100 research outputs found

    Lésions endothéliales liées à un défaut de contrÎle du complément (de la génétique du complément au syndrome hémolytique et urémique)

    Get PDF
    L identification fréquente de mutations des protéines régulatrices du complément suggÚre que les lésions endothéliales du syndrome hémolytique et urémique atypique (SHUa) résultent d une activation incontrÎlée de la voie alterne du complément. Les mutations, en soi, ne constituent cependant que des facteurs de susceptibilité et les mécanismes menant de l anomalie de régulation du complément au développement de lésions de microangiopathie thrombotique rénale restent mal compris. L objectif de ce projet était donc d'étudier certains mécanismes de l activation du complément à la surface des cellules endothéliales dans le SHUa et les conséquences de cette activation pour l endothélium. Dans ce but, ce travail s est initialement concentré sur la mutation C3R139W, dont nous avons réalisé la caractérisation phénotypique et fonctionnelle et qui a constitué un modÚle d étude des conséquences d un complément dérégulé sur l endothélium. Cette mutation a été identifiée de façon sporadique chez 4% des patients de la cohorte française de SHUa. Son étude phénotypique a mis en avant une évolution fonctionnelle rénale souvent sévÚre mais inhomogÚne ainsi qu une fréquence non négligeable d événements cardio-vasculaires. Sa caractérisation fonctionnelle a révélé une augmentation de son affinité pour le facteur B, à l origine de la formation d une hyper C3 convertase , échappant également en partie aux systÚmes de contrÎle (diminution de liaison avec la MCP). L étude de ses conséquences endothéliales a montré, à la surface de cellules pré-activées, une augmentation des produits d activation du complément et de l expression membranaire de facteur tissulaire, faisant le lien avec l acquisition d un phénotype endothélial prothrombotique. Nous rapportons également, sous l effet de sérum porteur de cette mutation, une majoration de la perméabilité et du détachement cellulaire, susceptibles de traduire une souffrance endothéliale. Dans la deuxiÚme partie et en vue de préciser les liens entre anomalie du complément et activation des cellules endothéliales, nous nous sommes intéressés au rÎle de l hémolyse, dénominateur commun des SHU. Nous avons ainsi montré que l hÚme libre activait la voie alterne du complément dans le sérum et à la surface des cellules endothéliales et ce, de façon exacerbé, en cas de dysrégulation sous-jacente du complément. Nous avons identifié plusieurs mécanismes d action par lesquels l hÚme peut activer le complément : il favorise les interactions C3/C3 et ainsi la formation d une hyper C3/C5 convertase, déclenche une mobilisation des corps de Weibel-Palade à l origine de l expression membranaire de P-selectine, qui est capable d activer la voie alterne du complément et induit une diminution de l expression membranaire des régulateurs MCP et DAF. Par ces travaux, nous avons précisé les liens entre activation du complément et acquisition d un phénotype endothélial prothrombotique dans le SHUa. Nous avons notamment identifié l hémolyse comme un acteur potentiel de l amplification des lésions endothéliales complément-dépendantes. Son contrÎle pourrait ainsi constituer une nouvelle voie thérapeutique dans le SHU.Pas de résumé en anglaisPARIS5-Bibliotheque electronique (751069902) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Heme Drives Susceptibility of Glomerular Endothelium to Complement Overactivation Due to Inefficient Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase-1

    Get PDF
    Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a severe disease characterized by microvascular endothelial cell (EC) lesions leading to thrombi formation, mechanical hemolysis and organ failure, predominantly renal. Complement system overactivation is a hallmark of aHUS. To investigate this selective susceptibility of the microvascular renal endothelium to complement attack and thrombotic microangiopathic lesions, we compared complement and cyto-protection markers on EC, from different vascular beds, in in vitro and in vivo models as well as in patients. No difference was observed for complement deposits or expression of complement and coagulation regulators between macrovascular and microvascular EC, either at resting state or after inflammatory challenge. After prolonged exposure to hemolysis-derived heme, higher C3 deposits were found on glomerular EC, in vitro and in vivo, compared with other EC in culture and in mice organs (liver, skin, brain, lungs and heart). This could be explained by a reduced complement regulation capacity due to weaker binding of Factor H and inefficient upregulation of thrombomodulin (TM). Microvascular EC also failed to upregulate the cytoprotective heme-degrading enzyme heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1), normally induced by hemolysis products. Only HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein EC) developed adaptation to heme, which was lost after inhibition of HO-1 activity. Interestingly, the expression of KLF2 and KLF4—known transcription factors of TM, also described as possible transcription modulators of HO-1- was weaker in micro than macrovascular EC under hemolytic conditions. Our results show that the microvascular EC, and especially glomerular EC, fail to adapt to the stress imposed by hemolysis and acquire a pro-coagulant and complement-activating phenotype. Together, these findings indicate that the vulnerability of glomerular EC to hemolysis is a key factor in aHUS, amplifying complement overactivation and thrombotic microangiopathic lesions

    Lésions endothéliales liées à un défaut de contrÎle du complément : de la génétique du complément au syndrome hémolytique et urémique

    Full text link
    L’identification frĂ©quente de mutations des protĂ©ines rĂ©gulatrices du complĂ©ment suggĂšre que les lĂ©sions endothĂ©liales du syndrome hĂ©molytique et urĂ©mique atypique (SHUa) rĂ©sultent d’une activation incontrĂŽlĂ©e de la voie alterne du complĂ©ment. Les mutations, en soi, ne constituent cependant que des facteurs de susceptibilitĂ© et les mĂ©canismes menant de l’anomalie de rĂ©gulation du complĂ©ment au dĂ©veloppement de lĂ©sions de microangiopathie thrombotique rĂ©nale restent mal compris. L’objectif de ce projet Ă©tait donc d'Ă©tudier certains mĂ©canismes de l’activation du complĂ©ment Ă  la surface des cellules endothĂ©liales dans le SHUa et les consĂ©quences de cette activation pour l’endothĂ©lium. Dans ce but, ce travail s’est initialement concentrĂ© sur la mutation C3R139W, dont nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© la caractĂ©risation phĂ©notypique et fonctionnelle et qui a constituĂ© un modĂšle d’étude des consĂ©quences d’un complĂ©ment dĂ©rĂ©gulĂ© sur l’endothĂ©lium. Cette mutation a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©e de façon sporadique chez 4% des patients de la cohorte française de SHUa. Son Ă©tude phĂ©notypique a mis en avant une Ă©volution fonctionnelle rĂ©nale souvent sĂ©vĂšre mais inhomogĂšne ainsi qu’une frĂ©quence non nĂ©gligeable d’évĂ©nements cardio-vasculaires. Sa caractĂ©risation fonctionnelle a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une augmentation de son affinitĂ© pour le facteur B, Ă  l’origine de la formation d’une « hyper C3 convertase », Ă©chappant Ă©galement en partie aux systĂšmes de contrĂŽle (diminution de liaison avec la MCP). L’étude de ses consĂ©quences endothĂ©liales a montrĂ©, Ă  la surface de cellules prĂ©-activĂ©es, une augmentation des produits d’activation du complĂ©ment et de l’expression membranaire de facteur tissulaire, faisant le lien avec l’acquisition d’un phĂ©notype endothĂ©lial prothrombotique. Nous rapportons Ă©galement, sous l’effet de sĂ©rum porteur de cette mutation, une majoration de la permĂ©abilitĂ© et du dĂ©tachement cellulaire, susceptibles de traduire une souffrance endothĂ©liale. Dans la deuxiĂšme partie et en vue de prĂ©ciser les liens entre anomalie du complĂ©ment et activation des cellules endothĂ©liales, nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s au rĂŽle de l’hĂ©molyse, dĂ©nominateur commun des SHU. Nous avons ainsi montrĂ© que l’hĂšme libre activait la voie alterne du complĂ©ment dans le sĂ©rum et Ă  la surface des cellules endothĂ©liales et ce, de façon exacerbĂ©, en cas de dysrĂ©gulation sous-jacente du complĂ©ment. Nous avons identifiĂ© plusieurs mĂ©canismes d’action par lesquels l’hĂšme peut activer le complĂ©ment : il favorise les interactions C3/C3 et ainsi la formation d’une hyper C3/C5 convertase, dĂ©clenche une mobilisation des corps de Weibel-Palade Ă  l’origine de l’expression membranaire de P-selectine, qui est capable d’activer la voie alterne du complĂ©ment et induit une diminution de l’expression membranaire des rĂ©gulateurs MCP et DAF. Par ces travaux, nous avons prĂ©cisĂ© les liens entre activation du complĂ©ment et acquisition d’un phĂ©notype endothĂ©lial prothrombotique dans le SHUa. Nous avons notamment identifiĂ© l’hĂ©molyse comme un acteur potentiel de l’amplification des lĂ©sions endothĂ©liales complĂ©ment-dĂ©pendantes. Son contrĂŽle pourrait ainsi constituer une nouvelle voie thĂ©rapeutique dans le SHU.Pas de rĂ©sumĂ© en anglai

    Kidney diseases and Endothelium:RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products): from inflammation to aging

    Full text link
    Our current understanding of the receptor for advanced glycation end products, RAGE, relies heavily upon research about its interactions with AGEs (advanced glycation products, after which it is named), especially in diabetes mellitus. RAGE is more broadly involved in both immunity and inflammation with more than 28 known ligands including many PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular pattern) and DAMPs (danger associated molecular pattern), leading it to be considered as a pattern recognition receptor. In mice, RAGE deletion has been shown to be protective against cardiovascular and Alzheimer’s diseases and, as our team has recently shown, against renal ageing. Thus, we hypothesize this receptor could be a driver of ageing ("inflammaging") through its pro-inflammatory, -oxidative, -apoptotic, -fibrotic effects, opening up significant possibilities in the development of anti-RAGE therapeutics.Many questions remain, however: to what extent do the different RAGE ligands compete for binding, and how does this competition modulate its activation? Are the activated signalling pathways ligand-specific, tissue-specific or perhaps specific to the configuration of RAGE in its homodimeric, oligomeric or proposed heterodimeric (e.g. with TLRs) forms? Is RAGE an actor for the heterogeneity of clinical diseases expression, especially vascular pathologies? Could it be a potential therapeutic target in these pathologies?From models of vascular or renal diseases for which we have privileged access to data or samples from constituted patient cohorts (thrombotic microangiopathies, TMA; antipholipid syndrome, APLS; vasculopathies related to chronic renal failure), we will continue to study the mechanisms of endothelial activation and acceleration of ageing and will focus on the role of RAGE in these processes. We will study the relationships between RAGE and other receptors of innate immunity, such as TLRs and will define to what extent these potential interactions modulate the downstream impact on intracellular signalling and their pro-inflammatory consequences. Having recently identified haem, a product of haemolysis, as a ligand to RAGE, we will analyse whether, like the complement and heme-oxygenase systems, RAGE is involved in the susceptibility of some vascular beds to damage in haemolytic conditions. We will also investigate whether the pharmacological inhibition of RAGE reduce the inflammatory response or whether this is compensated by the activation of other receptors. The objective of this project will therefore be to improve our understanding of the mechanisms involving RAGE in endothelial activation and leading to premature vascular and renal ageing through inflammatory and oxidative processes. We thus hope to participate in deciphering the role of RAGE in ageing and to understand how to advantageously modulate its activation for successful agein

    Caractéristiques des syndromes hémolytiques et urémiques atypiques associés à la mutation C3R161W

    Full text link
    LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Pregnancy as a susceptible state for thrombotic microangiopathies

    Get PDF
    Pregnancy and the postpartum period represent phases of heightened vulnerability to thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs), as evidenced by distinct patterns of pregnancy-specific TMAs (e.g., preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome), as well as a higher incidence of nonspecific TMAs, such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura or hemolytic uremic syndrome, during pregnancy. Significant strides have been taken in understanding the underlying mechanisms of these disorders in the past 40 years. This progress has involved the identification of pivotal factors contributing to TMAs, such as the complement system, ADAMTS13, and the soluble VEGF receptor Flt1. Regardless of the specific causal factor (which is not generally unique in relation to the usual multifactorial origin of TMAs), the endothelial cell stands as a central player in the pathophysiology of TMAs. Pregnancy has a major impact on the physiology of the endothelium. Besides to the development of placenta and its vascular consequences, pregnancy modifies the characteristics of the women’s microvascular endothelium and tends to render it more prone to thrombosis. This review aims to delineate the distinct features of pregnancy-related TMAs and explore the contributing mechanisms that lead to this increased susceptibility, particularly influenced by the “gravid endothelium.” Furthermore, we will discuss the potential contribution of histopathological studies in facilitating the etiological diagnosis of pregnancy-related TMAs

    LE COMITE REGIONAL DE RECONNAISSANCE DES MALADIES PROFESSIONNELLES DE LA REGION NORD - PAS DE CALAIS / PICARDIE (BILAN DES ANNEES 1996-1999)

    Full text link
    LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Heme Oxygenase 1: A Defensive Mediator in Kidney Diseases

    Full text link
    International audienceThe incidence of kidney disease is rising, constituting a significant burden on the healthcare system and making identification of new therapeutic targets increasingly urgent. The heme oxygenase (HO) system performs an important function in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation and, via these mechanisms, is thought to play a role in the prevention of non-specific injuries following acute renal failure or resulting from chronic kidney disease. The expression of HO-1 is strongly inducible by a wide range of stimuli in the kidney, consequent to the kidney's filtration role which means HO-1 is exposed to a wide range of endogenous and exogenous molecules, and it has been shown to be protective in a variety of nephropathological animal models. Interestingly, the positive effect of HO-1 occurs in both hemolysis- and rhabdomyolysis-dominated diseases, where the kidney is extensively exposed to heme (a major HO-1 inducer), as well as in non-heme-dependent diseases such as hypertension, diabetic nephropathy or progression to end-stage renal disease. This highlights the complexity of HO-1's functions, which is also illustrated by the fact that, despite the abundance of preclinical data, no drug targeting HO-1 has so far been translated into clinical use. The objective of this review is to assess current knowledge relating HO-1's role in the kidney and its potential interest as a nephroprotection agent. The potential therapeutic openings will be presented, in particular through the identification of clinical trials targeting this enzyme or its products

    Hemolysis Derived Products Toxicity and Endothelium: Model of the Second Hit

    Full text link
    International audienceVascular diseases are multifactorial, often requiring multiple challenges, or 'hits', for their initiation. Intra-vascular hemolysis illustrates well the multiple-hit theory where a first event lyses red blood cells, releasing hemolysis-derived products, in particular cell-free heme which is highly toxic for the endothelium. Physiologically, hemolysis derived-products are rapidly neutralized by numerous defense systems, including haptoglobin and hemopexin which scavenge hemoglobin and heme, respectively. Likewise, cellular defense mechanisms are involved, including heme-oxygenase 1 upregulation which metabolizes heme. However, in cases of intra-vascular hemolysis, those systems are overwhelmed. Heme exerts toxic effects by acting as a damage-associated molecular pattern and promoting, together with hemoglobin, nitric oxide scavenging and ROS production. In addition, it activates the complement and the coagulation systems. Together, these processes lead to endothelial cell injury which triggers pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory phenotypes. Moreover, among endothelial cells, glomerular ones display a particular susceptibility explained by a weaker capacity to counteract hemolysis injury. In this review, we illustrate the 'multiple-hit' theory through the example of intra-vascular hemolysis, with a particular focus on cell-free heme, and we advance hypotheses explaining the glomerular susceptibility observed in hemolytic diseases. Finally, we describe therapeutic options for reducing endothelial injury in hemolytic diseases
    • 

    corecore