Clinical Evidence of the Efficacy of a Mouthwash Containing Propolis for the Control of Plaque and Gingivitis: A Phase II Study

The aim of this study was to evidence the clinical efficacy of an alcohol-free mouthwash containing 5.0% (W/V) Brazilian green propolis (MGP 5%) for the control of plaque and gingivitis. Twenty five subjects, men and women aging between 18 and 60 years old (35 ± 9), were included in a clinical trials phase II study who had a minimum of 20 sound natural teeth, a mean plaque index of at least 1.5 (PI), and a mean gingival index of at least 1.0 (GI). They were instructed to rinse with 10 mL of mouthwash test for 1 minute, immediately after brushing in the morning and at night. After 45 and 90 days using mouthwash, the results showed a significant reduction in plaque and in gingival index when compared to samples obtained in baseline. These reductions were at 24% and 40%, respectively (P < .5). There were no important side effects in soft and hard tissues of the mouth. In this study, the MGP 5% showed evidence of its efficacy in reducing PI and GI. However, it is necessary to perform a clinical trial, double-blind, randomized to validate such effectiveness

Clinical Evidence of the Efficacy of a Mouthwash Containing Propolis for the Control of Plaque and Gingivitis: A Phase II Study

The aim of this study was to evidence the clinical efficacy of an alcohol-free mouthwash containing 5.0% (W/V) Brazilian green propolis (MGP 5%) for the control of plaque and gingivitis. Twenty five subjects, men and women aging between 18 and 60 years old (35 ± 9), were included in a clinical trials phase II study who had a minimum of 20 sound natural teeth, a mean plaque index of at least 1.5 (PI), and a mean gingival index of at least 1.0 (GI). They were instructed to rinse with 10 mL of mouthwash test for 1 minute, immediately after brushing in the morning and at night. After 45 and 90 days using mouthwash, the results showed a significant reduction in plaque and in gingival index when compared to samples obtained in baseline. These reductions were at 24% and 40%, respectively (P &lt; .5). There were no important side effects in soft and hard tissues of the mouth. In this study, the MGP 5% showed evidence of its efficacy in reducing PI and GI. However, it is necessary to perform a clinical trial, double-blind, randomized to validate such effectiveness

African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Full Length Reseach Paper Synergic effect of associated green, red and brown Brazilian propolis extract onto Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis

Propolis is an organotherapeutic product collected by honeybees and has relevant pharmacological properties, highlighting the high antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the synergistic effect between three ethanol extract of different Brazilian propolis samples: gree

Consultas neurológicas e diagnósticos em um grande hospital universitário dedicado a COVID-19

Background: More than one-third of COVID-19 patients present neurological symptomsranging from anosmia to stroke and encephalopathy. Furthermore, pre-existingneurological conditions may require special treatment and may be associated with worseoutcomes. Notwithstanding, the role of neurologists in COVID-19 is probablyunderrecognized. Objective: The aim of this study was to report the reasons forrequesting neurological consultations by internists and intensivists in a COVID-19-dedicated hospital. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at Hospital dasClínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, a 900-bedCOVID-19 dedicated center (including 300 intensive care unit beds). COVID-19 diagnosiswas confirmed by SARS-CoV-2-RT-PCR in nasal swabs. All inpatient neurologyconsultations between March 23rd and May 23rd, 2020 were analyzed. Neurologistsperformed the neurological exam, assessed all available data to diagnose theneurological condition, and requested additional tests deemed necessary. Difficultdiagnoses were established in consensus meetings. After diagnosis, neurologists wereinvolved in the treatment. Results: Neurological consultations were requested for 89 outof 1,208 (7.4%) inpatient COVID admissions during that period. Main neurologicaldiagnoses included: encephalopathy (44.4%), stroke (16.7%), previous neurologicaldiseases (9.0%), seizures (9.0%), neuromuscular disorders (5.6%), other acute brainlesions (3.4%), and other mild nonspecific symptoms (11.2%). Conclusions: Mostneurological consultations in a COVID-19-dedicated hospital were requested for severeconditions that could have an impact on the outcome. First-line doctors should be able torecognize neurological symptoms; neurologists are important members of the medicalteam in COVID-19 hospital care.Introdução: Mais de um terço dos pacientes com COVID-19 apresentam sintomasneurológicos que variam de anosmia a AVC e encefalopatia. Além disso, doençasneurológicas prévias podem exigir tratamento especial e estar associadas a pioresdesfechos. Não obstante, o papel dos neurologistas na COVID-19 é provavelmentepouco reconhecido. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar os motivos para solicitarconsultas neurológicas por clínicos e intensivistas em um hospital dedicado à COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade deMedicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil, um centro dedicado à COVID-19 com900 leitos (incluindo 300 leitos para unidades de terapia intensiva). O diagnóstico deCOVID-19 foi confirmado por SARS-CoV-2-RT-PCR em swabs nasais. Todas asinterconsultas de neurologia hospitalar entre 23 de março e 23 de maio de 2020 foramanalisadas. Os neurologistas realizaram o exame neurológico, avaliaram todos os dadosdisponíveis para diagnosticar a patologia neurológica e solicitaram exames adicionaisconforme necessidade. Diagnósticos difíceis foram estabelecidos em reuniões deconsenso. Após o diagnóstico, os neurologistas participaram da condução dos casos.Resultados: Foram solicitadas consultas neurológicas para 89 de 1.208 (7,4%) empacientes internados por COVID-19 durante o período. Os principais diagnósticosneurológicos incluíram: encefalopatia (44,4%), acidente vascular cerebral (16,7%),doenças neurológicas prévias (9,0%), crises epilépticas (9,0%), transtornosneuromusculares (5,6%), outras lesões encefálicas agudas (3,4%) e outros sintomasleves inespecíficos (11,2%). Conclusões: A maioria das consultas neurológicas em umhospital dedicado à COVID-19 foi solicitada para condições graves que poderiam afetaro desfecho clínico. Os médicos na linha de frente devem ser capazes de reconhecersintomas neurológicos. Os neurologistas são membros importantes da equipe médica noatendimento hospitalar à COVID-19

Verniz à base de quitosana contendo própolis verde brasileira: avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana, citotoxicidade e perfil de liberação

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-14T12:32:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta__o_mestrado_mariana_passos_de_luca.pdf: 1862927 bytes, checksum: 159992e7e34abca387003542a557c7b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 30Os vernizes são formulações que, ao serem associadas com antimicrobianos, tem sido utilizadas em Odontologia para o controle e a prevenção do biofilme cariogênico. Nesse contexto, a clorexidina é o padrão utilizado como princípio ativo dos vernizes odontológicos. Entretanto, a clorexidina exibe efeitos indesejáveis como alteração do paladar e coloração dos dentes e da mucosa. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um verniz polimérico à base de quitosana e própolis verde com a finalidade de controlar e prevenir o biofilme cariogênico, considerando que a própolis tem demonstrado atividade antimicrobiana contra microorganismos patogênicos da cavidade bucal comprovada mundialmente em diversos estudos já publicados. Ao verniz polimérico contendo quitosana foi adicionado extrato etanólico de própolis verde brasileira em diferentes concentrações, sendo cada uma delas: verniz A (15% de extrato etanólico de própolis verde/EEP), verniz B (10% EEP), verniz C (5% EEP), verniz D (7,5% EEP), verniz E (5% EEP), verniz F (10% EEP), verniz G (5% EEP). A atividade antimicrobiana foi testada de acordo com as normas CLSI contra amostras padrão de Streptococcus mutans e Streptococcus sanguinis pelo método de difusão em ágar. Os resultados foram obtidos através da média das medidas dos halos de inibição e de seus desvios-padrões e demonstraram que todos os vernizes inibiram o crescimento dos dois microorganismos testados, porém, após 24 horas, o verniz B exibiu o maior halo de inibição para S. mutans (8,92±0,68), enquanto que o verniz A mostrou o maior halo de inibição contra S. sanguinis (10,91±0,79) no mesmo período. Após 48 horas, o verniz F apresentou halos de inibição maiores para S. mutans (9,53±1,07) enquanto, contra o S. sanguinis, os maiores halos de inibição foram observados para o verniz A (10,23±0,35). O teste de citotoxicidade dos vernizes sob osteoblastos foi feito obedecendo às normas ISO 10993-5 e utilizando o ensaio colorimétrico com MTT para verificar a viabilidade celular, o qual demonstrou que todas as formulações dos vernizes mantiveram 80% das células viáveis, demonstrando baixa citotoxicidade, apresentando diferença estatisticamente significativa apenas com o verniz base contendo apenas quitosana, que permitiu a proliferação celular (120%). O teste de liberação controlada da própolis foi feito através da aplicação de 40 µL de cada verniz na superfície de esmalte dentes bovinos e mantidos em solução etanol/água em tempos regulares. O resultado demonstrou que, para liberação imediata, próximo a 8 horas, os melhores desempenhos foram observados para os vernizes E e F; demonstraram médio desempenho os vernizes G e A; os piores desempenhos foram observados para os vernizes C, D e B. O melhor desempenho em liberação prolongada foi do verniz A. Todos esses dados nos permitem concluir que o verniz à base de quitosana contendo extrato etanólico de própolis verde tem potencial para ser aplicado clinicamente na prevenção e controle do biofilme dental cariogênico, sendo que a formulação do verniz A, contendo própolis verde a 15% obteve os resultados mais favoráveis em todos os testes a que foi submetido.Varnishes are formulations that, when associated with antimicrobials, are being used in Dentistry to control and prevent cariogenic biofilm. In this context, chlorhexidine is the gold standard in antimicrobial varnishes, although chlorexidine has some side effects affecting taste and oral mucosa. The aim of this work was to develop a polymeric varnish containing chitosan and Brazilian green propolis to control and prevent cariogenic biofilm, considering that propolis has been demonstrating antimicrobial activity against oral pathogenic bacteria in several studies worldwide. To the chitosan polymeric varnish was added green propolis ethanolic extract in different concentrations: varnish A (15% green propolis ethanolic extract/GPEE), varnish B (10% GPEE), varnish C (5% GPEE), varnish D (7, 5% GPEE), varnish E (5% GPEE), varnish F (10% GPEE), varnish G (5% GPEE). The antimicrobial activity was tested according to CLSI (2007) patterns and carried out against standard samples of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis through agar diffusion method. Results were obtained through the mean size of the inhibiting halo and their deviation standards, which showed that all the varnishes inhibited both bacteria, but in 24 hours, varnish B formed the biggest halo at S. mutans (8,92±0,68), while varnish A formed the biggest halo at S. sanguinis (10,91±0,79) at the same period. After 48 hours, varnish F formed the biggest halo at S. mutans (9,53±1,07) and varnish A formed the biggest halo at S. sanguinis (10,23±0,35). The cytotoxicity test with osteoblasts was made according to the ISO 100993-5 patterns and the cellular viability was accessed through the MTT essay, which demonstrated that all the varnishes kept 80% of the viable cells, showing low cytotoxicity and presenting significative statistical difference with the varnish base containing just chitosan, which allowed cellular proliferation (120%). The sustained-release test was carried out after the aplication of 40 µL of each varnish in the enamel surface of bovine teeth and kept in ethanol/water solution in regular times. Results showed that, in therms of immediate liberation, next to 8 hours, the best performance was observed in the varnishes E and F; mean performance was reached by the G and A varnishes; and the worst performance was observed in the C, D and B varnishes.The best prolonged performance was made by varnish A. These results allow us to conclude that the varnish containing chitosan and Brazilian green propolis has potencial to be applied clinically in the prevention and control of cariogenic biofilm, considering that the formulation of the varnish A, containing 15% of the green propolis ethanolic extract, gave the best results in all the applied tests

The anti-caries activity and toxicity of an experimental propolis-containing varnish

Abstract We investigated the anti-caries effects of an experimental propolis varnish in vivo, and further tested its toxicity against fibroblasts. Fifty-six SPF female Wistar rats were infected with Streptococcus mutans UA159 (SM) and allocated into four groups (n = 14/group): G1, propolis varnish (15%/PV); G2, chitosan varnish (CV/vehicle); G3, gold standard (GS/Duraphat®); and G4, untreated. The animals received a single varnish application on their molars and were submitted to a high cariogenic challenge (Diet-2000, 56% sucrose, and 5% sucrose-added water, ad libitum) for 4 weeks. Total cultivable microbiota and SM were counted, and smooth-surface and sulcal caries were scored. PV, CV and GS cytotoxic effects were tested against fibroblasts. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with the Tukey-Kramer test (p ≤ 0.05). Total microbiota and SM counts did not differ among the treatments (p = 0.78), or in relation to the untreated group (p = 0.52). PV reduced development of smooth-surface enamel caries compared with the untreated group (p = 0.0018), with no significant difference from GS (p = 0.92); however, the PV effects were no longer observed when the dentin was affected. Neither PV nor GS prevented enamel sulcal lesion onset, but GS significantly reduced the severity of dentinal sulcal lesions (p < 0.0001). No significant difference was observed in fibroblast viability between PV and GS (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, PV prevented smooth-surface enamel caries and showed low cell toxicity. Nevertheless, due to the high cariogenic challenge, its effects were not sustained throughout the experiment. Further studies are encouraged to establish a protocol to sustain the long-term anti-caries activity of PV in the oral cavity

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field