entendimento da complexidade da estrutura de análise dos dados longitudinais, elaborou-se programa computacional em linguagem que permita ao usuário facilidade de manuseio, e torná-lo disponível, para pesquisadores das áreas aplicadas e, finalmente, discutir as vantagens do procedimento multivariado na preservação da estrutura de dependência dos dados em relação aos procedimentos convencionais utilizados na experimentação agronômica.The purpose of the present paper is to discuss theoretical and practical aspects of the behavior of response variables in different groups and evaluation conditions by using Growth Curves methodology. This methodology refers to a multivariate procedure of experimental data analysis that makes forecasts about the average behavior of the response variable for different situations from that for which the study was planned. In additien, the methodology enables comparative analysis of the curves between each of the experimental groups. Considering the lack of easy-use computer programs for researchers in the agronomical, biological and health fields, and the difficulty to understand the complexity of the data structure in longitudinal studies, a computer program will be proposed and written using high level language. The software will be of simple handling, easy access to researchers of applied areas and available. This work will also discuss the advantages of using the multivariate procedure of analysis compared to the conventional procedures commonly used in agronomic experimentation, related to the preservation of the structure of data dependence

Teaching elliptical excision skills to novice medical students: A randomized controlled study comparing low- and high-fidelity bench models

Background: The search for alternative and effective forms of training simulation is needed due to ethical and medico-legal aspects involved in training surgical skills on living patients, human cadavers and living animals. Aims : To evaluate if the bench model fidelity interferes in the acquisition of elliptical excision skills by novice medical students. Materials and Methods: Forty novice medical students were randomly assigned to 5 practice conditions with instructor-directed elliptical excision skills′ training (n = 8): didactic materials (control); organic bench model (low-fidelity); ethylene-vinyl acetate bench model (low-fidelity); chicken legs′ skin bench model (high-fidelity); or pig foot skin bench model (high-fidelity). Pre- and post-tests were applied. Global rating scale, effect size, and self-perceived confidence based on Likert scale were used to evaluate all elliptical excision performances. Results : The analysis showed that after training, the students practicing on bench models had better performance based on Global rating scale (all P 0.05) between the groups that trained on bench models. The magnitude of the effect (basic cutaneous surgery skills′ training) was considered large (>0.80) in all measurements. Conclusion : The acquisition of elliptical excision skills after instructor-directed training on low-fidelity bench models was similar to the training on high-fidelity bench models; and there was a more substantial increase in elliptical excision performances of students that trained on all simulators compared to the learning on didactic materials

Será que a fidelidade do modelo de bancada interfere na aquisição das habilidades de sutura por estudantes de medicina iniciantes na prática cirúrgica?

OBJETIVO: Embora vários modelos de bancada inanimados tenham sido descritos para o treinamento de habilidades de sutura, até o momento, não existe um método ideal para esse ensino e aprendizagem durante a formação médica. O objetivo foi avaliar se a fidelidade dos modelos de bancada interfere na aquisição de habilidades de sutura em estudantes de medicina iniciantes na prática cirúrgica. MÉTODOS: 36 estudantes de medicina sem exposição prévia a habilidades cirúrgicas foram randomizados em três grupos (n = 12): treinamento de suturas baseado em materiais didáticos (controle); treinamento de suturas em modelo de baixa-fidelidade (modelo de bancada de etileno vinil acetato); ou treinamento de suturas em modelo de alta-fidelidade (modelo de bancada de pele de pata de porco). Foram aplicados pré e pós-testes (realização de pontos simples e pontos subdérmicos invertidos em língua de boi). Três ferramentas (Global Rating Scale com avaliação cega, tamanho do efeito e autopercepção da confiança baseada em uma escala de Likert) foram utilizadas para mensurar todas as performances de sutura. RESULTADOS: A análise após o treinamento demonstrou que os estudantes que treinaram nos modelos tiveram um melhor (p < 0.0000) desempenho na avaliação pela Global Rating Scale, quando comparados com o controle, independente da fidelidade do modelo. A magnitude do efeito (treinamento) foi considerada grande (> 0.80) em todas as mensurações. Após o treinamento os alunos sentiram-se mais confiantes (p < 0.0000) para executarem os dois tipos de suturas. CONCLUSÃO: A aquisição de habilidades de suturas no modelo de baixa fidelidade foi semelhante à prática no modelo de alta fidelidade, sendo que a melhora no desempenho dos participantes que treinaram nesses dois modelos foi superior à aprendizagem baseada em materiais didáticos.OBJECTIVE: Although several inanimate bench models have been described for training of suture skills, so far, there is no ideal method for teaching and learning this skill during medical education. The aim was to evaluate whether bench model fidelity interferes in the acquisition of suture skills by novice medical students. METHODS: 36 medical students with no surgical skills' background (novices) were randomized to three groups (n = 12): theoretical suture training alone (control); low-fidelity suture training model (synthetic ethylene-vinyl acetate bench model); or high-fidelity suture training model (pig feet skin bench model). Pre- and post-tests were applied (performance of simple interrupted sutures and subdermal interrupted sutures on ox tongue). Three tools (Global Rating Scale with blinded assessment, effect size, and self-perceived confidence based on Likert scale) were used to measure all suture performances. RESULTS: The post-training analysis showed that the students that practiced on bench models (hands-on training) presented better (all p < 0.0000) performance in the Global Rating Scale evaluation, compared with the control, regardless of the model fidelity. The magnitude of the effect (training) was considered large (> 0.80) in all measurements. Students felt more confident (all p < 0.0000) to perform both types of sutures after training. CONCLUSION: The acquisition of suture skills on the low-fidelity bench model was similar to that of the high-fidelity bench model, and the increase in the performance of participants that received bench model training was superior to those who received training based on theoretical teaching materials

Training on synthetic ethylene-vinyl acetate bench model allows novice medical students to acquire suture skills Treinamento no modelo de bancada sintético de etileno vinil acetato permite que estudantes de medicina iniciantes na prática cirúrgica adquiram habilidades de sutura

PURPOSE: To assess the acquisition of suture skills by training on ethylene-vinyl acetate bench model in novice medical students. METHODS: Sixteen medical students without previous surgery experience (novices) were randomly divided into two groups. During one hour group A trained sutures on ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) bench model with feedback of instructors, while group B (control) received a faculty-directed training based on books and instructional videos. All students underwent a both pre-and post-tests to perform two-and three-dimensional sutures on ox tongue. All recorded performances were evaluated by two blinded evaluators, using the Global Rating Scale. RESULTS: Although both groups have had a better performance (p<0.05) in the post-test when compared with the pre-test, the analysis of post-test showed that group A (EVA) had a better performance (p<0.05) when compared with group B (control). CONCLUSION: The ethylene vinyl acetate bench model allowed the novice students to acquire suture skills faster when compared to the traditional model of teaching.<br>OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aquisição das habilidades de sutura com o treinamento no modelo de bancada de etileno vinil acetato em acadêmicos de medicina. MÉTODOS: Dezesseis estudantes de medicina iniciantes na prática cirúrgica foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Durante uma hora o grupo A treinou diferentes suturas no modelo de bancada de etileno vinil acetato (EVA) com feedback dos instrutores, enquanto os do grupo B (controle) receberam um treinamento dirigido por instrutor baseado em livros e vídeos didáticos. Todos foram submetidos à pré e pós-testes para realização de suturas bi e tridimensionais em língua de boi. As performances gravadas foram avaliadas por dois avaliadores cegos, utilizando a Global Rating Scale. RESULTADOS: Embora os dois grupos tenham apresentado um melhor desempenho (p<0.05) no pós-teste quando comparado com o pré-teste, a análise do pós-teste mostrou que os alunos do grupo A (EVA) tiveram um melhor desempenho (p<0.05) quando comparados com os do grupo B (controle). CONCLUSÃO: O modelo de etileno vinil acetato permitiu que os alunos adquirissem habilidades de sutura mais rapidamente quando comparado ao modelo tradicional de ensino

Training on synthetic ethylene-vinyl acetate bench model allows novice medical students to acquire suture skills

PURPOSE: To assess the acquisition of suture skills by training on ethylene-vinyl acetate bench model in novice medical students.METHODS: Sixteen medical students without previous surgery experience (novices) were randomly divided into two groups. During one hour group A trained sutures on ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) bench model with feedback of instructors, while group B (control) received a faculty-directed training based on books and instructional videos. All students underwent a both pre-and post-tests to perform two-and three-dimensional sutures on ox tongue. All recorded performances were evaluated by two blinded evaluators, using the Global Rating Scale.RESULTS: Although both groups have had a better performance (p<0.05) in the post-test when compared with the pre-test, the analysis of post-test showed that group A (EVA) had a better performance (p<0.05) when compared with group B (control).CONCLUSION: The ethylene vinyl acetate bench model allowed the novice students to acquire suture skills faster when compared to the traditional model of teaching.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aquisição das habilidades de sutura com o treinamento no modelo de bancada de etileno vinil acetato em acadêmicos de medicina. MÉTODOS: Dezesseis estudantes de medicina iniciantes na prática cirúrgica foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Durante uma hora o grupo A treinou diferentes suturas no modelo de bancada de etileno vinil acetato (EVA) com feedback dos instrutores, enquanto os do grupo B (controle) receberam um treinamento dirigido por instrutor baseado em livros e vídeos didáticos. Todos foram submetidos à pré e pós-testes para realização de suturas bi e tridimensionais em língua de boi. As performances gravadas foram avaliadas por dois avaliadores cegos, utilizando a Global Rating Scale. RESULTADOS: Embora os dois grupos tenham apresentado um melhor desempenho (p<0.05) no pós-teste quando comparado com o pré-teste, a análise do pós-teste mostrou que os alunos do grupo A (EVA) tiveram um melhor desempenho (p<0.05) quando comparados com os do grupo B (controle). CONCLUSÃO: O modelo de etileno vinil acetato permitiu que os alunos adquirissem habilidades de sutura mais rapidamente quando comparado ao modelo tradicional de ensino