FasL is more frequently expressed in liver metastases of colorectal cancer than in matched primary carcinomas

Colorectal carcinoma cells have recently been shown to express Fas ligand (FasL). This ligand could allow the tumour cells to evade activated tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by inducing their apoptosis and would thus promote tumour survival and possibly metastasis formation. To test this hypothesis in vivo we analysed the expression of FasL mRNA and protein in paired tissue samples of normal colonic mucosa (N), primary colorectal carcinomas (T) and their metastases (M) from a total of 21 patients by four different methods. Additionally, the presence and activation status of infiltrating lymphocytes, which might contribute to the total amount of FasL in the tissue, was determined by semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) in the same samples. The frequency of FasL detection was 30–40% in T and was 60–100% in M, depending on the sensitivity of the method. Simultaneously, the amount of CD25 mRNA, used as a measure of the number of activated TILs, was in 90% of patients lower in M than in T. The increased frequency of FasL detection in liver metastases was therefore not due to the presence of activated TILs. We conclude that metastasizing subpopulations of colorectal tumour cells express FasL more frequently than the primary carcinomas and may be able to eliminate activated TILs in vivo via Fas/FasL-induced apoptosis or other hitherto unknown mechanisms. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

Regional economic development controls

The article presents the problems connected with the shaping of the development of a region in new socio-economic and political conditions. The author points to the circumstances in which regional authorities may construct the program of such development, and presents the instruments to be used for ensuring a harmonious development of a given region. Besides, the author presents some methodological conceptions to be utilized in the process of coordinating developmental aims of entities cariying out the economic activity in a given region.Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/201

Carrying Out Municipal Tasks in the Scope of Housing Stock Management – Case Study of Poznań City

The municipal real estate stock, including housing, serves as an asset base in the process of carrying out statutory tasks by the municipality. Due to the numerous functions of municipal housing in socioeconomic development and its influence on people’s living conditions, it is essential that local governments manage the stock with particular rationality and effectiveness. Management activities differ according to the aim, type and functions of the stock. This paper discusses conditions and potential benefits for the municipality from replacing budgetary units with commercial companies that take over the statutory tasks of municipalities in the field of public social housing and providing the right conditions to enable people’s housing needs to be met. Furthermore, the author presents possible financial settlement forms resulting from leasing municipal housing to commercial companies

Strategic Dimension of Municipal Real Estate Stock Administration

The aim of the paper was to prove the legitimacy of the strategic approach to administration of municipal real estates. The author introduced the legal and economic aspects of the municipal real estate stock administration, and she emphasized the specificity and goals set in the process of administrating the subject stock. In the course of the research, the arguments for reshaping the municipal real estate stock administration model were identified. The arguments were based on the assumption that the administration process should be derived from the classification of real estates according to (current and future) municipal tasks and needs stipulated in strategic documents. The study also comprised the description of activities taken up by local authorities in subsequent stages of designing the strategy of municipal real estate administration.Celem artykułu jest wskazanie zasadności strategicznego podejścia do gospodarowania nieruchomościami komunalnymi. W rozważaniach przedstawiono prawne i ekonomiczne aspekty gospodarowania, a także wskazano na specyfikę i cele gospodarowania nieruchomościami komunalnymi. Zidentyfikowano argumenty uzasadniające zmianę modelu gospodarowania nieruchomościami komunalnymi, wskazując, iż podstawą procesu gospodarowania zasobem nieruchomości komunalnych powinna być klasyfikacja nieruchomości ze względu na realizację (obecnie i w przyszłości) zadań gminy i potrzeby wynikające z dokumentów strategicznych. W rozważaniach przedstawiono ponadto działania podejmowane w kolejnych etapach opracowywania strategii gospodarowania zasobem komunalnym

Instruments of rational management of land in the activity of people's councils

Presently binding legal acts tats The Protection and Forming of the Environment Act, The Peopless Councils and Territorial Self-Government System Act, The Town and Country Planning Act, create formal grounds for people's councils independent decisions in masters concerning theiir regions. This calls among others, for a different approach in cases of managing of town and country and in town and country. The article criticises the previous objective treatment of town and country, preseoting at the same time the circumstances which conditioned the said approach and its effects in the environment. A large body of the discussion is devoted to the presentation of a certain calculus approach facilitating the local authorities to: 1) follow the changes in the environmental resources resulted by adopting a certain variant of development to realization. 2) present tasks to be taken on, in order to secure a harmonious development of a given unit. The sequence of acts to be followed in that approach can be treated as one of possible tools facilitating a selection of those programs of development which would account for properties and , resources of a given area as well as for the criteria of rationality in the aspect of the society.Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/201

Instruments of rational management of land in the activity of people's councils

Presently binding legal acts tats The Protection and Forming of the Environment Act, The Peopless Councils and Territorial Self-Government System Act, The Town and Country Planning Act, create formal grounds for people's councils independent decisions in masters concerning theiir regions. This calls among others, for a different approach in cases of managing of town and country and in town and country. The article criticises the previous objective treatment of town and country, preseoting at the same time the circumstances which conditioned the said approach and its effects in the environment. A large body of the discussion is devoted to the presentation of a certain calculus approach facilitating the local authorities to: 1) follow the changes in the environmental resources resulted by adopting a certain variant of development to realization. 2) present tasks to be taken on, in order to secure a harmonious development of a given unit. The sequence of acts to be followed in that approach can be treated as one of possible tools facilitating a selection of those programs of development which would account for properties and , resources of a given area as well as for the criteria of rationality in the aspect of the society.Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/201