Espectroscopia de emissão de fótons do hélio, nitrogênio, silício e argônio

Orientador: Antonio Gomes TrigueirosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica "Gleb Wataghin"Resumo: Uma investigação detalhada da excitação do He (1s2) 1S para os estados de He (1snp) 1po (n=2-5) e da excitação - ionização do He (1s2) 1S para os estados de He+ (2p) 2po e He+ (3p) 2po no sistema da colisão de H+ + He é apresentada para uma escala larga de velocidades do projetil (2.2 a.u < v < 6.9 a.u.). Especificamente, os dados experimentais novos são apresentados em medidas do grau da polarização linear para a excitação e a excitação-ionização do hélio depois do impacto do próton nos comprimentos de onda no extremo ultravioleta (EUV). Estas medidas foram executadas usando um polarímetro caracterizado de espelho de multicamadas de molybdenum/silicon (MLM). Os resultados experimentais do próton são comparados com os dados teóricos da polarização usando a primeira aproximação de Born e os cálculos atômicos recentes de "Atomic Orbital Close-Coupling Calculations" (AOCC) para o processo da excitação. Uma comparação detalhada de dados experimentais para projeteis negativamente e positivamente carregados (elétrons e prótons) em velocidades iguais de impacto é dada. Estes resultados são relevantes para diagnósticos astrofísicos tal como "solar flares". Além disso calculamos forças de osciladores ponderada "gf" e tempos de vida para o Si IV usando o método de Hartree-Fock. Nesse cálculo os parâmetros eletrostáticos foram otimizados usando o método dos mínimos quadrados, com a finalidade de melhorar o ajuste dos valores de níveis de energia experimentais. Este método produz valores de gf e tempos de vida mais próximos dos valores experimentais. Nós apresentamos todas as linhas conhecidas experimentais de dipolo elétrico do Si IV. São apresentados também os primeiros espectros da emissão de EUV de fótons depois da captura simples e múltipla em colisões de 80 keV de Ar8+ + N2. Nossa análise fornece a evidência deprocessos de captura de um e dois eletrons que resultam em transições radiativas dos estados Ar7+(nl), n=3-6 e Ar6+ (3lnl'), n=3-5 dos projeteis. Além disso nós identificamos numerosas linhas de alvo de N q+ (q=2,3) na escala do espectro de EUV (10-80 nm), devido à ionização múltipla da molécula de N2 e da dissociação consecutiva mais a excitação dos fragmentos. A emissão de fóton subseqüente vem da excitação para os estados altos do alvo tais como N2+ (1s2 2s2lnl¿) 2,4L, n=2-10 e N3+ (1s2 2lnl¿) 1,3 L,n=2-5 com energias da excitação até 52 eV e 78 eV, respectivamente. Os fragmentos dissociados e excitados de N2+ e de N3+ são devidos aos processos multiples de captura do elétron que envolvem até seis elétronsAbstract: A detailed investigation of excitation of He (1s2) 1S to He (1snp) 1po (n=2-5) states and ionization-excitation of He (1s2) 1S to He+ (2p) 2po and He+ (3p) 2 po states in H+ + He collision systems is presented for a wide range of projectile velocities (2.2 a.u. < v < 6.9 a.u.). Specifically, new experimental data are presented on measurements of the degree of linear polarization for excitation and excitation-ionization of He following proton impact in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths. These measurements have been performed using a characterized molybdenum/silicon multilayer mirror polarimeter (MLM) whose polarization characteristics have been optimized for EUV emission of He and He+. Furthermore, the proton experimental results are compared with theoretical polarization data using the first Born approximation and recent atomic orbital close coupling (AOCC) calculations for the excitation process. A comprehensive comparison of experimental data for negatively and positively charged projectiles at equal impact velocities is given. These results are relevant for astrophysical diagnostics such as solar flares. Furthermore weighted oscillator strengths gf and the lifetimes for Si IV presented in this work were carried out in a multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock relativistic (HFR) approach. In this calculation, the electrostatic parameters were optimized by a least-squares procedure, in order to improve the adjustment to experimental energy levels. This method produces gf-values that are in better agreement with intensity observations and lifetime values that are closer to the experimental ones. In this work we present all the experimentally known electric dipole Si IV spectral lines. We also present the first EUV Emission spectra following single and multiple-electron capture in 80 keV Ar8+ + N2 highly charged ion-molecular collision system. Our analysis provides evidence of single and double capture processes leading to photon transitions of Ar7+(nl), n=3-6 and Ar6+ (3lnl') n=3-5 projectile states. Furthermore we have identified numerous Nq+ (q=2,3) ionic target lines in the EUV-spectral range (10-80 nm), owing to multiple ionization of the N2 molecule and consecutive dissociation plus excitation of the fragments. The subsequent photon emission arises from high lying states of the target such as N2+ (1s2 2s2lnl¿) 2,4L, n=2-10 and N3+ (1s2 2lnl¿) 1,3L, n=2-5 with excitation energies up to 52 eV and 78 eV, respectively. The N2+and N3+ excited dissociated fragments are due to multiply electron capture processes involving up to six electronsDoutoradoFísicaDoutor em Ciência

Endocannabinoid receptor blockade increases hepatocyte growth factor and reduces insulin levels in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

There is evidence from animal and in-vitro studies that activation of the endocannabinoid system (EC) through cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB-1) is associated with liver injury, inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma.1 Data suggests endogenous cannabinoids (EC) are related to fatty liver metabolism with a role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through modulating lipid metabolism that may be ameliorated by CB1 receptor antagonism with rimonabant.2 This is of particular importance as NAFLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease with liver dysfunction leading liver cirrhosis. The diagnosis of NAFLD can only be confirmed by a liver biopsy, as liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) used, as a serum marker may not be elevated

Drummer Major James Spens: letters from a common soldier abroad, 1617-1632

PostprintPeer reviewe

Environmental controls on bioturbation processes in marine benthic habits

Through bioturbation, the macrofauna mediate chemical, physical and biological processes in marine benthic ecosystems. Because of the importance of bioturbation as ecosystem mediator, various studies have been conducted on bioturbation intensity and depth, and the relation of bioturbation processes to environmental condition and ecosystem state. This thesis builds on those previous studies, using a standard field and analytical protocol and by expanding the geographical scale to three climatic regions along Canada’s East Coast and Arctic margins, the Arctic Archipelago, the coastal Subarctic (Labrador Fjords), and the temperate continental climate zone (Gulf of Maine and adjacent Scotian shelf/slope). This Ph.D. study provides a comprehensive assessment of environmental influences on bioturbation along gradients in latitude and ocean depth. Bioturbation intensity, mixing depth, and bioturbation structures were studied in relation to the quantity and quality of potential food sources (organic matter) and substrate characteristics to gain an understanding of the environmental controls on bioturbation in these regions. The three main research chapters of this thesis are divided based on the contrasting climatic and geographical regions studied. The analytical approach included seabed sampling with a boxcorer, describing the sedimentary fabric and bioturbation structures by X-radiography, estimating bioturbation intensity and depth applying a biodiffusion model to particle tracer profiles of ²¹⁰Pbₓs, ²²⁸Thₓs, ²³⁴Thₓs, and chlorophyll-a, and analyzing benthic organic matter and substrate characteristics. Strong regional and cross-climatic relations of bioturbation processes with combinations of environmental factors were observed. In particular, bioturbation depth and the vertical extent of bioturbation structures responded to the environmental patterns observed and, therefore, represented potentially applicable predictors of environmental conditions and ecosystem state. The results of this Ph.D. study may be further extended to other geographical regions with similar environmental characteristics to predict the effects of benthic habitat alterations through environmental stresses on a global scale. Integrated with biological data produced by fellow CHONe scientists the presented data may provide valuable information about functional roles of macrofaunal species and community traits in marine benthic ecosystems along Canada’s extensive East Coast and Arctic margins

Teilvalidierung des Fragebogens für impulsiv-zwanghafteStörungen beim Morbus Parkinson in deutscher Sprache

Ziel der Studie: Ziel unserer Studie war die Validierung des deutschsprachigen Fragebogens für Impulsiv-zwanghafte Störungen bei Patienten mit Morbus Parkinson (QUIP). Die Anwendung dieses Screening-Instruments soll die Prävention der negativen sozialen Konsequenzen der impulsiv-zwanghaften Störungen bei Parkinsonpatienten ermöglichen. Methoden: Der QUIP-aktuell und der QUIP-irgendwann wurde an 1207 in Kiel behandelte Parkinsonpatienten versandt. Von 390 Patienten, die die Fragebögen ausgefüllt zurückschickten, wurden 130 Patienten von verblindeten und darauf speziell vorbereiteten neuropsychologischen Mitarbeitern diagnostisch interviewt. So konnten für den deutschsprachigen QUIP sensitivitätsoptimierte Cut-Off-Werte bestimmt werden, die durch das diagnostische neuropsychologische Interviews validiert wurden. Ergebnisse: Von 130 Patienten, die an dem diagnostischen Gespräch teilnahmen, lag zum Studienzeitpunkt bei 14 Patienten mindestens eine Impulskontrollstörung vor. 24 Patienten hatten mindestens eine der Verhaltensstörungen, die im QUIP erhoben werden. Unsere Ergebnisse liefern folgende Flächen unter der Kurve für den QUIP-aktuell: Pathologisches Glücksspiel= 1,0, Hypersexualität= 0,85, Binge-Eating= 0,58 (inclusive relevante subklinische Fälle=0,84), impulsives Kaufen= 0,98, Punding= 0,88, Hobbyismus= 0,86, Walkabout= 0,68, Dopaminerges Dysregulationssyndrom= 0,98. Die Sensitivität irgendeine Impulskontrollstörung zu detektieren lag bei 0,86 (Spezifität 0,71) und die Sensitivität irgendeine Verhaltensstörung zu finden lag bei 0,83 (Spezifität 0,65). Schlussfolgerung: Die Studienergebnisse aus Kiel mit 130 Parkinsonpatienten bestätigen die hohe Sensitivität des QUIP-aktuell für Impulskontrollstörungen, die auch in der US-amerikanischen Validierungsstudie gezeigt werden konnte. Die endgültige Validierung wird noch mehr Patienten aus anderen deutschsprachigen Studienzentren einschließen

Policy and practice recommendations for addressing antibiotic/antimicrobial resistance in Haiti

For decades, antibiotics also called antimicrobial agents have been widely used in the treatment of infectious diseases. Nonetheless, the improper use of antibiotics has been reported in the literature globally as one of the primary causes of antibiotic/antimicrobial resistance (Laxminarayan et al., 2013). Indeed, the alarming magnitude of antibiotic/antimicrobial resistance as a global public health threat deserves our full attention to implement evidence-based interventions aiming at reducing this growing challenge (Tillotson, 2015). This paper will describe the issue of antibiotic/antimicrobial resistance in countries such as the United States, Canada, Europe, India, Pakistan, South Korea, Japan, South Africa, Brazil, Argentina and Haiti to provide an overview of the global burden of antibiotic/antimicrobial resistance. The overarching goal of this paper is to explore the connections and gaps between the World Health Organization (WHO) strategic action plan on antibiotic/antimicrobial resistance and the current policy in Haiti. Data was collected from sixteen key stakeholders including the Haitian Ministry of Health & Population (MSPP), the National Laboratory of Public Health (LNSP), the National Tuberculosis Program (PNLT), University teaching Hospitals and International organizations, selected for their ability to influence policy and/or decision making processes regarding antibiotic/antimicrobial resistance challenge in Haiti. Finally, the paper will conclude with the critical role of leadership in implementing the recommendations that aim to reduce the burden of antibiotic/antimicrobial resistance in Haiti. Keywords: antibiotic/antimicrobial resistance, global issue, World Health Organization (WHO) strategies, Haiti Ministry of Health (MSPP), policy recommendations.Master of Public Healt

Untersuchung zur Evaluation einer neu entwickelten Kollagen-I-Matrix als Trägermaterial humaner Keratinozyten und Fibroblasten im Tiermodell

Um dem wachsenden Bedarf an geeigneten Methoden der Wundbehandlung von Vollhautdefekten nachzukommen und unabhängiger von dem Verfahren der Spalthauttransplantation zu werden, haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten innovative Therapieansätze im Bereich des „Tissue Engineerings“ entwickelt. Dazu gehören unter anderem kollagene Biomaterialien, die als so genannte composite grafts mit dermalen und epidermalen Zellen besiedelt werden, um anschließend als Vollhautersatz zur Hautdefektdeckung genutzt zu werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine neu entwickelte Kollagen-I-Matrix (CCC, Collagen Cell Carrier) im Tiermodell auf die Eignung als Trägermaterial humaner Keratinozyten und Dermisfibroblasten untersucht. Dazu wurde die Kollagenmatrix mit humanen Keratinozyten und Dermisfibroblasten in Suspension mit Matrigel® als so genanntes composite graft besiedelt. Diese composite grafts wurden in „upside-down“ Technik in epifasziale Implantationskammern auf dorsale Vollhautdefekte athymischer Ratten eingebracht. Jedes Versuchstier wurde mit drei Implantationskammern versehen. Die Fragestellung dieser Arbeit wurde im Rahmen eines umfangreicheren Projektes realisiert. Die Verteilung verschiedener Versuchsansätze erfolgte randomisiert auf die Transplantationskammern von insgesamt 30 Tieren. Von 30 Ratten innerhalb des Gesamtprojektes entfielen rechnerisch 8 Ratten als Träger der in dieser Studie untersuchten Präparate. Jeweils nach 14 Tagen (6 Proben, 2 Tiere) und 28 Tagen (5 Proben, ca. 2 Tiere) wurden den Empfängertieren die Gewebeproben des composite grafts entnommenen und makroskopisch wie histologisch untersucht. Ein Vergleichsansatz aus humanen Keratinozyten und Dermisfibroblasten mit Verwendung der Matrix aber ohne vorherige Besiedlung diente als Kontrolle (Explantation nach 14 Tagen, 7 Proben, 2-3 Tiere; Explantation nach 28 Tagen, 6 Proben, 2 Tiere). Die vorbeschriebenen, positiven mechanischen Eigenschaften der Kollagenmatrix konnten in dieser Studie im Rahmen der Handhabung der besiedelten Matrix bestätigt werden. In der deskriptiven histologischen Auswertung zeigten sich zwischen den Vergleichsgruppen und im zeitlichen Verlauf keine wegweisenden Unterschiede in Bezug auf Neoepithelialisation, Vaskularisierung und Infiltration durch Entzündungszellen. Die gemessene Keratinozytenschichtdicke des nach 14 und 28 Tagen postoperativ explantierten composite grafts wies im zeitlichen Verlauf keinen statistisch signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den errechneten Mittelwerten (10,19±9,12 μm vs 14,26±7,80 μm; p= 0,184) auf. Auch die errechneten Mittelwerte der Keratinozytenschichtdicke der nach 14 und 28 Tagen postoperativ explantierten Proben der Vergleichsansätze wiesen keinen statistisch signifikanten Unterschied auf (21,96±8,30 μm vs 26,74±10,48 μm; p= 0,12). Jedoch zeigten sich im Vergleich der Versuchsansätze untereinander (composite graft vs. Kontrollansatz ohne vorherige Kultivierung der Zellen auf der Kollagenmatrix) jeweils nach 14 Tagen sowie nach 28 Tagen signifikante Differenzen (10,19±9,12 μm vs 21,96±8,30 μm; p= 0,00 und 14,26±7,80 μm vs 26,74±10,48 μm; p= 0,001). Aufgrund der begrenzten Anzahl an Vergleichsproben sollte die Signifikanz der erhobenen Daten äußerst kritisch und als Tendenz betrachtet werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit erlauben unter anderem bezüglich der Methodik (Wahl des Tiermodells, „upside-down“ Technik) eine kritische Interpretation und können als Grundlage für weitere Studien dienen. Prinzipiell erscheint anhand der gewonnenen Daten die Bildung einer Epithelschicht durch Kultivierung von humanen Fibroblasten und Keratinozyten auf der untersuchten Kollagenmembran (CCC) in vivo möglich zu sein. Das untersuchte Material hat sich in den Versuchen als Trägermaterial für die untersuchten Zellen als geeignet dargestellt. Dies ermutigt zu weiterführenden Untersuchungen im Bereich Tissue Engineering und Regenerative Medizin

Boosted dark matter at neutrino experiments

Current and future neutrino experiments can be used to discover dark matter, not only in searches for dark matter annihilating to neutrinos, but also in scenarios where dark matter itself scatters off standard model particles in the detector. In this work, we study the sensitivity of different neutrino detectors to a class of models called boosted dark matter, in which a subdominant component of a dark sector acquires a large Lorentz boost today through annihilation of a dominant component in a dark matter-dense region, such as the galactic Center or dwarf spheroidal galaxies. This analysis focuses on the sensitivity of different neutrino detectors, specifically the Cherenkov-based Super-K and the future argon-based DUNE to boosted dark matter that scatters off electrons. We study the dependence of the expected limits on the experimental features, such as energy threshold, volume and exposure in the limit of constant scattering amplitude. We highlight experiment-specific features that enable current and future neutrino experiments to be a powerful tool in finding signatures of boosted dark matter