Estudo de Incidência de Infecção por SARS-CoV-2 no Município de Feira de Santana, Ba

Doenças infecciosas emergentes e reemergentes são constantes desafios para a Saúde Coletiva global. Recentes casos de pneumonia ocorridos em Wuhan, China, levaram à descoberta de um novo tipo de Coronavírus de RNA envelopado, comumente encontrados em humanos, outros mamíferos e aves, capazes de causar doenças respiratórias, entéricas, hepáticas e neurológicas (ZHU et al., 2020)

Distribuição espacial de dengue, chikungunya e Zika e os determinantes socioeconômicos em um município da Bahia

Introdução: desde 1996, o município de Feira de Santana, na Bahia, apresenta sucessivas epidemias de dengue, sendo as mais importantes, do ponto de vista de incidência da doença, as relatadas em 2002 e 2009, com elevados números de casos registrados, hospitalizações e óbitos. Em 2015, houve destaque no registro de casos das três arboviroses, sendo que além da dengue, observa-se a introdução da chikungunya em 2014 e da Zika em 2015. O índice alto de infestação do Aedes aegypti nas áreas urbana e rural do município pode ter contribuído para a dispersão do vírus.  Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial da incidência das três arboviroses nas áreas urbana (bairros) e rural (distritos) do município do estudo e avaliar a relação entre os casos das arboviroses e os determinantes socioeconômicos. Metodologia: estudo descritivo realizado em Feira de Santana, no período de 2009 a 2017. Os dados foram distribuídos com auxílio do QGIS por bairros e distritos, apresentados em mapas temáticos. Utilizou-se o programa estatístico Stata versão 14 para análise de dados. Resultados: o estudo mostrou que os bairros localizados na periferia do município e os distritos apresentaram as maiores incidências e as piores condições socioeconômicas, além da co-circulação das três arboviroses na mesma área geográfica e no mesmo período. Conclusão: faz-se necessário ter uma rede de diagnóstico e de vigilância epidemiológica e entomológica consolidada a fim de melhorar o controle destas arboviroses e aprimorar a assistência à saúde

Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus in a Rural Community in Brazil

<div><p>Background</p><p>The emergence of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is currently expanding. In 2015, 38,332 cases of Chikungunya were reported to the Brazilian epidemiological surveillance system. Eighteen months after notification of the first case in the city of Feira de Santana, we conducted the first serosurvey to define the magnitude of transmission in a rural community in Brazil.</p><p>Methodology/Main findings</p><p>The serosurvey was conducted in a random sample of 450 residences in the Chapada district, located 100 kilometers from Feira de Santana. We administered questionnaires and tested 120 sera from Chapada district residents for CHIKV IgM- and IgG-specific antibodies. An individual with CHIKV infection was defined as any person with CHIKV IgM or IgG antibodies detected in the serum. One Hundred cases of Chikungunya were reported after prolonged rainfall, which reinforced the relationship between the rainfall index and CHIKV transmission. Eighteen months after the start of the outbreak, we identified a seroprevalence of 20% (95% CI, 15.4–35%). CHIKV IgG- and IgM-specific antibodies were detected in 22/120 (18.3%) and 6/120 (5.0%) individuals, respectively. Among seropositive patients, 13/24 (54.2%) reported fever and joint pain over the previous two years (p<0.01). The rate of symptomatic CHIKV infection was 40.7%.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>We identified a moderate seroprevalence of Chikungunya in the Chapada district, and in half of the confirmed CHIKV infections, patients reported arthralgia and fever over the previous two years.</p></div

Numbers of CHIKV cases, anti-CHIKV IgM status and monthly precipitation in the Chapada district between October 2014 and November 2015.

<p>Numbers of CHIKV cases, anti-CHIKV IgM status and monthly precipitation in the Chapada district between October 2014 and November 2015.</p

Flow chart of the study enrollment and CHIKV IgM and IgG antibody positivity rates.

<p>Flow chart of the study enrollment and CHIKV IgM and IgG antibody positivity rates.</p

Seroprevalence of IgM and IgG antibodies against CHIKV in Chapada, April 2016 (N = 120).

<p>Seroprevalence of IgM and IgG antibodies against CHIKV in Chapada, April 2016 (N = 120).</p

Comparison of individuals with CHIKV IgG- and/or IgM-positive and negative antibodies in the Chapada district (N = 120).

<p>Comparison of individuals with CHIKV IgG- and/or IgM-positive and negative antibodies in the Chapada district (N = 120).</p

Description of 120 individuals enrolled in the serosurvey in the Chapada district.

<p>Description of 120 individuals enrolled in the serosurvey in the Chapada district.</p

Return of the founder Chikungunya virus to its place of introduction into Brazil is revealed by genomic characterization of exanthematic disease cases

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2020-03-10T15:58:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MartaGiovanetti_LCAlcantara_etal_IOC_2020.pdf: 1148514 bytes, checksum: 32d98df74817f86ea43988acd886f4e0 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2020-03-10T16:31:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MartaGiovanetti_LCAlcantara_etal_IOC_2020.pdf: 1148514 bytes, checksum: 32d98df74817f86ea43988acd886f4e0 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-10T16:31:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MartaGiovanetti_LCAlcantara_etal_IOC_2020.pdf: 1148514 bytes, checksum: 32d98df74817f86ea43988acd886f4e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Virologia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Virologia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Coordenação Geral de Vigilância de Arboviroses (CGARB). Brasília, DF, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban. College of Health Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Muniz. Laboratório de Patologia Experimental. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Virologia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil / Secretaria de Saúde de Feira de Santana. Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Coordenação Geral dos Laboratórios de Saúde Pública. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância de Doenças Transmissíveis. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul. MS, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Coordenação de Saúde Laboratórios de Vigilância e Referência. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of Oxford. Oxford, UK.University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban. College of Health Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa.University of Oxford. Oxford, UK.University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban. College of Health Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Coordenação Geral de Vigilância de Arboviroses (CGARB). Brasília, DF, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilBetween June 2017 and August 2018, several municipalities located in Bahia state (Brazil) reported a large increase in the number of patients presenting with febrile illness similar to that of arboviral infections. Using a combination of portable whole genome sequencing, molecular clock and epidemiological analyses, we revealed the return of the CHIKV-ECSA genotype into Bahia. Our results show local persistence of lineages in some municipalities and the re-introduction of new epidemiological strains from different Brazilian regions, highlighting a complex dynamic of transmission between epidemic seasons and sampled locations. Estimated climate-driven transmission potential of CHIKV remained at similar levels throughout the years, such that large reductions in the total number of confirmed cases suggests a slow, but gradual accumulation of herd-immunity over the 4 years of the epidemic in Bahia after its introduction in 2014. Bahia remains a reservoir of the genetic diversity of CHIKV in the Americas, and genomic surveillance strategies are essential to assist in monitoring and understanding arboviral transmission and persistence both locally and over large distances

Persistence of chikungunya ECSA genotype and local outbreak in an upper medium class neighborhood in Northeast Brazil.

The chikungunya East/Central/South/Africa virus lineage (CHIKV-ECSA) was first detected in Brazil in the municipality of Feira de Santana (FS) by mid 2014. Following that, a large number of CHIKV cases have been notified in FS, which is the second-most populous city in Bahia state, northeastern Brazil, and plays an important role on the spread to other Brazilian states due to climate conditions and the abundance of competent vectors. To better understand CHIKV dynamics in Bahia state, we generated 5 complete genome sequences from a local outbreak raised in Serraria Brasil, a neighbourhood in FS, by next-generation sequencing using Illumina approach. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that the new FS genomes belongs to the ECSA genotype and falls within a single strongly supported monophyletic clade that includes other older CHIKV sequences from the same location, suggesting the persistence of the virus during distinct epidemic seasons. We also performed minor variants analysis and found a small number of SNPs per sample (b_29L and e_45SR = 16 SNPs, c_29SR = 29 and d_45PL and f_45FL = 21 SNPs). Out of the 93 SNPs found, 71 are synonymous, 21 are non-synonymous and one generated a stop codon. Although those mutations are not related to the increase of virus replication and/or infectivity, some SNPs were found in non-structural proteins which may have an effect on viral evasion from the mammal immunological system. These findings reinforce the needing of further studies on those variants and of continued genomic surveillance strategies to track viral adaptations and to monitor CHIKV epidemics for improved public health control