Mortality of females from selected malignant neoplasms in the context of preventive programs in the Czech and Slovak Republic since 1994

Mortality of females from selected malignant neoplasms in the context of preventive programs in the Czech and Slovak Republic since 1994 Abstract The main aim of the thesis is to compare the differences in mortality due to female malignant neoplasms (neoplasm of the breast, cervix and colon) in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic during 1994-2015. Changes in mortality levels have been associated with the implementation of relevant preventive programs. The development of mortality is analyzed according to age only for female population and causes of death using the standardized mortality rate of selected causes of death and age specific mortality rate and using the decomposition of life expectancy at birth between the years 1994-2001 and 2009-2015 in terms of age groups and causes of death. Results of the analytical part of the thesis show that mortality decreased during 1994-2015 but the differences among mortality in both selected countries occurred. Mortality in both the analyzed countries differed above all for malignant neoplasm of the breast. Higher efficiency of established preventive programs has been demonstrated in the Czech Republic than in the Slovak Republic. Keywords: Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, mortality by causes of death, females, prevention programs, malignant neoplasms, decompositio

Doses on risk structures in breast brachytherapy

Práce se zabývá dávkami na rizikové struktury u karcinomu prsu při ozařování pomocí metody akcelerovaného ozáření s využitím multikatetrové intersticiální brachyterapie. Teoretická část popisuje problematiku karcinomu prsu a metodu akcelerovaného ozáření části prsu. Praktická část zaznamenává parametry pro hodnocení ozáření rizikových struktur a jejich vyhodnocení na souboru pacientek, které tuto léčby podstoupily ve FNHK.The thesis deals with doses on risk structures in accelerated partial breast irradiation with multicatheter intersticial brachytherapy. The theoretical part describes the issue of breast cancer and the accelerated partial breast irradiation technique. The practical part includes the parameters for evaluation of irradiation risk structures and their evaluation on a group of patients who were treated in FNHK.Fakulta zdravotnických studiíHodnocení vedoucího: výborně mínus Hodnocení oponenta: výborně Doplňující otázky k obhajobě: 1. Ne pro všechny pacientky s karcinomem prsu je brachyterapie jako samostatná forma radioterapie vhodná. Dokázala byste vyjmenovat kritéria, které pacientky jsou k APBI vhodné a proč? 2. Pokud by byly překročeny dávkové limity ozařování na srdce a jeho struktury, za jak dlouho lze očekávat klinické projevy nežádoucích účinků radioterpie? Obhajoba bakalářské práce s prezentací výborná.Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo

CXCR3, CCR5, and CRTH2 Chemokine Receptor Expression in Lymphocytes Infiltrating Thyroid Nodules with Coincident Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Obtained by Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Objective. To determine the expression of chemokine receptors in lymphocytes from thyroid nodules and peripheral blood in patients with and without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Patients and Methods. The study included 46 women with thyroid nodules and HT and 60 women with thyroid nodules without HT (controls) who underwent a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Expression of chemokine receptors CXCR3, CCR5, and CRTH2 was assessed by flow cytometry in lymphocytes from FNAB samples and from peripheral blood. Results. The percentage of CRTH2+ lymphocytes was higher in nodules with HT in comparison with controls, both in FNAB samples (13.95 versus 6.7%, p=0.008) and in peripheral blood (6.7 versus 5.13%, p=0.047), and positively correlated with serum antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (r=0.243; p=0.026) and negatively correlated with thyroid volume (r=-0.346; p=0.008). Lymphocytes from neoplastic nodules showed a higher expression of both CXCR3 and CCR5 than those from hyperplastic ones. Conclusion. Flow cytometry performed in FNAB samples may serve as a good tool in investigation of intrathyroidal expression of immunological parameters. In our study, the CRTH2 expression on thyroid-infiltrating lymphocytes as well as on lymphocytes from peripheral blood was increased in HT as compared to controls