Performance, nutrient digestibility, and muscular evaluation of female broiler chickens fed different dietary protein levels and slaughtered at 38 or 46 days

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of two protein levels and types of formulation on performance, nutrient metabolization, and myopathies of 390 female broilers from 21 to 46 days old distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and six replicates of 13 broilers each. Treatments were two levels of protein (19.0 and 21.0%) in diets using only commercially available ingredients and three experimental formulations designed to keep similar the main nutrients that could influence nutritional performance (starch, fiber, ether extract), using unusual ingredients, with 19.0% (19E) or 21.0% (21E) crude protein and the third with 19.0% crude protein with amino acid levels similar to treatment 21P (19E+Aa). We studied broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, macroscopic muscular evaluation, and histological muscular evaluation. The design for the performance and myopathy assessment was a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, five diets × two ages (38 or 46 days). The worst feed conversion ratio was observed for the 19P treatment. Neither diet nor age had an effect on myopathies, however, older slaughter age increased the intensity of microscopic lesions. The diet 19P should be avoided and increased inclusion of lipids in diets improves nutrient utilization and, consequently, performance

Eggshell microbiology and quality of hatching eggs subjected to different sanitizing procedures

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes procedimentos de desinfecção alternativos à fumigação com formaldeído sobre a redução da contagem microbiana e a qualidade de casca de ovos de matrizes Cobb de 42 semanas de idade. Um total de 10.080 ovos limpos coletados dos ninhos foi distribuído de maneira aleatória, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, entre os seguintes tratamentos: fumigação com 13,33 g m-3 de paraformaldeído, fumigação com 5–10 ppm de ozônio, 6,36 mW cm-2 de irradiação de luz UV-C, pulverização com 1,56% de peróxido de hidrogênio, pulverização com 0,13% de ácido peracético, pulverização com água (controle úmido) e sem desinfecção (controle seco). Por tratamento, foram coletadas oito amostras de quatro ovos cada uma, momentos antes e após as desinfecções, para contagem de Enterobacteriaceae e bactérias mesófilas aeróbicas totais da casca. Somente os ovos submetidos aos tratamentos com formaldeído e UV apresentaram redução significativa nas contagens de bactérias mesófilas aeróbicas totais, quando comparados aos do grupo controle seco. Os tratamentos não influenciaram a espessura e a resistência da casca. A exposição de luz UV é eficaz em reduzir a contagem microbiana da casca de ovos de matrizes de 42 semanas de idade, sem afetar sua qualidade, e pode ser considerada alternativa ao uso de formaldeído para desinfecção.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different disinfection procedures as alternatives to formaldehyde fumigation on eggshell microbial load and quality of eggs from a 42-week-old Cobb commercial breeder flock. A total of 10,080 clean eggs collected from the nests were randomly distributed in a randomized complete block design, among the following treatment groups: 13.33 g m-3 formaldehyde fumigation, 5–10 ppm ozone fumigation, 6.36 mW cm-2 UV-C light irradiation, spraying with 1.56% hydrogen peroxide, spraying with 0.13% peracetic acid, spraying with water (wet control), and no disinfection procedure (dry control). Per treatment, eight samples of four eggs each were collected before and after the disinfection procedure, in order to count the number of Enterobacteriaceae and total aerobic mesophilic bacteria on the eggshell. Only eggs subjected to the formaldehyde and UV treatments showed a significant reduction in total aerobic mesophilic bacterial count on the eggshell, when compared with those of the dry control group. Treatments did not affect eggshell thickness and resistance force. UV light exposure is effective in reducing microbial load on 42-week-old breeder flock eggshells, without affecting their quality, and can be considered an alternative to formaldehyde disinfection

Fitase na alimentação de frangos de corte

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-10T23:33:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta__o_mariana_masseo.pdf: 2204176 bytes, checksum: b9488cdbf8f839db2d11fa7cc65b6e17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 24Foram conduzidos dois experimentos para avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de fitases, com níveis normais e reduzidos de fósforo em dietas para frango de corte Cobb® sobre o desempenho produtivo (peso inicial, consumo de ração, peso médio, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e viabilidade) e qualidade óssea das aves (conteúdo mineral ósseo, área óssea, densidade mineral óssea, índice de Seedor, força máxima suportada pelo osso antes da quebra, resiliência óssea, rigidez óssea, cinzas óssea e porcentagem de fósforo na tíbia). O desempenho produtivo foi realizado no período de um a 35 dias de idade das aves e a qualidade óssea foi avaliada aos 21 e 35 dias de idade das aves. Os delineamentos experimentais foram inteiramente casualizados com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições para cada experimento. Os tratamentos do experimento I foram: A- Controle: 0,45% Pd (inicial)/0,40% Pd (crescimento), sem fitase; B- 0,45% Pd (inicial)/0,40% Pd (crescimento) + Finase® com valorização; C- 0,45% Pd (inicial)/0,40% Pd (crescimento) + Hostazym® com valorização; D- Controle Negativo: 0,45% Pd (inicial)/0,40% Pd (crescimento) sem fitase, com valorização. Os tratamentos do experimento II foram: E- Controle: 0,35% Pd (inicial)/0,30% Pd (crescimento), sem fitase; F- 0,35% Pd (inicial)/0,30% Pd (crescimento) + Finase® com valorização; G- 0,35% Pd (inicial)/0,30% Pd (crescimento) + Hostazym® com valorização; H- Controle negativo: 0,35% Pd (inicial)/0,30% Pd (crescimento) sem fitase com valorização. No experimento I, a utilização do nível de 0,35% Pd na fase inicial e 0,30% na fase de crescimento sem inclusão de fitase (controle negativo) piorou o desempenho e a qualidade óssea das aves. Além disso, a enzima Finase® se mostrou mais eficiente, apresentando resultados semelhantes ao controle no período total de criação. No experimento II, a utilização do nível de 0,25% Pd na fase inicial e 0,20% na fase de crescimento sem inclusão de fitase (controle negativo) piorou o desempenho e a qualidade óssea das aves. Assim como no experimento I, a enzima Finase® se mostrou mais eficiente, apresentando resultados semelhantes ao tratamento controle para todos os períodos de criação.Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase inclusion, with normal and reduced levels of phosphorus, in diets for Cobb® broiler on performance (initial weight, feed intake, weight, weight gain, feed conversion and viability) and broiler bone quality (bone mineral content, bine area, bone mineral density, Seedor index, bone breaking strength, bone resilience, bone stiffness, bone ash and phosphorus percent in tibia). Performance was evaluated in a period from one to 35 days of age of broilers, and bone quality was evaluated at 21 and 35 days of age. The experimental designs were completely randomized with four treatments and six replicates for each experiment. The treatments of the first study were: A Control: 0,45% Pd (initial)/0,40%Pd (growth), without phytase; B 0,45% Pd (initial)/0,40% Pd (growth) + Finase considering recovery; C 0,45% Pd (initial)/0,40% Pd (growth) + Hostazym considering recovery; D negative control: 0,45% Pd (initial)/0,40% Pd (growth) without phytase, considering recovery. The treatments of the second study were: E- Control: 0,35% Pd (initial)/0,30% Pd (growth), without phytase; F- 0,35% Pd (initial)/0,30% Pd (growth) + Finase® considering recovery; G- 0,35% Pd (initial)/0,30% Pd (growth) + Hostazym® considering recovery; H- negative control: 0,35% Pd (initial)/0,30% Pd (growth) without phytase, considering recovery. In the first trial, the use of 0,35% de Pd in the initial phase and 0,30% in the growth phase, without the inclusion of phytase (negative control), resulted in a decreased performance and bone quality of broilers. Furthermore, the enzyme Finase appeared to be more efficient, with similar results to control treatment during the entire rearing period. In the second study, the use of 0,25% Pd in the initial phase and 0,20% in the growth phase, without inclusion of phytase (negative control) resulted in a decreased performance and bone quality of broilers. As in the first study, the Finase enzyme appeared to be more efficient, with similar results to control treatment during de entire rearing period

Exigência e biodisponibilidade de manganês para frangos de corte

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-13T20:12:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariana_masseo_saldanha.pdf: 1335972 bytes, checksum: d9c51fded394752efdbdb79a9647117a (MD5) Previous issue date: 21Objetivou-se avaliar a exigência de manganês (Mn), para frangos de corte nos períodos de um a 20 e de 20 a 40 dias de idade e a biodisponibilidade relativa (BR) do Mn suplementado na forma de sulfato de Mn (MnSO4) e proteinato de Mn (MnProt). Dois experimentos foram realizados para determinar a exigência de Mn de acordo com a fase de criação (um a 20 dias e 20 a 40 dias de idade). Para cada uma das fases foram utilizados 750 frangos de corte. Os tratamentos foram definidos pela suplementação de 0, 35, 70, 105 e 140 mg de Mn/kg na forma de MnSO4. Para determinar a exigência de Mn foram analisados consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, viabilidade e concentração de Mn na tíbia e no fígado, resistência óssea, concentração de cinzas na tíbia e atividade da fosfatase alcalina. Não foi observado efeito da concentração de Mn dietético sobre as análises de desempenho em nenhuma das fases de criação. A estimativa da exigência de Mn para frangos de corte de um a 20 dias de idade foi de 81,32 mg de Mn/kg para resistência óssea, 97,9 mg de Mn/kg para cinzas óssea, 126,96 mg de Mn/kg para concentração de Mn na tíbia e 149,45 mg de Mn/kg para concentração de Mn no fígado. No período de 20 a 40 dias a estimativa da exigência foi de 73,93 mg de Mn/kg para resistência óssea e 151,4 mg de Mn/kg para concentração de Mn na tíbia. A inclusão de Mn só se justifica para melhorar a resistência óssea, com exigência de 81,32 mg de Mn/kg para o período de um a 20 dias e 73,93 mg de Mn/kg para o período de 20 a 40 dias. A BR do MnProt, em comparação com o MnSO4, foi determinada em frangos de corte de um a 20 dias. Foram utilizados 1.350 frangos de corte, e as dietas foram suplementadas com 0, 35, 70, 105 e 140 mg de Mn/kg de ração na forma de MnSO4 e como MnProt. Foram avaliados o ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, resistência óssea e concentração de Mn na tíbia e no fígado, além disso, foi avaliado a concentração de colágeno tipo I na tíbia. Não foram observadas diferenças para as variáveis de desempenho e nem para concentração de colágeno tipo I, independente da fonte e do nível de suplementação utilizado. A BR do MnProt com base na resistência óssea foi de 111%, com base na concentração de Mn no fígado foi de 128% e com base na concentração de Mn na tíbia foi de 105%. O MnProt é mais biodisponível que o MnSO4The objective of this study was to evaluate the manganese (Mn) requirement for broilers in the periods of one to 20 and 20 to 40 days of age and the relative bioavailability (RB) of Mn supplemented as sulphate Mn (MnSO4) and Mn proteinate (MnProt). Two experiments were performed to determine the Mn requirement according to the phase (one at 20 days and 20-40 days of age). For each phase, 750 broilers were used. The treatments were defined by the supplementation of 0, 35, 70, 105 and 140 mg of Mn/kg as MnSO4. To determine the Mn requirement, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, viability and concentration of Mn in the tibia and liver, bone resistance, ash concentration in the tibia and alkaline phosphatase activity were analyzed. No effect of dietary Mn concentration on performance analyzes was observed in any of the production phases. The estimate of the Mn requirement for broilers from one to 20 days of age was 81.32 mg of Mn/kg for bone strength, 97.9 mg of Mn/kg for bone ash, 126.96 mg of Mn/kg for the concentration of Mn in the tibia and 149.45 mg of Mn/kg for concentration of Mn in the liver. In the period of 20 to 40 days the requirement estimate was 73.93 mg of Mn/kg for bone resistance and 151.4 mg of Mn/kg for Mn concentration in the tibia. The inclusion of Mn is only justified to improve bone strength, with a requirement of 81.32 mg of Mn/kg for the period of one to 20 days and 73.93 mg of Mn/kg for the period of 20 to 40 days. The RB of MnProt, compared to MnSO4, was determined in broilers from one to 20 days. 1350 broilers were used, and the diets were supplemented with 0, 35, 70, 105 and 140 mg of Mn/kg of feed as MnSO4 and as MnProt. The weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, bone resistance and Mn concentration in the tibia and liver were evaluated. In addition, the concentration of type I collagen in the tibia was evaluated. No differences were observed for the performance variables nor for the concentration of type I collagen, regardless of the source and level of supplementation used. The RB of MnProt based on bone strength was 111%, based on the Mn concentration in the liver was 128% and based on the Mn concentration in the tibia was 105%. MnProt is more bioavailable than MnSO

Fiber source and xylanase on performance, egg quality, and gastrointestinal tract of laying hens

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to ascertain the influence of different dietary fiber sources and the usage of xylanase on diet of commercial layers and their influence on productive performance, egg quality, and digestive organ biometry. A total of 864 Lohmann® White hens was fed diets with three different fiber sources (wheat bran, soybean hull, or coffee husk) with or without xylanase inclusion (concentration of 160,000 BXU/g) in a 3×2 factorial arrangement, with six replicates of 24 birds each, from 25 to 44 weeks of age. There were no interactions between dietary fiber and xylanase inclusion. The enzyme supplementation did not influence any parameters evaluated. There were dietary fiber effects on body weight gain, viability, egg weight, eggshell quality, yolk pigmentation, and liver and gizzard relative weights. Wheat bran, soybean hull, and coffee husk can be used in laying hen diets without detrimental effect on productive performance. The enzyme used had no effect on the performance and eggshell quality of laying hens

Performance, nutrient digestibility, and muscular evaluation of female broiler chickens fed different dietary protein levels and slaughtered at 38 or 46 days

This study evaluated the effects of two protein levels and types of formulation on performance, nutrient metabolization, and myopathies of 390 female broilers from 21 to 46 days old distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and six replicates of 13 broilers each. Treatments were two levels of protein (19.0 and 21.0%) in diets using only commercially available ingredients and three experimental formulations designed to keep similar the main nutrients that could influence nutritional performance (starch, fiber, ether extract), using unusual ingredients, with 19.0% (19E) or 21.0% (21E) crude protein and the third with 19.0% crude protein with amino acid levels similar to treatment 21P (19E+Aa). We studied broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, macroscopic muscular evaluation, and histological muscular evaluation. The design for the performance and myopathy assessment was a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, five diets × two ages (38 or 46 days). The worst feed conversion ratio was observed for the 19P treatment. Neither diet nor age had an effect on myopathies, however, older slaughter age increased the intensity of microscopic lesions. The diet 19P should be avoided and increased inclusion of lipids in diets improves nutrient utilization and, consequently, performanc

Effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and reduced vitamin D3 level on broiler performance and bone quality

<div><p>ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two levels of vitamin D3 with or without 1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) on live performance and bone quality of broiler chickens. For that, we used a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with eight replicates of 30 Cobb®500 male broiler chicks each (n = 960). The two levels of vitamin D3 and the addition or not of 0.5 μg 1,25(OH)2D3/kg were considered as main factors. The vitamin D3 levels were: 2500/2000 IU/kg and 1250/1000 IU/kg for the starter (1 to 21 days) and grower (22 to 40 days) phases, respectively, with the first representing the levels used in industry (100%) and the second, a reduction in 50% of those levels. The 1,25(OH)2D3 source was Solanum glaucophyllum. On days 21 and 40, one broiler per replicate was killed and long bones were removed for analyses of mineral percentage, bone mineral density, biomechanical properties, and morphology. No significant differences were found related to vitamin D3 levels and the addition or not of 1,25(OH)2D3 for live performance, mineral percentage, strength, stiffness, and morphology. Toughness was lower when 1,25(OH)2D3 was used at 21 days, but this effect was not observed at 40 days of age. Bone mineral density was greater when 100% of vitamin D3 was used at 40 days of age. The reduction of up to 50% of vitamin D3 levels is sufficient to ensure performance and bone development of broilers at 21 and 40 days of age. The inclusion of 0.5 μg 1,25(OH)2D3/kg in addition to diets with sufficient levels of vitamin D3 shows no effect on the improvement of those parameters at the same ages.</p></div