Saliva cortisol in relation to aircraft noise exposure: pooled-analysis results from seven European countries

Background: Many studies have demonstrated adverse effects of exposure to aircraft noise on health. Possible biological pathways for these effects include hormonal disturbances. Few studies deal with aircraft noise effects on saliva cortisol in adults, and results are inconsistent. Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of aircraft noise exposure on saliva cortisol levels and its variation in people living near airports. Methods: This study focused on the 1300 residents included in the HYENA and DEBATS cross-sectional studies, with complete information on cortisol sampling. All the participants followed a similar procedure aiming to collect both a morning and an evening saliva cortisol samples. Socioeconomic and lifestyle information were obtained during a face-to-face interview. Outdoor aircraft noise exposure was estimated for each participant's home address. Associations between aircraft noise exposure and cortisol outcomes were investigated a priori for male and female separately, using linear regression models adjusted for relevant confounders. Different approaches were used to characterize cortisol levels, such as morning and evening cortisol concentrations and the absolute and relative variations between morning and evening levels. Results: Statistically significant increases of evening cortisol levels were shown in women with a 10-dB(A) increase in aircraft noise exposure in terms of LAeq, 16h (exp(β) = 1.08; CI95% = 1.00-1.16), Lden (exp(β) = 1.09; CI95% = 1.01-1.18), Lnight (exp(β) = 1.11; CI95% = 1.02-1.20). A statistically significant association was also found in women between a 10-dB(A) increase in terms of Lnight and the absolute variation per hour (exp(β) = 0.90; CI95% = 0.80-1.00). Statistically significant decreases in relative variation per hour were also evidenced in women, with stronger effects with the Lnight (exp(β) = 0.89; CI95% = 0.83-0.96) than with other noise indicators. The morning cortisol levels were unchanged whatever noise exposure indicator considered. There was no statistically significant association between aircraft noise exposure and cortisol outcomes in men. Conclusions: The results of the present study show statistically significant associations between aircraft noise exposure and evening cortisol levels and related flattening in the (absolute and relative) variations per hour in women. Further biological research is needed to deepen knowledge of the pathway between noise exposure and disturbed hormonal regulation, and specially the difference in effects between genders

Presentation_1_Parental occupations at birth and risk of adult testicular germ cell tumors in offspring: a French nationwide case–control study.pdf

BackgroundTesticular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent cancer in young men in developed countries. Parental occupational exposures during early-life periods are suspected to increase TGCT risk. The objective was to estimate the association between parental occupations at birth and adult TGCT.MethodsA case–control study was conducted, including 454 TGCT cases aged 18–45 from 20 French university hospitals, matched to 670 controls based on region and year of birth. Data collected from participants included parental jobs at birth coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupation—1968 and the French nomenclature of activities—1999. Odds ratios (OR) for TGCT and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for TGCT risk factors.ResultsPaternal jobs at birth as service workers (OR = 1.98, CI 1.18–3.30), protective service workers (OR = 2.40, CI 1.20–4.81), transport equipment operators (OR = 1.96, CI 1.14–3.37), specialized farmers (OR = 2.66, CI 1.03–6.90), and maternal jobs as secondary education teachers (OR = 2.27, CI 1.09–4.76) or in secondary education (OR = 2.35, CI 1.13–4.88) were significantly associated with adult TGCT. The risk of seminoma was increased for the above-mentioned paternal jobs and that of non-seminomas for public administration and defence; compulsory social security (OR = 1.99, CI 1.09–3.65); general, economic, and social administration (OR = 3.21, CI 1.23–8.39) for fathers; and secondary education teacher (OR = 4.67, CI 1.87–11.67) and secondary education (OR = 3.50, CI 1.36–9.01) for mothers.ConclusionSome paternal jobs, such as service workers, transport equipment operators, or specialized farmers, and maternal jobs in secondary education seem to be associated with an increased risk of TGCT with specific features depending on the histological type. These data allow hypotheses to be put forward for further studies as to the involvement of occupational exposures in the risk of developing TGCT, such as exposure to pesticides, solvents, or heavy metals.</p

Data_Sheet_8_Parental occupations at birth and risk of adult testicular germ cell tumors in offspring: a French nationwide case–control study.pdf

BackgroundTesticular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent cancer in young men in developed countries. Parental occupational exposures during early-life periods are suspected to increase TGCT risk. The objective was to estimate the association between parental occupations at birth and adult TGCT.MethodsA case–control study was conducted, including 454 TGCT cases aged 18–45 from 20 French university hospitals, matched to 670 controls based on region and year of birth. Data collected from participants included parental jobs at birth coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupation—1968 and the French nomenclature of activities—1999. Odds ratios (OR) for TGCT and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for TGCT risk factors.ResultsPaternal jobs at birth as service workers (OR = 1.98, CI 1.18–3.30), protective service workers (OR = 2.40, CI 1.20–4.81), transport equipment operators (OR = 1.96, CI 1.14–3.37), specialized farmers (OR = 2.66, CI 1.03–6.90), and maternal jobs as secondary education teachers (OR = 2.27, CI 1.09–4.76) or in secondary education (OR = 2.35, CI 1.13–4.88) were significantly associated with adult TGCT. The risk of seminoma was increased for the above-mentioned paternal jobs and that of non-seminomas for public administration and defence; compulsory social security (OR = 1.99, CI 1.09–3.65); general, economic, and social administration (OR = 3.21, CI 1.23–8.39) for fathers; and secondary education teacher (OR = 4.67, CI 1.87–11.67) and secondary education (OR = 3.50, CI 1.36–9.01) for mothers.ConclusionSome paternal jobs, such as service workers, transport equipment operators, or specialized farmers, and maternal jobs in secondary education seem to be associated with an increased risk of TGCT with specific features depending on the histological type. These data allow hypotheses to be put forward for further studies as to the involvement of occupational exposures in the risk of developing TGCT, such as exposure to pesticides, solvents, or heavy metals.</p

Data_Sheet_3_Parental occupations at birth and risk of adult testicular germ cell tumors in offspring: a French nationwide case–control study.pdf

BackgroundTesticular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent cancer in young men in developed countries. Parental occupational exposures during early-life periods are suspected to increase TGCT risk. The objective was to estimate the association between parental occupations at birth and adult TGCT.MethodsA case–control study was conducted, including 454 TGCT cases aged 18–45 from 20 French university hospitals, matched to 670 controls based on region and year of birth. Data collected from participants included parental jobs at birth coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupation—1968 and the French nomenclature of activities—1999. Odds ratios (OR) for TGCT and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for TGCT risk factors.ResultsPaternal jobs at birth as service workers (OR = 1.98, CI 1.18–3.30), protective service workers (OR = 2.40, CI 1.20–4.81), transport equipment operators (OR = 1.96, CI 1.14–3.37), specialized farmers (OR = 2.66, CI 1.03–6.90), and maternal jobs as secondary education teachers (OR = 2.27, CI 1.09–4.76) or in secondary education (OR = 2.35, CI 1.13–4.88) were significantly associated with adult TGCT. The risk of seminoma was increased for the above-mentioned paternal jobs and that of non-seminomas for public administration and defence; compulsory social security (OR = 1.99, CI 1.09–3.65); general, economic, and social administration (OR = 3.21, CI 1.23–8.39) for fathers; and secondary education teacher (OR = 4.67, CI 1.87–11.67) and secondary education (OR = 3.50, CI 1.36–9.01) for mothers.ConclusionSome paternal jobs, such as service workers, transport equipment operators, or specialized farmers, and maternal jobs in secondary education seem to be associated with an increased risk of TGCT with specific features depending on the histological type. These data allow hypotheses to be put forward for further studies as to the involvement of occupational exposures in the risk of developing TGCT, such as exposure to pesticides, solvents, or heavy metals.</p

Data_Sheet_4_Parental occupations at birth and risk of adult testicular germ cell tumors in offspring: a French nationwide case–control study.pdf

BackgroundTesticular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent cancer in young men in developed countries. Parental occupational exposures during early-life periods are suspected to increase TGCT risk. The objective was to estimate the association between parental occupations at birth and adult TGCT.MethodsA case–control study was conducted, including 454 TGCT cases aged 18–45 from 20 French university hospitals, matched to 670 controls based on region and year of birth. Data collected from participants included parental jobs at birth coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupation—1968 and the French nomenclature of activities—1999. Odds ratios (OR) for TGCT and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for TGCT risk factors.ResultsPaternal jobs at birth as service workers (OR = 1.98, CI 1.18–3.30), protective service workers (OR = 2.40, CI 1.20–4.81), transport equipment operators (OR = 1.96, CI 1.14–3.37), specialized farmers (OR = 2.66, CI 1.03–6.90), and maternal jobs as secondary education teachers (OR = 2.27, CI 1.09–4.76) or in secondary education (OR = 2.35, CI 1.13–4.88) were significantly associated with adult TGCT. The risk of seminoma was increased for the above-mentioned paternal jobs and that of non-seminomas for public administration and defence; compulsory social security (OR = 1.99, CI 1.09–3.65); general, economic, and social administration (OR = 3.21, CI 1.23–8.39) for fathers; and secondary education teacher (OR = 4.67, CI 1.87–11.67) and secondary education (OR = 3.50, CI 1.36–9.01) for mothers.ConclusionSome paternal jobs, such as service workers, transport equipment operators, or specialized farmers, and maternal jobs in secondary education seem to be associated with an increased risk of TGCT with specific features depending on the histological type. These data allow hypotheses to be put forward for further studies as to the involvement of occupational exposures in the risk of developing TGCT, such as exposure to pesticides, solvents, or heavy metals.</p

Data_Sheet_6_Parental occupations at birth and risk of adult testicular germ cell tumors in offspring: a French nationwide case–control study.pdf

BackgroundTesticular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent cancer in young men in developed countries. Parental occupational exposures during early-life periods are suspected to increase TGCT risk. The objective was to estimate the association between parental occupations at birth and adult TGCT.MethodsA case–control study was conducted, including 454 TGCT cases aged 18–45 from 20 French university hospitals, matched to 670 controls based on region and year of birth. Data collected from participants included parental jobs at birth coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupation—1968 and the French nomenclature of activities—1999. Odds ratios (OR) for TGCT and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for TGCT risk factors.ResultsPaternal jobs at birth as service workers (OR = 1.98, CI 1.18–3.30), protective service workers (OR = 2.40, CI 1.20–4.81), transport equipment operators (OR = 1.96, CI 1.14–3.37), specialized farmers (OR = 2.66, CI 1.03–6.90), and maternal jobs as secondary education teachers (OR = 2.27, CI 1.09–4.76) or in secondary education (OR = 2.35, CI 1.13–4.88) were significantly associated with adult TGCT. The risk of seminoma was increased for the above-mentioned paternal jobs and that of non-seminomas for public administration and defence; compulsory social security (OR = 1.99, CI 1.09–3.65); general, economic, and social administration (OR = 3.21, CI 1.23–8.39) for fathers; and secondary education teacher (OR = 4.67, CI 1.87–11.67) and secondary education (OR = 3.50, CI 1.36–9.01) for mothers.ConclusionSome paternal jobs, such as service workers, transport equipment operators, or specialized farmers, and maternal jobs in secondary education seem to be associated with an increased risk of TGCT with specific features depending on the histological type. These data allow hypotheses to be put forward for further studies as to the involvement of occupational exposures in the risk of developing TGCT, such as exposure to pesticides, solvents, or heavy metals.</p

Data_Sheet_5_Parental occupations at birth and risk of adult testicular germ cell tumors in offspring: a French nationwide case–control study.pdf

BackgroundTesticular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent cancer in young men in developed countries. Parental occupational exposures during early-life periods are suspected to increase TGCT risk. The objective was to estimate the association between parental occupations at birth and adult TGCT.MethodsA case–control study was conducted, including 454 TGCT cases aged 18–45 from 20 French university hospitals, matched to 670 controls based on region and year of birth. Data collected from participants included parental jobs at birth coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupation—1968 and the French nomenclature of activities—1999. Odds ratios (OR) for TGCT and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for TGCT risk factors.ResultsPaternal jobs at birth as service workers (OR = 1.98, CI 1.18–3.30), protective service workers (OR = 2.40, CI 1.20–4.81), transport equipment operators (OR = 1.96, CI 1.14–3.37), specialized farmers (OR = 2.66, CI 1.03–6.90), and maternal jobs as secondary education teachers (OR = 2.27, CI 1.09–4.76) or in secondary education (OR = 2.35, CI 1.13–4.88) were significantly associated with adult TGCT. The risk of seminoma was increased for the above-mentioned paternal jobs and that of non-seminomas for public administration and defence; compulsory social security (OR = 1.99, CI 1.09–3.65); general, economic, and social administration (OR = 3.21, CI 1.23–8.39) for fathers; and secondary education teacher (OR = 4.67, CI 1.87–11.67) and secondary education (OR = 3.50, CI 1.36–9.01) for mothers.ConclusionSome paternal jobs, such as service workers, transport equipment operators, or specialized farmers, and maternal jobs in secondary education seem to be associated with an increased risk of TGCT with specific features depending on the histological type. These data allow hypotheses to be put forward for further studies as to the involvement of occupational exposures in the risk of developing TGCT, such as exposure to pesticides, solvents, or heavy metals.</p

Data_Sheet_2_Parental occupations at birth and risk of adult testicular germ cell tumors in offspring: a French nationwide case–control study.pdf

BackgroundTesticular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent cancer in young men in developed countries. Parental occupational exposures during early-life periods are suspected to increase TGCT risk. The objective was to estimate the association between parental occupations at birth and adult TGCT.MethodsA case–control study was conducted, including 454 TGCT cases aged 18–45 from 20 French university hospitals, matched to 670 controls based on region and year of birth. Data collected from participants included parental jobs at birth coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupation—1968 and the French nomenclature of activities—1999. Odds ratios (OR) for TGCT and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for TGCT risk factors.ResultsPaternal jobs at birth as service workers (OR = 1.98, CI 1.18–3.30), protective service workers (OR = 2.40, CI 1.20–4.81), transport equipment operators (OR = 1.96, CI 1.14–3.37), specialized farmers (OR = 2.66, CI 1.03–6.90), and maternal jobs as secondary education teachers (OR = 2.27, CI 1.09–4.76) or in secondary education (OR = 2.35, CI 1.13–4.88) were significantly associated with adult TGCT. The risk of seminoma was increased for the above-mentioned paternal jobs and that of non-seminomas for public administration and defence; compulsory social security (OR = 1.99, CI 1.09–3.65); general, economic, and social administration (OR = 3.21, CI 1.23–8.39) for fathers; and secondary education teacher (OR = 4.67, CI 1.87–11.67) and secondary education (OR = 3.50, CI 1.36–9.01) for mothers.ConclusionSome paternal jobs, such as service workers, transport equipment operators, or specialized farmers, and maternal jobs in secondary education seem to be associated with an increased risk of TGCT with specific features depending on the histological type. These data allow hypotheses to be put forward for further studies as to the involvement of occupational exposures in the risk of developing TGCT, such as exposure to pesticides, solvents, or heavy metals.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Parental occupations at birth and risk of adult testicular germ cell tumors in offspring: a French nationwide case–control study.pdf

BackgroundTesticular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent cancer in young men in developed countries. Parental occupational exposures during early-life periods are suspected to increase TGCT risk. The objective was to estimate the association between parental occupations at birth and adult TGCT.MethodsA case–control study was conducted, including 454 TGCT cases aged 18–45 from 20 French university hospitals, matched to 670 controls based on region and year of birth. Data collected from participants included parental jobs at birth coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupation—1968 and the French nomenclature of activities—1999. Odds ratios (OR) for TGCT and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for TGCT risk factors.ResultsPaternal jobs at birth as service workers (OR = 1.98, CI 1.18–3.30), protective service workers (OR = 2.40, CI 1.20–4.81), transport equipment operators (OR = 1.96, CI 1.14–3.37), specialized farmers (OR = 2.66, CI 1.03–6.90), and maternal jobs as secondary education teachers (OR = 2.27, CI 1.09–4.76) or in secondary education (OR = 2.35, CI 1.13–4.88) were significantly associated with adult TGCT. The risk of seminoma was increased for the above-mentioned paternal jobs and that of non-seminomas for public administration and defence; compulsory social security (OR = 1.99, CI 1.09–3.65); general, economic, and social administration (OR = 3.21, CI 1.23–8.39) for fathers; and secondary education teacher (OR = 4.67, CI 1.87–11.67) and secondary education (OR = 3.50, CI 1.36–9.01) for mothers.ConclusionSome paternal jobs, such as service workers, transport equipment operators, or specialized farmers, and maternal jobs in secondary education seem to be associated with an increased risk of TGCT with specific features depending on the histological type. These data allow hypotheses to be put forward for further studies as to the involvement of occupational exposures in the risk of developing TGCT, such as exposure to pesticides, solvents, or heavy metals.</p

Data_Sheet_7_Parental occupations at birth and risk of adult testicular germ cell tumors in offspring: a French nationwide case–control study.pdf

BackgroundTesticular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent cancer in young men in developed countries. Parental occupational exposures during early-life periods are suspected to increase TGCT risk. The objective was to estimate the association between parental occupations at birth and adult TGCT.MethodsA case–control study was conducted, including 454 TGCT cases aged 18–45 from 20 French university hospitals, matched to 670 controls based on region and year of birth. Data collected from participants included parental jobs at birth coded according to the International Standard Classification of Occupation—1968 and the French nomenclature of activities—1999. Odds ratios (OR) for TGCT and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for TGCT risk factors.ResultsPaternal jobs at birth as service workers (OR = 1.98, CI 1.18–3.30), protective service workers (OR = 2.40, CI 1.20–4.81), transport equipment operators (OR = 1.96, CI 1.14–3.37), specialized farmers (OR = 2.66, CI 1.03–6.90), and maternal jobs as secondary education teachers (OR = 2.27, CI 1.09–4.76) or in secondary education (OR = 2.35, CI 1.13–4.88) were significantly associated with adult TGCT. The risk of seminoma was increased for the above-mentioned paternal jobs and that of non-seminomas for public administration and defence; compulsory social security (OR = 1.99, CI 1.09–3.65); general, economic, and social administration (OR = 3.21, CI 1.23–8.39) for fathers; and secondary education teacher (OR = 4.67, CI 1.87–11.67) and secondary education (OR = 3.50, CI 1.36–9.01) for mothers.ConclusionSome paternal jobs, such as service workers, transport equipment operators, or specialized farmers, and maternal jobs in secondary education seem to be associated with an increased risk of TGCT with specific features depending on the histological type. These data allow hypotheses to be put forward for further studies as to the involvement of occupational exposures in the risk of developing TGCT, such as exposure to pesticides, solvents, or heavy metals.</p