55 research outputs found

    Muscular Dystrophies at Different Ages: Metabolic and Endocrine Alterations

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    Common metabolic and endocrine alterations exist across a wide range of muscular dystrophies. Skeletal muscle plays an important role in glucose metabolism and is a major participant in different signaling pathways. Therefore, its damage may lead to different metabolic disruptions. Two of the most important metabolic alterations in muscular dystrophies may be insulin resistance and obesity. However, only insulin resistance has been demonstrated in myotonic dystrophy. In addition, endocrine disturbances such as hypogonadism, low levels of testosterone, and growth hormone have been reported. This eventually will result in consequences such as growth failure and delayed puberty in the case of childhood dystrophies. Other consequences may be reduced male fertility, reduced spermatogenesis, and oligospermia, both in childhood as well as in adult muscular dystrophies. These facts all suggest that there is a need for better comprehension of metabolic and endocrine implications for muscular dystrophies with the purpose of developing improved clinical treatments and/or improvements in the quality of life of patients with dystrophy. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to describe the current knowledge about of metabolic and endocrine alterations in diverse types of dystrophinopathies, which will be divided into two groups: childhood and adult dystrophies which have different age of onset

    Systemic Inflammation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Association with Muscle Function and Nutritional Status

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    Inflammation described in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) may be related to loss of muscle function or to obesity. It is unknown if circulating proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1, and TNF-) levels are associated with muscle function. The purpose was to evaluate whether an association exists between systemic inflammation with muscle function and nutritional status in DMD patients. In 66 DMD patients without corticosteroid treatment, the following were evaluated in serum: cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-), C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, adiponectin, and creatine kinase (CK). Muscle function was evaluated using Vignos Scale. Patients with better muscle function had the highest concentration of CK, IL-1, and TNF-compared with less muscle function. No differences in IL-6 and adiponectin concentration were identified among groups with different levels of muscle function. Also, no differences were observed in the concentration of cytokines among groups with different nutritional status levels (underweight, normal weight, and overweight/obese). However, CRP and leptin were increased in the obese group compared with normal and underweight subjects. Systemic inflammation is increased in patients with better muscle function and decreases in DMD patients with poorer muscle function; nevertheless, systemic inflammation is similar among different levels of nutritional status in DMD patients

    COMPARACIÓN DEL ESFUERZO REPRODUCTOR EN DOS ESPECIES HERMANAS DEL GÉNERO SCELOPORUS (SAURIA: PHRYNOSOMATIDAE) CON DIFERENTE MODO REPRODUCTOR

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    Relative clutch and litter mass were assessed in two sibling species (Sceloporus aeneus and S. bicanthalis) with different reproductive mode (oviparous and viviparous, respectively). S. bicanthalis had a greater relative litter mass than the relative clutch mass of S. aeneus, these values are the highest recorded for the genus Sceloporus. Individual neonate weights were not significantly different after hatching or birth, suggesting that differences in values of relative clutch and litter mass between species are due to different embryo stages.Se estudió el tamaño y la masa relativa de la camada o la nidada en dos especies de lacertilios emparentados (Sceloporus aeneus y S. bicanthalis) que presentan diferente modo reproductor (ovíparo y vivíparo, respectivamente). En ambas especies, el tamaño de la camada o la nidada se incrementó con el peso de las hembras y no hubo diferencias significativas entre ambas especies. S. bicanthalis presentó una masa relativa significativamente mayor que su especie hermana S. aeneus. Los índices del esfuerzo reproductor obtenidos en el estudio, son los más altos registrados para el género Sceloporus. No se presentaron diferencias significativas en el peso de las crías después de la eclosión o del parto, lo que sugiere que la diferencia en los valores de la masa relativa entre especies es debida a los estadios embrionarios en que se encuentra la progenie al ser analizada

    Sensibilización al gato en pacientes con alergia respiratoria, experiencia de una institución universitaria

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    Antecedentes: La frecuencia de sensibilización al gato en sujetos con alergia respiratoria puede ser hasta de 60% y es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar alergia al gato. Objetivo: Establecer la frecuencia de sensibilización al gato por exposición ambiental y por prueba cutánea al alérgeno de gato Fel d1 en pacientes con alergia respiratoria. Métodos: Estudio transversal prospectivo comparativo realizado de agosto a noviembre del 2009. Se Incluyeron 198 sujetos divididos en dos grupos (un grupo de 98 pacientes con alergia respiratoria y otro con 100 controles sanos). Se les aplicó un cuestionario clínico epidemiológico y prueba cutánea con alérgeno de gato Fel d1 (1:20 p/v) mediante el método de punción epicutánea (Prick-test). Resultados: La frecuencia de sensibilización al gato medida por prueba cutánea en pacientes con alergia respiratoria fue de 25% comparado con 10% en sanos (p = 0.004). En los sujetos con rinitis alérgica y asma la frecuencia de sensibilización al gato fue de 31% y en los sujetos que tenían exclusivamente rinitis alérgica fue de 22% (p = 0.416). La presencia de síntomas a la exposición ambiental con gato en el grupo de pacientes con alergia respiratoria fue de 19%, en los sujetos sanos fue de 2% (p < 0.001). La presencia de gato en casa en pacientes con alergia respiratoria que fueron sensibles a la prueba cutánea de alérgeno de gato fue de 1%. Los pacientes tuvieron una frecuencia de sensibilidad a otros alérgenos como D. pteronyssinus (80%), D. farinae (72%), Cynodon (52%), Amaranthus, Salsola y Fraxinus (40% cada uno). Conclusión: La frecuencia de sensibilización al gato en sujetos con alergia respiratoria fue de 25%, similar a lo informado por otras series

    The development of creativeness and education at work in the medical sciences

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    El significado de la educación en el trabajo ha evolucionado en el tiempo, su máximo promotor el Dr. Fidel Ilizástigui Dupuy fue madurando el concepto a lo largo de los años a partir de la concepciones marxistas – leninistas y martianas de vinculación del estudio y el trabajo, su aplicación por Fidel Castro como principio de la educación cubana y a partir de sus propias experiencias, el estudio de lo más novedoso en materia de enseñanza médica y pedagogía y mediante la observación y análisis de las tendencias en la educación médica de diversos países que visitó. Su concepción se fue ampliando en contenido desde considerarla como una forma organizativa de la enseñanza hasta entenderla como principio rector de la educación médica en estrecha relación con la integración docente – asistencial – investigativa y el método de solución de problemas unido al desarrollo de independencia cognoscitiva y desarrollo de un pensamiento creador. Sus postulados mantienen vigencia a la par que se actualizan y generan nuevas investigaciones. Su correcta aplicación incide en mejoría de la asistencia y la calidad de los servicios. En esta dirección se pudo constar en la práctica educativa ascensos notables en algunas dimensiones de la creatividad en los estudiantes de tercer año de la carrera que cursan sus estudios en el Hospital Universitario “Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández” de Matanzas, lo cual confirma los presupuestos teóricos en la práctica así como los niveles de satisfacción de los estudiantes que se elevaron a planos superiores.The meaning of the education at work has evolved with ages. Its principal promoter, Dr. Fidel Ilizástigui Dupuy, kept developing this concept on the basis of Marxist – Leninist conceptions, Martí’s conception of the link between study and job and its application by Fidel Castro as a principle of the Cuban Education, from his own experience along the years, as well as from the study of the newest in terms of medical teaching and pedagogy and through the observation and analysis of the medical education tendencies in the different countries he visited. His conception was getting wide in content, from being considered as a teaching form of organization, to being understood as a leading principle of medical education, in a close relationship with the teaching – assistive – investigative integration and the problem solving method together with the development of cognitive independency and of a creative thought. His postulates keep current, at the same time they get updated and generate new researches. Its correct application allows to improve medical assistance and the quality of services. In this direction it was possible to confirm considerable enhancements in some dimensions of creativeness in third year medical students who attend “Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández” University Hospital in Matanzas, which supports the theoretical foundations in the praxis. Also, the students’ levels of satisfaction increased highly &nbsp

    Valganciclovir—Ganciclovir Use and Systematic Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. An Invitation to Antiviral Stewardship

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    Valganciclovir (VGCV) and ganciclovir (GCV) doses must be adjusted according to indication, renal function and weight. No specific therapeutic exposure values have been established. We aimed to evaluate the adequacy of VGCV/GCV doses, to assess the interpatient variability in GCV serum levels, to identify predictive factors for this variability and to assess the clinical impact. This is a prospective study at a tertiary institution including hospitalized patients receiving VGCV/GCV prophylaxis or treatment. Adequacy of the antiviral dose was defined according to cytomegalovirus guidelines. Serum levels were determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Blood samples were drawn at least 3 days after antiviral initiation. Outcome was considered favorable if there was no evidence of cytomegalovirus infection during prophylaxis or when a clinical and microbiological resolution was attained within 21 days of treatment and no need for drug discontinuation due to toxicity. Seventy consecutive patients [74.3% male/median age: 59.2 years] were included. VGCV was used in 25 patients (35.7%) and GCV in 45 (64.3%). VGCV/GCV initial dosage was deemed adequate in 47/70 cases (67.1%), lower than recommended in 7/70 (10%) and higher in 16/70 (22.9%). Large inter-individual variability of serum levels was observed, with median trough levels of 2.3 mg/L and median peak levels of 7.8 mg/L. Inadequate dosing of VGCV/GCV and peak levels lower than 8.37 or greater than 11.86 mg/L were related to poor outcome. Further studies must be performed to confirm these results and to conclusively establish if VGCV/GCV therapeutic drug monitoring could be useful to improve outcomes in specific clinical situations

    Evaluación de la capacidad funcional mediante prueba de marcha de 6 minutos en niños con asma

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    Los pacientes con asma muestran menor tolerancia al ejercicio. Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad funcional en niños con asma. ABSTRACT Asthma patients show lower exercise tolerance. Objective: Assessment of functional capacity in children with asthma
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