Efeito do jato de bicarbonato de sódio sobre o esmalte bovino e posterior efeito remineralizador da saliva

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the alterations of surface microhardness and wear caused by the sodium bicarbonate jet on bovine enamel and the further remineralizing effect of artificial saliva. METHODS: Fifteen enamel samples (4,0mm x 4,0mm) were used, which constituted the groups: no treatment (MI); treatment with sodium bicarbonate jet (MII and DI); treatment with sodium bicarbonate jet and immersion in saliva for one hour (MIII and DII), 24 hours (MIV and DIII) and 7 days (MV and DIV). Microhardness tests were carried out using a microdurometer in groups M and wear tests by a rugosimeter in groups D. The data were assessed by the one criterion variance analysis and Tukey test. RESULTS: The mean value of microhardness, in KHN, in groups MI, MII, MIII, MIV and MV were 359,80; 335,46; 369,20; 377,73 and 341,86, respectively, whereas the mean values in µm, of wear for group DI, DII, DIII and DIV were 0,564; 0,519; 0,441 and 0,428, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The sodium bicarbonate jet caused a wear and a reduction in microhardness on the enamel surface; saliva promoted the recovery of initial condition surface microhardness and reduced the wear; the repairing effect of saliva on the surface microhardness alterations occurred within one hour of treatment, having no significant statistical difference from the effect obtained in 24 hours; the best saliva repairing effect on the wear occurred with treatment of 24 hours.OBJETIVO: A finalidade do trabalho foi avaliar as alterações da microdureza e o desgaste provocado pelo jato de bicarbonato de sódio em esmalte bovino e o posterior efeito remineralizador da saliva artificial. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 15 espécimes de esmalte (4,0mm x 4,0mm) que constituíram os grupos: sem tratamento (MI); tratamento com jato de bicarbonato de sódio (MII e DI); tratamento com jato de bicarbonato de sódio e imersão em saliva artificial por uma hora (MIII e DII), 24 horas (MIV e DIII) e sete dias (MV e DIV). Foram realizados testes de microdureza com um microdurômetro nos grupos M e testes de desgaste com um rugosímetro nos grupos D. RESULTADOS: Os dados foram avaliados pela Análise de Variância a um critério e pelo Teste de Tukey. O valor das médias da microdureza, em KHN, nos grupos MI, MII, MIII, MIV e MV foram 359,80; 335,46; 369,20; 377,73 e 341,86; respectivamente, enquanto que os valores médios, em µm, do desgaste para o grupo DI, DII, DIII e DIV foram 0,564; 0,519; 0,441 e 0,428, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: o jato de bicarbonato de sódio causou desgaste e diminuição da microdureza superficial; a saliva promoveu o retorno da microdureza superficial à condição inicial e reduziu o desgaste; o efeito reparador da saliva sobre as alterações na microdureza superficial já ocorreu com uma hora de tratamento, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante do efeito obtido com 24 horas; o melhor efeito reparador da saliva sobre o desgaste ocorreu com 24 horas de tratamento

Site-Specific DC Surface Signatures Influence CD4⁺ T Cell Co-stimulation and Lung-Homing

Dendritic cells (DCs) that drain the gut and skin are known to favor the establishment of T cell populations that home to the original site of DC-antigen (Ag) encounter by providing soluble "imprinting" signals to T cells in the lymph node (LN). To study the induction of lung T cell-trafficking, we used a protein-adjuvant murine intranasal and intramuscular immunization model to compare in vivo-activated Ag+ DCs in the lung and muscle-draining LNs. Higher frequencies of Ag+ CD11b+ DCs were observed in lung-draining mediastinal LNs (MedLN) compared to muscle-draining inguinal LNs (ILN). Ag+ CD11b+ MedLN DCs were qualitatively superior at priming CD4+ T cells, which then expressed CD49a and CXCR3, and preferentially trafficked into the lung parenchyma. CD11b+ DCs from the MedLN expressed higher levels of surface podoplanin, Trem4, GL7, and the known co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and CD24. Blockade of specific MedLN DC molecules or the use of sorted DC and T cell co-cultures demonstrated that DC surface phenotype influences the ability to prime T cells that then home to the lung. Thus, the density of dLN Ag+ DCs, and DC surface molecule signatures are factors that can influence the output and differentiation of lung-homing CD4+ T cells

Efeito da profilaxia profissional e da escovação com dentifrício com ou sem flúor na remineralização do esmalte dental

An in situ evaluation of the potential rehardening effect of fluoridated and non-fluoridated toothpastes with or without air polishing was conducted. Ten volunteers, using acrylic palatal appliances containing two bovine enamel blocks with artificial carious lesions, took part in this study. Four times a day, after the main meals and at night, the volunteers, in a habitual way, brushed their natural teeth with the dentifrice indicated to the experimental design and after that the appliances were put again into the mouth. They were divided into 4 different groups: G1 - control - non-fluoridated dentifrice; G2 - fluoridated dentifrice; G3 - non-fluoridated dentifrice, but having a previous prophylaxis using air polishing; G4 - fluoridated dentifrice and previous air polishing. The effects of treatments on enamel rehardening were evaluated in the blocks that were assessed by surface microhardness, and the percentage of surface microhardness change (%reh) was calculated in relation to the baseline values. The results showed that %reh was higher in the groups with fluoridated dentifrice, and professional prophylaxis did not have an additional effect in the groups of fluoridated dentifrices (pO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, in situ, o potencial de remineralizaçaão do dentifrício fluoretado ou não, isoladamente ou associado à profilaxia profissional com jato de bicarbonato de sódio, em esmalte bovino com lesão superficial artificial de cárie. Utilizou-se 80 blocos de esmalte (4X4X2mm), nos quais foram realizadas medidas de microdureza superficial antes e após a desmineralização artificial e após o tratamento, com um penetrador, Knoop carga de 50/7s, para o cálculo do percentual de recuperação de dureza (%reh). Após as tomadas das 2 medidas de microdureza iniciais (antes e após a desmineralização), os blocos de esmalte foram incluídos em dispositivos intrabucais palatinos (2 blocos/aparelho). Dez jovens voluntários usaram estes dispositivos durante 10 dias com intervalo de 7 dias entre cada fase do experimento (estudo cruzado), realizando higiene bucal habitual (4X/dia, sendo 3 após as refeições e 1 à noite). Estabeleceu-se 4 grupos: G1-controle-escovação com dentifrício sem flúor; G2-escovação com dentifrício fluoretado; G3-antes da instalação do dispositivo realizou-se uma profilaxia com jato de bicarbonato de sódio e escovação com dentifrício sem flúor; G4-profilaxia e dentifrício fluoretado. A análise de variância (ANOVA, p=1,04 x 10-6) e o teste de Student-Newman-Keuls (

Hematopoietic progenitor cell liabilities and alarmins S100A8/A9-related inflammaging associate with frailty and predict poor cardiovascular outcomes in older adults

Frailty affects the physical, cognitive, and social domains exposing older adults to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. The mechanisms linking frailty and cardiovascular outcomes are mostly unknown. Here, we studied the association of abundance (flow cytometry) and gene expression profile (RNAseq) of stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and molecular markers of inflammaging (ELISA) with the cardiorespiratory phenotype and prospective adverse events of individuals classified according to levels of frailty. Two cohorts of older adults were enrolled in the study. In a cohort of pre‐frail 35 individuals (average age: 75 years), a physical frailty score above the median identified subjects with initial alterations in cardiorespiratory function. RNA sequencing revealed S100A8/A9 upregulation in HSPCs from the bone marrow (>10‐fold) and peripheral blood (>200‐fold) of individuals with greater physical frailty. Moreover higher frailty was associated with increased alarmins S100A8/A9 and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood. We then studied a cohort of 104 more frail individuals (average age: 81 years) with multidomain health deficits. Reduced levels of circulating HSPCs and increased S100A8/A9 concentrations were independently associated with the frailty index. Remarkably, low HSPCs and high S100A8/A9 simultaneously predicted major adverse cardiovascular events at 1‐year follow‐up after adjustment for age and frailty index. In conclusion, inflammaging characterized by alarmin and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in pre‐frail individuals is mirrored by the pauperization of HSPCs in frail older people with comorbidities. S100A8/A9 is upregulated within HSPCs, identifying a phenotype that associates with poor cardiovascular outcomes

Supernormal functional reserve of apical segments in elite soccer players: an ultrasound speckle tracking handgrip stress study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ultrasound speckle tracking from grey scale images allows the assessment of regional strain derived from 2D regardless of angle intonation, and it is highly reproducible. The study aimed to evaluate regional left ventricular functional reserve in elite soccer players.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>50 subjects (25 elite athletes and 25 sedentary controls), aged 26 ± 3.5, were submitted to an echo exam, at rest and after the Hand Grip (HG) test. Both standard echo parameters and strain were evaluated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ejection fraction was similar in athletes and controls both at rest (athletes 58 ± 2 vs controls 57 ± 4 p ns) and after HG (athletes 60 ± 2 vs controls 58 ± 3 p ns). Basal (septal and anterior) segments showed similar strain values in athletes and controls both at rest (athletes S% -19.9 ± 4.2; controls S% -18.8 ± 4.9 p = ns) and after HG (athletes S% -20.99 ± 2.8; controls S% -19.46 ± 4.4 p = ns). Medium-apical segments showed similar strain values at rest (athletes S% -17.31 ± 2.3; controls S% -20.00 ± 5.3 p = ns), but higher values in athletes after HG (athletes S% -24.47 ± 2.8; controls S% -20.47 ± 5.4 p < 0.05)</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In athletes with physiological myocardial hypertrophy, a brief isometric effort produces enhancement of the strain in medium-apical left ventricular segments, suggesting the presence of a higher regional function reserve which can be elicited with an inotropic challenge and suitable methods of radial function quantification such as 2D-derived strain.</p

Gas kinematics around filamentary structures in the Orion B cloud

Context. Understanding the initial properties of star-forming material and how they affect the star formation process is key. From an observational point of view, the feedback from young high-mass stars on future star formation properties is still poorly constrained. Aims. In the framework of the IRAM 30m ORION-B large program, we obtained observations of the translucent (2 ≤ AV &lt; 6 mag) and moderately dense gas (6 ≤ AV &lt; 15 mag), which we used to analyze the kinematics over a field of 5 deg2 around the filamentary structures. Methods. We used the Regularized Optimization for Hyper-Spectral Analysis (ROHSA) algorithm to decompose and de-noise the C 18 O(1−0) and 13CO(1−0) signals by taking the spatial coherence of the emission into account. We produced gas column density and mean velocity maps to estimate the relative orientation of their spatial gradients. Results. We identified three cloud velocity layers at different systemic velocities and extracted the filaments in each velocity layer. The filaments are preferentially located in regions of low centroid velocity gradients. By comparing the relative orientation between the column density and velocity gradients of each layer from the ORION-B observations and synthetic observations from 3D kinematic toy models, we distinguish two types of behavior in the dynamics around filaments: (i) radial flows perpendicular to the filament axis that can be either inflows (increasing the filament mass) or outflows and (ii) longitudinal flows along the filament axis. The former case is seen in the Orion B data, while the latter is not identified. We have also identified asymmetrical flow patterns, usually associated with filaments located at the edge of an H II region. Conclusions. This is the first observational study to highlight feedback from H II regions on filament formation and, thus, on star formation in the Orion B cloud. This simple statistical method can be used for any molecular cloud to obtain coherent information on the kinematics

Tissue Doppler Imaging can be useful to distinguish pathological from physiological left ventricular hypertrophy: a study in master athletes and mild hypertensive subjects

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Transthoracic echocardiography left ventricular wall thickness is often increased in master athletes and it results by intense physical training. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy can also be due to a constant pressure overload. Conventional Pulsed Wave (PW) Doppler analysis of diastolic function sometimes fails to distinguish physiological from pathological LVH.</p> <p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of Pulsed Wave Tissue Doppler Imaging in differentiating pathological from physiological LVH in the middle-aged population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>we selected a group of 80 master athletes, a group of 80 sedentary subjects with essential hypertension and an apparent normal diastolic function at standard PW Doppler analysis. The two groups were comparable for increased left ventricular wall thickness and mass index (134.4 ± 19.7 vs 134.5 ± 22.1 gr/m2; p > .05). Diastolic function indexes using the PW technique were in the normal range for both.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Pulsed Wave TDI study of diastolic function immediately distinguished the two groups. While in master athletes the diastolic TDI-derived parameters remained within normal range (E' 9.4 ± 3.1 cm/sec; E/E' 7.8 ± 2.1), in the hypertensive group these parameters were found to be constantly altered, with mean values and variation ranges always outside normal validated limits (E' 7.2 ± 2.4 cm/sec; E/E' 10.6 ± 3.2), and with E' and E/E' statistically different in the two groups (p < .001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study showed that the TDI technique can be an easy and validated method to assess diastolic function in differentiating normal from pseudonormal diastolic patterns and it can distinguish physiological from pathological LVH emphasizing the eligibility certification required by legal medical legislation as in Italy.</p

Disinfection of Ocular Cells and Tissues by Atmospheric-Pressure Cold Plasma

Background: Low temperature plasmas have been proposed in medicine as agents for tissue disinfection and have received increasing attention due to the frequency of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. This study explored whether atmospheric-pressure cold plasma (APCP) generated by a new portable device that ionizes a flow of helium gas can inactivate ocular pathogens without causing significant tissue damage. Methodology and Principal Findings: We tested the APCP effects on cultured Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Herpes simplex virus-1, ocular cells (conjunctival fibroblasts and keratocytes) and ex-vivo corneas. Exposure to APCP for 0.5 to 5 minutes significantly reduced microbial viability (colony-forming units) but not human cell viability (MTT assay, FACS and Tunel analysis) or the number of HSV-1 plaque-forming units. Increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in exposed microorganisms and cells were found using a FACS-activated 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe. Immunoassays demonstrated no induction of thymine dimers in cell cultures and corneal tissues. A transient increased expression of 8-OHdG, genes and proteins related to oxidative stress (OGG1, GPX, NFE2L2) was determined in ocular cells and corneas by HPLC, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Conclusions: A short application of APCP appears to be an efficient and rapid ocular disinfectant for bacteria and fungi without significant damage on ocular cells and tissues, although the treatment of conjunctival fibroblasts and keratocytes caused a time-restricted generation of intracellular ROS and oxidative stress-related responses