Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonists Protect Pancreatic β-Cells From Lipotoxic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Through Upregulation of BiP and JunB

Chronic exposure of pancreatic beta-cells to saturated free fatty acids (FFAs) causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis and may contribute to beta-cell loss in type 2 diabetes. Here, we evaluated the molecular mechanisms involved in the protection of beta-cells from lipotoxic ER stress by glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 agonists utilized in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Countertransference in the initial care of victims of sexual and urban violence : a qualitative-quantitative research

Objetivo: Avaliar a contratransferência dos terapeutas durante o atendimento inicial de pacientes mulheres vítimas de violência sexual e urbana, investigando a influência do gênero do terapeuta e da natureza e momento do trauma. Método: A amostra foi composta por 36 relatos redigidos por médicos residentes de psiquiatria do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, oriundos do atendimento de 36 pacientes. Este estudo utilizou métodos qualitativos e quantitativos para a análise dos seus dados. Os relatos foram classificados em seis grupos, conforme o gênero do terapeuta e a natureza do trauma. Foi realizada a análise de conteúdo dos relatos. Associou-se uma análise estatística dos dados. Resultados: Houve predomínio de sentimentos de aproximação nos terapeutas de ambos os sexos no atendimento de vítimas de violência sexual. Entre terapeutas mulheres, a natureza do trauma (sexual ou urbano) não influenciou os padrões contratransferenciais (p = 0,7). Entre os terapeutas homens, ao contrário, a natureza do trauma influenciou de forma significativa (p = 0,044) o padrão contratransferencial, havendo um número elevado de sentimentos de distanciamento nos relatos de atendimentos de vítimas de violência urbana. Conclusões: Houve um predomínio de sentimentos de aproximação dos terapeutas de ambos os sexos no atendimento inicial de pacientes vítimas de violência sexual. Foi observado um predomínio de sentimentos de distanciamento nos terapeutas homens que atenderam vítimas de violência urbana. Mais estudos são necessários para uma melhor compreensão das relações terapêuticas nos atendimentos de vítimas de trauma psíquico.OBJECTIVE: To assess therapists' countertransference during initial care of female victims of sexual and urban violence with the aim of investigating influence of therapist's gender, type and moment of trauma. METHODS: The sample comprised 36 reports written by psychiatry residents at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre based on the care provided to 36 patients. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. Reports were classified into six groups according to therapist's gender and type of trauma. A content analysis and a statistical analysis of the data were performed. RESULTS: Therapists of both genders presented a prevalence of feelings of closeness when providing care to victims of sexual violence. Among female therapists, type of trauma (sexual or urban) did not have an influence on countertransference patterns (p = 0,7). On the other hand, among male therapists, type of trauma had a significant influence (p = 0,044) on countertransference, with a high rate of feelings of distance in reports of care provided to victims of urban violence. CONCLUSIONS: Therapists of both genders presented a prevalence of feelings of closeness when providing initial care to patients victims of sexual violence. Male therapists who provided care to victims of urban violence presented a prevalence of feelings of distance. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of therapeutic relationships in the care of victims of psychic trauma

O ensino da psicoterapia de orientação analítica no Ambulatório Assistencial/Público de Psiquiatria do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre

O artigo descreve o ensino da psicoterapia de orientação analítica (POA) na residência em psiquiatria do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Inicialmente, é realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre a importância do ensino da POA nos programas de residência médica de psiquiatria, seguida do relato da história da entrada da psicanálise no Rio Grande do Sul e da evolução do ensino da POA no estado. As questões metodológicas e éticas do ensino da POA na residência de psiquiatria do HCPA são discutidas, e o atual programa teórico e prático é apresentado. Por fim, a possibilidade da integração da pesquisa com a assistência e ensino é discutida, e exemplos práticos desta integração são apresentados, juntamente com o protocolo de avaliação e planejamento terapêutico do programa de POA do HCPA

The role of the environment in the spatial dynamics of an extensive hybrid zone between two neotropical cats

Identifying factors that create and maintain a hybrid zone is of great interest to ecology, evolution and, more recently, conservation biology. Here, we investigated the role of environmental features in shaping the spatial dynamics of a hybrid zone between the southern tigrina, Leopardus guttulus, and Geoffroy's cat, L. geoffroyi, testing for exogenous selection as the main force acting on its maintenance. These Neotropical felid species are mainly allopatric, with a restricted area of sympatry in the ecotone between the Atlantic Forest and Pampa biomes. As both biomes have experienced high rates of anthropogenic habitat alteration, we also analysed the influence of habitat conversion on the hybrid zone structure. To do this, we used 13 microsatellite loci to identify potential hybrids and generated ecological niche models for them and their parental species. We compared the influence of variables on parental species and hybrid occurrence and calculated the amount of niche overlap among them. Parental species showed different habitat requirements and predicted co-occurrence was restricted to the forest-grassland mosaic of the ecotone. However, hybrids were found beyond this area, mainly in the range of L. geoffroyi. Hybrids demonstrated higher tolerance to habitat alteration than parental types, with a probability of occurrence that was positively related with mosaics of cropland areas and remnants of natural vegetation. These results indicate that exogenous selection alone does not drive the dynamics of the hybrid zone, and that habitat conversion influences its structure, potentially favouring hybrids over parental species.Fil: Sartor, Caroline Charão. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Cushman, Samuel Alan. United States Department of Agriculture; Estados UnidosFil: Wan, Ho Yi. Humboldt State University; Estados UnidosFil: Kretschmer, Rafael. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Pereira, Javier Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Bou, Nadia. Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura.; UruguayFil: Cosse, Mariana. Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura.; UruguayFil: González, Susana. Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura.; UruguayFil: Eizirik, Eduardo. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: de Freitas, Thales Renato O.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Campos Trigo, Tatiane. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasi

DNA methylation profiling identifies epigenetic dysregulation in pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetic patients

The first genome-scale DNA methylation study on pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetic patients identifies disease-associated DNA methylation pattern that translate into aberrant gene expression in novel factors relevant for β-cell function and survival

A Missense Mutation in PPP1R15B Causes a Syndrome Including Diabetes, Short Stature, and Microcephaly.

Dysregulated endoplasmic reticulum stress and phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) are associated with pancreatic β-cell failure and diabetes. Here, we report the first homozygous mutation in the PPP1R15B gene (also known as constitutive repressor of eIF2α phosphorylation [CReP]) encoding the regulatory subunit of an eIF2α-specific phosphatase in two siblings affected by a novel syndrome of diabetes of youth with short stature, intellectual disability, and microcephaly. The R658C mutation in PPP1R15B affects a conserved amino acid within the domain important for protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) binding. The R658C mutation decreases PP1 binding and eIF2α dephosphorylation and results in β-cell apoptosis. Our findings support the concept that dysregulated eIF2α phosphorylation, whether decreased by mutation of the kinase (EIF2AK3) in Wolcott-Rallison syndrome or increased by mutation of the phosphatase (PPP1R15B), is deleterious to β-cells and other secretory tissues, resulting in diabetes associated with multisystem abnormalities.This work was supported by the European Union 7th Framework Programme (project BetaBat), the Actions de Recherche Concertées de la Communauté Française, and Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), Belgium, and by grants from the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR-09-GENO-021), the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes/JDRF/Novo Nordisk, the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (DIAGENE), the GIS Maladies Rares, and the Wellcome Trust (084812/Z/08/Z). A.T.H. is a Wellcome Trust and National Institute for Health Research senior investigator, and D.R. is a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow. B.A. was supported by an European Molecular Biology Organization Short-Term Fellowship and an FNRS-FRIA fellowship. M.I.-E. is a scientific collaborator of the FNRS. M.D. was supported by a doctoral fellowship from the Ministère de l’Education Nationale, de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, France.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the American Diabetes Association via http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db15-047

Ubiquitin Fold Modifier 1 (UFM1) and Its Target UFBP1 Protect Pancreatic Beta Cells from ER Stress-Induced Apoptosis

UFM1 is a member of the ubiquitin like protein family. While the enzymatic cascade of UFM1 conjugation has been elucidated in recent years, the biological function remains largely unknown. In this report we demonstrate that the recently identified C20orf116 [1], which we name UFM1-binding protein 1 containing a PCI domain (UFBP1), andCDK5RAP3 interact with UFM1. Components of the UFM1 conjugation pathway (UFM1, UFBP1, UFL1 and CDK5RAP3) are highly expressed in pancreatic islets of Langerhans and some other secretory tissues. Co-localization of UFM1 with UFBP1 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)depends on UFBP1. We demonstrate that ER stress, which is common in secretory cells, induces expression of Ufm1, Ufbp1 and Ufl1 in the beta-cell line INS-1E.siRNA-mediated Ufm1 or Ufbp1knockdown enhances apoptosis upon ER stress.Silencing the E3 enzyme UFL1, results in similar outcomes, suggesting that UFM1-UFBP1 conjugation is required to prevent ER stress-induced apoptosis. Together, our data suggest that UFM1-UFBP1participate in preventing ER stress-induced apoptosis in protein secretory cells

Avaliação da contratransferência no atendimento inicial de pacientes vítimas de trauma psíquico

O conceito de contratransferência foi introduzido por Freud e ampliado por outros autores, sendo compreendido como as reações emocionais despertadas pelo paciente no terapeuta. Tem papel central na teoria e na técnica psicanalíticas atuais por ser uma importante ferramenta para o entendimento do mundo interno e das comunicações do paciente, com influência no desenvolvimento da relação terapêutica e no desfecho do tratamento. A partir do reconhecimento da importância da mente do terapeuta e do campo terapêutico, tem sido discutida a associação entre características da pessoa real do terapeuta e a forma como é estabelecida a relação com o paciente. Do mesmo modo, características específicas dos pacientes, como ter sido vítima de trauma psíquico, são consideradas potenciais desencadeadoras de padrões contratransferenciais similares. A relevância do estudo dos sentimentos contratransferenciais despertados no atendimento de vítimas de trauma psíquico se justifica pela grande intensidade destes e pelo potencial destas reações emocionais se tornarem barreiras para o sucesso do tratamento quando não compreendidas pelo terapeuta.Avaliar o padrão de expressão da contratransferência dos terapeutas durante o atendimento inicial de pacientes mulheres vítimas de trauma psíquico e a sua associação com características dos terapeutas e das pacientes, tais como o momento da consulta, o gênero do terapeuta, a natureza do trauma (violência sexual ou violência urbana) e o momento da violência sexual na vida das pacientes. Também foi investigada a associação entre o padrão contratransferencial e a presença de sintomas de Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático e de sintomas depressivos atuais nas pacientes, escores em rastreamento para transtornos de personalidade e em escala de percepção da gravidade da doença nas pacientes e estilo defensivo utilizado pelas mesmas. Os estudos foram realizados no Núcleo de Estudos e Tratamento do Trauma Psíquico (NETTRAUMA), do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brasil. Os terapeutas eram médicos residentes do segundo ano de Psiquiatria do HCPA. No primeiro estudo, foi conduzidauma avaliação qualitativa, a análise de conteúdo, associada a uma análise estatística, de 36 relatos de sentimentos contratransferenciais despertados no primeiro atendimento de pacientes mulheres, sendo13 vítimas de violência sexual na infância, 15 vítimas de violência sexual atual, e 8 vítimas de violência urbana. Os relatos foram classificados em 6 grupos, conforme o gênero do terapeuta e a natureza do trauma. O segundo estudo teve a participação de 26 terapeutas, 11 homens e 15 mulheres. Foram incluídas nesta amostra todas as pacientes mulheres vítimas de violência sexual, tanto na infância quanto na idade adulta, atendidas no NET-TRAUMA durante dois anos consecutivos, totalizando 40 pacientes. Após a primeira consulta com a paciente, era solicitado ao terapeuta que preenchesse a Escala para Avaliação da Contratransferência (EACT). Neste mesmo momento, era solicitado à paciente que preenchesse os instrumentos referentes aos fatores em estudo: a Escala Davidson de Trauma (EDT), a Standardized Assessment of Personality - Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS), o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), e a versão em português do Defense Style Questionaire (DSQ-40). A Escala de Impressão Clínica Global (CGI) era preenchida após a consulta de triagem. Na análise dos relatos redigidos pelos terapeutas, observou-se predomínio de sentimentos de aproximação nos terapeutas de ambos os gêneros no atendimento de vítimas de violência sexual. Entre terapeutas mulheres, a natureza do trauma (sexual ou urbano) não influenciou os padrões contratransferenciais. Entre os terapeutas homens, a natureza do trauma influenciou de forma significativa a contratransferência, havendo um número elevado de sentimentos de distanciamento nos relatos de atendimentos de vítimas de violência urbana em relação àqueles atendimentos a vítimas de violência sexual na infância (p=0,02). No segundo estudo, os terapeutas apresentaram, da mesma forma, mais sentimentos de proximidade em relação às pacientes, que foram maiores no meio e no final das consultas (p<0,001), sem influência do gênero do terapeuta. Em uma sub-amostra estratificada para pacientes atendidas por terapeutas mulheres, identificou-se associação significativa entre maiores escores obtidos pelas pacientes na SAPAS e menos sentimentos de proximidade das terapeutas (p=0,038).Estes estudos evidenciaram um predomínio de respostas contratransferenciais de proximidade em terapeutas jovens, no início da vida profissional, ao longo das primeiras consultas compacientes mulheres vítimas de violência sexual. Destaca-se a importância da utilização da contratransferência para a melhor compreensão dos pacientes, o que pode trazer benefícios ao tratamento e ao prognóstico destes, ressaltando-se a necessidade de que investigações continuadas sobre o tema sigam sendo desenvolvidas.The concept of countertransference was introduced by Freud and expanded by other authors. It is understood as the emotional reactions triggered by the patient in the therapist. It is pivotal in the current psychoanalytic theory and technique since it is an important tool in understanding the patient’s internal world and reportings, influencing the therapeutic relationship and the outcome of the treatment. From the acknowledgement of the importance of the therapist’s mind and the therapeutic field, there has been a growing debate on the association between characteristics of the real person of the therapist and the way that the relationship with the patient is established. Likewise, specific characteristics of the patients, such as having been victim of a psychological trauma, have been considered potential triggers of similar patterns of countertransferential responses. The relevance of studying the countertransferential feelings triggered when seeing victims of psychological trauma is justified by their high intensity and by the possibility of such emotional reactions becoming barriers for a successful treatment when they are not understood by the therapist.To evaluate the therapists’ countertransference during the first visit of women victims of psychological trauma, and its association with therapists’ and patients’ characteristics, such as the moment within the visit, the gender of the therapist, the nature of the trauma (sexual violence or urban violence) and the time when sexual violence occurred in the patient’s life. The association between countertransference pattern and the presence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms and of depressive symptoms in the patients, scores in a screening of personality disorders and in a scale of perception of disease severity in the patients and the defensive style utilized by them were also investigated. The studies were conducted at the Center for the Study and Treatment of Psychological Trauma (NET-TRAUMA), of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brazil. The therapists were second-year Psychiatry residents of HCPA. On the first study, a qualitative evaluation, thecontent analysis, was performed, associated to a statistical analysis, of 36 reports of the countertransferential feelings aroused in the first visit of female patients. Thirteen patients were victims of sexual violence during childhood, 15 were victims of current sexual violence, and 8 were victims of urban violence. The reports were categorized into 6 groups according to the gender of the therapist and the nature of the trauma. Twenty-six therapists (11 males and 15 females) participated in the second study. All women victims of sexual violence, both during childhood and adulthood, seen at the NET-TRAUMA during two consecutive years were included in this sample, which totaled 40. After the patient’s first visit, the therapist was asked to complete the Assessment of Countertransference Scale (ACTS). On the same visit, the patient was asked to complete the instruments regarding the factors in study: the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), the Standardized Assessment of Personality - Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40). The Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI) was completed after the screening visit. In the analysis of the therapists’ reports, a predominance of feelings of closeness was observed in therapists of both genders when caring for victims of sexual violence. Among female therapists, the nature of the trauma (sexual or urban) did not influence the countertransferential pattern. Among male therapists, the nature of the trauma significantly influenced countertransference, with increased number of feelings of distance toward victims of urban violence compared to victims of sexual violence during childhood (p=0.02). On the second study, the therapists showed, likewise, more feelings of closeness toward the patients, which were higher in the midpoint and in the end of the visits (p<0.001), without influence of the therapists' gender. In a stratified sample of patients seen by female therapists, there was a significant association between higher patients’ SAPAS scores and less therapists’ feelings of closeness (p=0.038).These studies have showed a predominance of countertransferential reactions of closeness in young therapists, at the beginning of their professional lives, during the first visit of women victims of sexual violence. The importance of the use of countertransference for theunderstanding of the patients is emphasized, as it can be beneficial for their treatment and prognosis; further investigation on the matter is of interest

Avaliação da contratransferência no atendimento inicial de pacientes vítimas de trauma psíquico

O conceito de contratransferência foi introduzido por Freud e ampliado por outros autores, sendo compreendido como as reações emocionais despertadas pelo paciente no terapeuta. Tem papel central na teoria e na técnica psicanalíticas atuais por ser uma importante ferramenta para o entendimento do mundo interno e das comunicações do paciente, com influência no desenvolvimento da relação terapêutica e no desfecho do tratamento. A partir do reconhecimento da importância da mente do terapeuta e do campo terapêutico, tem sido discutida a associação entre características da pessoa real do terapeuta e a forma como é estabelecida a relação com o paciente. Do mesmo modo, características específicas dos pacientes, como ter sido vítima de trauma psíquico, são consideradas potenciais desencadeadoras de padrões contratransferenciais similares. A relevância do estudo dos sentimentos contratransferenciais despertados no atendimento de vítimas de trauma psíquico se justifica pela grande intensidade destes e pelo potencial destas reações emocionais se tornarem barreiras para o sucesso do tratamento quando não compreendidas pelo terapeuta.Avaliar o padrão de expressão da contratransferência dos terapeutas durante o atendimento inicial de pacientes mulheres vítimas de trauma psíquico e a sua associação com características dos terapeutas e das pacientes, tais como o momento da consulta, o gênero do terapeuta, a natureza do trauma (violência sexual ou violência urbana) e o momento da violência sexual na vida das pacientes. Também foi investigada a associação entre o padrão contratransferencial e a presença de sintomas de Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático e de sintomas depressivos atuais nas pacientes, escores em rastreamento para transtornos de personalidade e em escala de percepção da gravidade da doença nas pacientes e estilo defensivo utilizado pelas mesmas. Os estudos foram realizados no Núcleo de Estudos e Tratamento do Trauma Psíquico (NETTRAUMA), do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brasil. Os terapeutas eram médicos residentes do segundo ano de Psiquiatria do HCPA. No primeiro estudo, foi conduzidauma avaliação qualitativa, a análise de conteúdo, associada a uma análise estatística, de 36 relatos de sentimentos contratransferenciais despertados no primeiro atendimento de pacientes mulheres, sendo13 vítimas de violência sexual na infância, 15 vítimas de violência sexual atual, e 8 vítimas de violência urbana. Os relatos foram classificados em 6 grupos, conforme o gênero do terapeuta e a natureza do trauma. O segundo estudo teve a participação de 26 terapeutas, 11 homens e 15 mulheres. Foram incluídas nesta amostra todas as pacientes mulheres vítimas de violência sexual, tanto na infância quanto na idade adulta, atendidas no NET-TRAUMA durante dois anos consecutivos, totalizando 40 pacientes. Após a primeira consulta com a paciente, era solicitado ao terapeuta que preenchesse a Escala para Avaliação da Contratransferência (EACT). Neste mesmo momento, era solicitado à paciente que preenchesse os instrumentos referentes aos fatores em estudo: a Escala Davidson de Trauma (EDT), a Standardized Assessment of Personality - Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS), o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), e a versão em português do Defense Style Questionaire (DSQ-40). A Escala de Impressão Clínica Global (CGI) era preenchida após a consulta de triagem. Na análise dos relatos redigidos pelos terapeutas, observou-se predomínio de sentimentos de aproximação nos terapeutas de ambos os gêneros no atendimento de vítimas de violência sexual. Entre terapeutas mulheres, a natureza do trauma (sexual ou urbano) não influenciou os padrões contratransferenciais. Entre os terapeutas homens, a natureza do trauma influenciou de forma significativa a contratransferência, havendo um número elevado de sentimentos de distanciamento nos relatos de atendimentos de vítimas de violência urbana em relação àqueles atendimentos a vítimas de violência sexual na infância (p=0,02). No segundo estudo, os terapeutas apresentaram, da mesma forma, mais sentimentos de proximidade em relação às pacientes, que foram maiores no meio e no final das consultas (p<0,001), sem influência do gênero do terapeuta. Em uma sub-amostra estratificada para pacientes atendidas por terapeutas mulheres, identificou-se associação significativa entre maiores escores obtidos pelas pacientes na SAPAS e menos sentimentos de proximidade das terapeutas (p=0,038).Estes estudos evidenciaram um predomínio de respostas contratransferenciais de proximidade em terapeutas jovens, no início da vida profissional, ao longo das primeiras consultas compacientes mulheres vítimas de violência sexual. Destaca-se a importância da utilização da contratransferência para a melhor compreensão dos pacientes, o que pode trazer benefícios ao tratamento e ao prognóstico destes, ressaltando-se a necessidade de que investigações continuadas sobre o tema sigam sendo desenvolvidas.The concept of countertransference was introduced by Freud and expanded by other authors. It is understood as the emotional reactions triggered by the patient in the therapist. It is pivotal in the current psychoanalytic theory and technique since it is an important tool in understanding the patient’s internal world and reportings, influencing the therapeutic relationship and the outcome of the treatment. From the acknowledgement of the importance of the therapist’s mind and the therapeutic field, there has been a growing debate on the association between characteristics of the real person of the therapist and the way that the relationship with the patient is established. Likewise, specific characteristics of the patients, such as having been victim of a psychological trauma, have been considered potential triggers of similar patterns of countertransferential responses. The relevance of studying the countertransferential feelings triggered when seeing victims of psychological trauma is justified by their high intensity and by the possibility of such emotional reactions becoming barriers for a successful treatment when they are not understood by the therapist.To evaluate the therapists’ countertransference during the first visit of women victims of psychological trauma, and its association with therapists’ and patients’ characteristics, such as the moment within the visit, the gender of the therapist, the nature of the trauma (sexual violence or urban violence) and the time when sexual violence occurred in the patient’s life. The association between countertransference pattern and the presence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms and of depressive symptoms in the patients, scores in a screening of personality disorders and in a scale of perception of disease severity in the patients and the defensive style utilized by them were also investigated. The studies were conducted at the Center for the Study and Treatment of Psychological Trauma (NET-TRAUMA), of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brazil. The therapists were second-year Psychiatry residents of HCPA. On the first study, a qualitative evaluation, thecontent analysis, was performed, associated to a statistical analysis, of 36 reports of the countertransferential feelings aroused in the first visit of female patients. Thirteen patients were victims of sexual violence during childhood, 15 were victims of current sexual violence, and 8 were victims of urban violence. The reports were categorized into 6 groups according to the gender of the therapist and the nature of the trauma. Twenty-six therapists (11 males and 15 females) participated in the second study. All women victims of sexual violence, both during childhood and adulthood, seen at the NET-TRAUMA during two consecutive years were included in this sample, which totaled 40. After the patient’s first visit, the therapist was asked to complete the Assessment of Countertransference Scale (ACTS). On the same visit, the patient was asked to complete the instruments regarding the factors in study: the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), the Standardized Assessment of Personality - Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40). The Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI) was completed after the screening visit. In the analysis of the therapists’ reports, a predominance of feelings of closeness was observed in therapists of both genders when caring for victims of sexual violence. Among female therapists, the nature of the trauma (sexual or urban) did not influence the countertransferential pattern. Among male therapists, the nature of the trauma significantly influenced countertransference, with increased number of feelings of distance toward victims of urban violence compared to victims of sexual violence during childhood (p=0.02). On the second study, the therapists showed, likewise, more feelings of closeness toward the patients, which were higher in the midpoint and in the end of the visits (p<0.001), without influence of the therapists' gender. In a stratified sample of patients seen by female therapists, there was a significant association between higher patients’ SAPAS scores and less therapists’ feelings of closeness (p=0.038).These studies have showed a predominance of countertransferential reactions of closeness in young therapists, at the beginning of their professional lives, during the first visit of women victims of sexual violence. The importance of the use of countertransference for theunderstanding of the patients is emphasized, as it can be beneficial for their treatment and prognosis; further investigation on the matter is of interest