Effect to age on the geographic variation in morphometric traits among populations of Boana cordobae (Anura: Hylidae)

La variación morfométrica del tamaño corporal es un aspecto importante de la historia natural de las especies, que ha sido de particular interés. En este estudio se estimaron diferencias en el tamaño corporal y la estructura de edad de seis poblaciones de Boana cordobae que viven a diferentes altitudes, 808-2 310 m.a.s.l. en las provincias de Córdoba y San Luis (Argentina). La técnica de esqueletocronología se utilizó para la determinación de la edad, mediante la medición de 15 variables morfométricas en 79 individuos. Las variables morfométricas mostraron diferencias significativas entre sexos, siendo las hembras de mayor tamaño que los machos, incluso cuando el efecto de la edad se tuvo en cuenta; y se encontró una relación significativa entre la edad y la mayoría de las variables morfométricas. Cuando el efecto de la edad fue removido, se encontraron diferencias significativas en el tamaño del cuerpo entre las poblaciones estudiadas. Machos de poblaciones de mayor altitud son más grandes que los de altitudes menores. Estos resultados sugieren que las diferencias en la estructura de edad entre las poblaciones es un factor de importancia a tener en cuenta para analizar la variación en el tamaño corporal de esta especie según el área geográfica.The morphometric variation of body size is an important topic of the natural history of the species which has been received particular interest. In this study, we estimated differences in body size and age structure of six populations of Boana cordobae living at different altitudes, 808-2 310 m.a.s.l. in Córdoba and San Luis provinces (Argentina). We measured 15 morphometric variables and used skeletochronology to age determina- tion of 79 individuals. Morphometric variables showed significant differences between sexes, being females larger than males, even when the effect of age was taken into account. We found a significant relationship between age and most of the morphometric variables. When removing the effects of age, we found significant inter-population differences in body size. Males from the high-elevation populations were larger than individuals from low-elevation populations. These results suggest that a difference in age structure between populations is a main factor for the geographic variation in body size of this species.Fil: Baraquet, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Ecología; ArgentinaFil: Otero, Manuel Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Ecología; ArgentinaFil: Grenat, Pablo Raúl. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Ecología; ArgentinaFil: Babini, María Selene. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Ecología; ArgentinaFil: Martino, Adolfo Ludovico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Ecología; Argentin

The Angiotensin Affair: How Great Minds Thinking Alike Came to a Historical Agreement

In 1934, J. C. Fasciolo had to submit a thesis and Dr. Houssay suggested he investigate about nephrogenic hypertension. E. Braun‐Menéndez showed interest in helping and Drs. L.F. Leloir and J.M. Muñoz from the Institute of Physiology joined them in their attempt to isolate and purify the pressor substance. In 1939, they extracted the substance “hypertension” from the venous blood from the ischemic kidneys. They proposed an enzyme‐substrate reaction. They named hypertensinogen the substrate and hypertensinases the enzymes that break down the hypertension. Two months following the Argentine publication, the team in the United States, formed by I.H. Page and O.M. Helmer, published their findings, which were in agreement with those reported by the Argentine team. By 1940, they isolated angiotonin, the equivalent of hypertension, and called the renin substrate hypertensinogen. In 1957, in the conference held in Ann Arbor, Braun‐Menéndez and Page agreed on a new nomenclature. As a result, the words angiotensinogen and angiotensin were born from the combination of the names originally set by both teams. The discovery of the renin‐angiotensin system is an example that science should follow: Value the progress made by colleagues, collaborate side by side, and pursue the ultimate truth

Low-cost proportional automatic control valve

El control y la automatización son las claves para escalar a la industria 3.0, en un proceso las válvulas de control son responsables de realizar una acción correctiva en el flujo del proceso contra un punto de ajuste en el circuito de control PID, desafortunadamente su alto costo no permite la implementación de estos equipos en academia y pequeñas industrias. Este proyecto se basó en el desarrollo de un prototipo funcional en hardware y software de una válvula proporcional para control automático de bajo costo, acoplando una válvula convencional encontrada en el mercado configurada con microcontroladores, obteniendo un dispositivo de bajo costo en comparación con los existentes en el mercado que satisfaga necesidades similares. El proyecto se dividió en cuatro etapas: i) acoplamiento mecánico de la válvula y el motor paso a paso, ii) conexión eléctrica del motor con el microcontrolador Arduino, iii) programación del código para controlar el porcentaje de apertura de la válvula en relación directa con el número de pasos del motor, iv) transcripción del código de programación al microcontrolador Raspberry para controlar la válvula con el teléfono celular. Se realizó un prototipo funcional con capacidad de respuesta rápida y se configuraron cinco botones para el porcentaje de apertura de 0, 25, 50, 75, 100%. Además de esto, fue posible construir una interfaz de celda de válvula con un microcontrolador Raspberry ejecutado a través de la aplicación móvil de Google, Home Assistant, para controlar la válvula de forma remota.Control and automation are the keys to escalate to industry 3.0, in a process the control valves are responsible for performing a corrective action in the process stream against a set point in the PID control loop, unfortunately its high cost does not allow the implementation of these equipment in academia and small industries. This project was based on the development of a functional prototype in hardware and software of a proportional valve for low-cost automatic control, coupling a conventional valve found in the market configured with microcontrollers, obtaining a low-cost device compared to those existing in the market that satisfy similar needs. The project was divided into four stages: i) mechanical coupling of the valve and the stepper motor, ii) electrical connection of the motor with the Arduino microcontroller, iii) programming the code to control the percentage of valve opening in direct relation with the number of steps of the motor, iv) transcription of the programming code to the Raspberry microcontroller to control the valve with the cell phone. A functional prototype with rapid response capacity was made and five buttons were set for the opening percentage of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 %. In addition to this, it was possible to build a valve cell interface with a Raspberry microcontroller run through Google's mobile app, Home Assistant, to remotely control the valve

Thioredoxin and glutathione systems differ in parasitic and free-living platyhelminths

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The thioredoxin and/or glutathione pathways occur in all organisms. They provide electrons for deoxyribonucleotide synthesis, function as antioxidant defenses, in detoxification, Fe/S biogenesis and participate in a variety of cellular processes. In contrast to their mammalian hosts, platyhelminth (flatworm) parasites studied so far, lack conventional thioredoxin and glutathione systems. Instead, they possess a linked thioredoxin-glutathione system with the selenocysteine-containing enzyme thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) as the single redox hub that controls the overall redox homeostasis. TGR has been recently validated as a drug target for schistosomiasis and new drug leads targeting TGR have recently been identified for these platyhelminth infections that affect more than 200 million people and for which a single drug is currently available. Little is known regarding the genomic structure of flatworm TGRs, the expression of TGR variants and whether the absence of conventional thioredoxin and glutathione systems is a signature of the entire platyhelminth phylum.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We examine platyhelminth genomes and transcriptomes and find that all platyhelminth parasites (from classes Cestoda and Trematoda) conform to a biochemical scenario involving, exclusively, a selenium-dependent linked thioredoxin-glutathione system having TGR as a central redox hub. In contrast, the free-living platyhelminth <it>Schmidtea mediterranea </it>(Class Turbellaria) possesses conventional and linked thioredoxin and glutathione systems. We identify TGR variants in <it>Schistosoma </it>spp. derived from a single gene, and demonstrate their expression. We also provide experimental evidence that alternative initiation of transcription and alternative transcript processing contribute to the generation of TGR variants in platyhelminth parasites.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results indicate that thioredoxin and glutathione pathways differ in parasitic and free-living flatworms and that canonical enzymes were specifically lost in the parasitic lineage. Platyhelminth parasites possess a unique and simplified redox system for diverse essential processes, and thus TGR is an excellent drug target for platyhelminth infections. Inhibition of the central redox wire hub would lead to overall disruption of redox homeostasis and disable DNA synthesis.</p

Factores implicados en el desarrollo de arritmias ventriculares potencialmente fatales en pacientes bajo tratamiento de hemodiálisis

Introducción: Los pacientes en hemodiálisis exhiben una frecuencia muy elevada  de mortalidad de origen cardiaco. Objetivo: Describir los principales factores implicados en el desarrollo de arritmias ventriculares potencialmente fatales en pacientes bajo tratamiento de  hemodiálisis. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda  bibliográfica a partir de las palabras clave seleccionadas en la base de datos MEDLINE y SciELO disponibles en la red de INFOMED. En la búsqueda se encontraron 150 artículos del tema en cuestión referidos en los últimos 30 años, de los cuales 66 fueron referenciados en este trabajo. Se utilizaron Pubmed y Scielo como motores de búsqueda. Desarrollo: La hemodiálisis es capaz de inducir isquemia miocárdica y potencialmente conducir a fallo cardiaco, precipitando la aparición de arritmias ventriculares. Un grupo de factores ha sido implicado en la génesis de estas arritmias; sin embargo, los efectos arritmogénicos de la hemodiálisis no han sido uniformemente documentados. La enfermedad cardiaca preexistente  y la presencia de factores que actúan como disparadores, algunos de los cuales pueden predominar, son probablemente los mecanismos implicados en el desarrollo de arritmias. Conclusiones: Los factores de mayor importancia implicados en la aparición de arritmias fatales durante la hemodiálisis son la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda asociada a disfunción ventricular; la enfermedad de arterias coronarias preexistente; la isquemia cardiaca aguda inducida por la hemodiálisis; las variaciones abruptas de las concentraciones de electrolitos y la sobreactividad simpática.Palabras clave: Hemodiálisis, arritmias ventriculares, enfermedad renal crónica terminal, síndrome cardiorenal, muerte súbita, monitorización Holter, electrocardiogramaABSTRACT Introduction: Hemodialysis patients have very high cardiac mortality rates. Objective: To describe the most important factors implicated in the development of ventricular arrhythmias in patients under hemodialysis treatment. Material and Methods: A bibliography searching was performed using the selected key words from the Medline database and SciELO available on INFOMED network. In order to find this information, Pubmed and Scielo were used as search engine.  115 scientific articles during last thirsty years were found, 66 of them were referenced in this review. Development: Hemodialysis is capable of inducing myocardial ischemia and potentially leading to heart failure, precipitating ventricular arrhythmia. A number of factors have been implicated in the genesis of these arrhythmias; however, the arrhythmogenic effect of dialysis has not been uniformly documented. It seems to be that the presence of preexisting cardiac disease and the interaction of multiple factors that act as trigger, some of which prime for the development of arrhythmias, are likely the most important mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias in dialysis patients. Conclusions: Factors assuming greater importance in the development of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in hemodialysis patients may include left ventricular hypertrophy associated with ventricular dysfunction; preexisting coronary artery disease; dialysis-inducedacute cardiac ischemia; abrupt electrolytes concentration shift and sympathetic over activity.Key words: Hemodialysis, ventricular arrhythmias, end-stage renal disease, cardiorenal syndrome, sudden cardiac death, Holter monitoring, electrocardiogram.</p

Students’ Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics Concepts from Feynman’s Sum of all Paths Applied to Light

We analyse part of the implementation of a didactic sequence to teach different aspects of light in a unified non traditional framework. The goal was to propose the quantum theory of light as a universal framework to describe different phenomena observed. The laws of quantum mechanics for light using Feynman´s “Sum of all Paths” approach adapted to the mathematical level of the students was proposed as a model to explain the experiences. This particular denomination of Feynman´s approach is an intentional choice to avoid the language of "integral" because the students haven't had calculus. Graphic representations and basic operations with vectors capturing the essential aspects of the theory, were used. Simulations made with the software GeoGebra(R) and Modellus were created to help students visualize the formulation. The sequence was carried out in four courses (aged 15-16). For the data analysis, an answer categorization was formulated, considering among other aspects the quantum reformulation of experiment shown herein. This analysis seeks to understand the student´s conceptualization process about quantum interpretation. The results support the conclusion that the conceptualization is complex, and slow, due to both the concepts involved and the representation systems demanded by the situations.Fil: Fanaro, Maria de Los Angeles. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Arlego, Marcelo José Fabián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; ArgentinaFil: Otero, Maria Rita. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; ArgentinaFil: Elgue, Mariana. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Sexual Size Dimorphism in Relation to Age and Growth in Hypsiboas cordobae (Anura: Hylidae) from Córdoba, Argentina

Most anurans exhibit sexual size dimorphism (SSD). This morphological variation between the sexes may be attributed to different ages at maturity, growth rate, or longevity. We present the first data on age structure and growth pattern of Hypsiboas cordobae using skeletochronology, and analyze SSD considering age-specific differences in body size based on 71 individuals. Snout-vent length (SVL) and body mass (BM) were significantly different between the sexes. Females were larger and heavier than males, but mean age between adult males and females was not significantly different. Minimum age at sexual maturity, longevity, and potential reproductive lifespan did not differ between the sexes. Female SVL and BM at sexual maturity were significantly larger than those of males. ANCOVA revealed significant sexual differences in body size and weight. The sexual dimorphism index in body size was 0.0679 (SVL) and 0.3621 (BM). Growth curves using the von Bertalanffy model showed a similar profile in both sexes, but the growth coefficient was higher in males. Age determination and the von Bertalanffy growth model for H. cordobae allowed us to determine SSD and our results may provide baseline data on the demography of H. cordobae.Fil: Otero, Manuel Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Ecología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Baraquet, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Ecología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Pollo, Favio Ezequiel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Ecología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Grenat, Pablo Raúl. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Ecología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Sala, Nancy. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Ecología; ArgentinaFil: Martino, Adolfo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Cátedra de Ecología; Argentin

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Mn(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Coordination Compounds Assembled by Maleato and Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridines

We have reported the synthesis and crystalline molecular and supramolecular structures of three novel complexes of Mn(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), 1–3, respectively, employing maleato and dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridines as ligands. 1 is a 1D polymer, where the Mn centers are six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry. 2 is a dinuclear complex, generated by supramolecular interactions, where Ni ions are six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry. 3 is a dinuclear complex with five-coordinated Cu ions having a slightly-distorted square pyramidal geometry. Furthermore, solid-state assemblies on the structures of 1–3 generate supramolecular frameworks, mainly through hydrogen bonding: 2D for complexes 1 and 2, and 3D for complex 3. Thus, the versatility in the different coordination modes of maleato ligand: chelate bidentate and bridging- monodentate for polymer 1, monodentate for complex 2 and chelate bidentate for complex 3; has been evidenced by generating divergent coordination compounds of three different transition metals using facile self-assembly reactionsThree complexes: {[Mn(H2O)(mal)(5dmb)·H2O}n] (1); [ Ni2(H2O)6(mal)2(4dmb)2]·3H2O (2); [ Cu2(mal)2(4dmb)2]·3H2O (3); where mal = maleato, 4dmb = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, and 5dmb = 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine; have been synthesized, using self-assembly solution reactions at ambient conditions. Crystallographic studies show that 1 crystallizes in an orthorhombic system, space group Pna21, with a = 17.4067(4) Å, b = 11.9672(2) Å, c = 8.2075(2) Å; V = 1709.70(6) Å3. Complex 2 has a monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with a = 21.206(8) Å, b = 7.523(3) Å, c = 25.399(10) Å; β = 109.755(8)°; V = 3813(2) Å3. Complex 3 crystallizes in a monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with a = 14.6976(12) Å, b = 11.3849(10) Å, c = 22.1638(18) Å; β = 101.2998(17)°; V = 3636.8(5) Å3. Complex 1 is a one-dimensional (1D) polymer, where the Mn centers are six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry. 2 is a dinuclear complex, generated by supramolecular interactions, where Ni ions are six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry. 3 is a dinuclear complex with five-coordinated Cu ions having a distorted square pyramidal geometry. All three complexes exhibit hydrogen bonding interactions, which generate 2D supramolecular structures in 1 and 2, whereas in complex 3 a 3D supramolecular array is formed. These novel complexes prove that the self-assembly of a dicarboxylate ligand (mal) with three different first-row transition metals, can afford coordination compounds with diverse structural characteristics and dimensionality, which can be attributed to the different ligand coordination modes and the coordination properties of the employed metals

Escabiosis: una enfermedad que revela relaciones de poder en el encierro : El caso del Centro de recepción, evaluación y derivación Abasto

En el presente trabajo analizaremos las posibilidades concretas de llevar adelante el tratamiento de escabiosis en instituciones de encierro, puntualmente en un Centro Cerrado para Jóvenes en conflicto con la Ley Penal, Centro de Recepción, Evaluación y Derivación Abasto, dependiente de la Secretaria de Niñez y Adolescencia de la Pcia. De Bs. As., en el año 2015. (Actualmente denominado Organismo Provincial de Niñez y Adolescencia). Desde una perspectiva de salud integral pondremos en tensión cuáles son las lógicas que se juegan para pensar el acceso a la salud en contexto de encierro y cuál es el lugar que ocupa el Trabajo Social en el caso analizado. Las preguntas que guiaron el presente trabajo giraron en torno a los modos de llevar adelante el tratamiento de escabiosis en instituciones cerradas y las posibles intervenciones o abordajes que puede llevar adelante el Trabajo Social en estas circunstancias. Para el desarrollo del trabajo tomamos como insumo una entrevista realizada al Trabajador Social de la institución y charlas informales con el Director y los enfermeros.Eje 4: Balances y perspectivas sobre las políticas públicas en la región. Sus impactos en la desigualdad, la construcción de derechos y constitución de sujetos.Facultad de Trabajo Socia