American cutaneous leishmaniasis on the northern coastline of the State of São Paulo, 1993 to 2005

A leishmaniose tegumentar americana adquiriu caráter epidêmico no Litoral Norte Paulista, desde a década de 1990. A partir de dados secundários, realizou-se estudo descritivo da doença no período de 1993 a 2005 nos quatro municípios que compõem a região e analisou-se a freqüência dos flebotomíneos capturados nos locais prováveis de transmissão. Foram notificados 689 casos autóctones de leishmaniose tegumentar, com casos isolados e agrupados, determinando uma distribuição espacial heterogênea, com sincronismo na manifestação e ciclicidade, em intervalo de seis a oito anos. Todas as faixas etárias foram acometidas, com ligeiro predomínio do sexo masculino, sem associação com uma ocupação. Capturou-se 2.758 flebotomíneos e a espécie Nyssomyia intermedia predominou (80,4%), no peri e intradomicílio. A doença apresentou perfil de transmissão peri e intradomiciliar, entre o periurbano e a mata, e no interior da mata. Neste caso, a transmissão estaria mais relacionada com os focos enzoóticos.American cutaneous leishmaniasis acquired epidemic characteristics on the northern coastline of the State of São Paulo beginning in the 1990s. From secondary data, a descriptive study of the disease in the four municipalities making up this region over the period from 1993 to 2005 was conducted. The frequency of phlebotomine capture in the probable transmission locations was analyzed. 689 autochthonous cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were notified, with single and grouped cases, thus determining that the spatial distribution was heterogenous. There was synchronism and cyclicity of disease manifestation, at intervals of six to eight years. All ages were affected, with slight predominance among males, without association with any specific occupation. Among the 2,758 phlebotomines captured, Nyssomyia intermedia predominated (80.4%) inside homes and in areas surrounding them. The disease presented a transmission profile inside homes and in areas surrounding them, between the urban fringe and forests, and inside forests. In such cases, transmission would be more related to enzootic foci

Mapeamento dos parâmetros florísticos e estruturais de floresta de mangue com dados LIDAR e SRTM

This study estimated the floristic and structural parameters (height, diameter at breast height - DBH and biomass) of mangrove from remote sensing data Laser Detection and Range (LIDAR), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SRTM and orthophoto on Guarás Island, located 30 km from the mouth of the Amazon River. It was used data from LIDAR, SRTM and ortophotos during overflights. With the orthophoto data it was produced a map of Geobotanic units including only the mangrove area. It was performed the orthometric height correction and the point clouds was interpolated by nearest neighbor Technique, generating Digital Elevation Model (DEM) LIDAR (full points) with RMSE of 0.88 cm and using a computer language it was statistically separated the information of the last pulse of the surface as known as ground points. Thus data was interpolated by kriging method which was subsequently subtracted from the DEM. With Digital Model Height (DMV) values it was defined and selected the study sites and it was measured the trees in three categories: upside, intermediate and emerging trees. Than it was measured DBH and height in these places. 212 samples were collected and it was calculated the RMSE between the heights of the LIDAR and field, that resulted in a RMSE of 1.10 m. The chosen model to cross the information of LIDAR and field was the linear model whit R 2 = 91% and RMSE = 0.98 cm and for DBH and height field it was chosen the logarithmic model with R 2 = 74.1%. In the results of calibration of SRTM data the logarithmic model was also the most appropriate, in the relation of average height with SRTM there was a R 2 = 91% and RMSE of 2.2 m and to avarage DAP with SRTM the R 2 value was 88% and RMSE of 2.2 cm. With an inventory, biomass per specie data was estimated from field and it was produced maps of biomass per species from LIDAR, corrected SRTM and ortophotos.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorEste estudo apresenta a estimativa dos parâmetros florísticos e estruturais (determinação da espécie, altura, diâmetro a altura do Peito - DAP e biomassa) do mangue a partir de informações da superfície adquiridas remotamente com os sensores Laser Detection and Range (LIDAR), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) e ortofotos na Ilha dos Guarás, conjunto de arquipélagos localizado a 30 km da desembocadura do rio amazonas. Para esse trabalho foram utilizadas informações do SRTM, LIDAR e fotografias aéreas processadas e ortorretificadas durante dois sobrevôos realizados entre o mês de julho e agosto de 2011. Com a ortofoto foi feito o mapa do reconhecimento de unidades geobotânicas que delimitou apenas a classe mangue. Em seguida, foi realizada a correção da altura elipsoidal para a altura ortométrica, onde a nuvem de pontos foi interpolada pelo método vizinho mais próximo, gerando Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) LIDAR (full points) com RMSE de 0,88 cm e por meio de uma linguagem macro foi estatisticamente separadas as informações do último pulso da superfície, conhecido também por ground points. Em seguida, os dados foram interpolados pelo método de krigeagem que gerou o valor de Modelo Digital de Superfície (MDS), o qual foi subtraído do MDE. Com base no Modelo Digital de Vegetação (MDV) foram definidos os sítios de coleta e selecionadas as árvores ascendentes, intermediárias e emergentes, porte no qual foi medido o DAP e altura. No total foram coletadas 212 amostras individuais de mangue e para assegurar o nível de acurácia do conjunto coletado, foi realizado o cálculo de RMSE entre as alturas do LIDAR e Campo, que resultou em RMSE= 1,10 m. Os modelos escolhidos para calibração LIDAR e altura de campo foi do tipo linear, com R 2 = 91% e RMSE= 0,98 cm e para calibração da DAP e altura de campo foi escolhido o modelo Logarítmico R 2 = 74,1%. Nos resultados da calibração do SRTM o modelo logarítmico também foi o mais adequado para a relação entre altura média e SRTM com R 2 = 91% e RMSE de 2,2 m e DAP Médio e SRTM, com R 2 = 88% e RMSE 2,2 cm. A partir de um inventário foi realizada a estimativa da biomassa por espécie por meio das equações alométricas de Fromard e posteriormente os resultados foram espacializados em forma de mapas com alto nível de detalhamento oriundo das informações LIDAR e SRTM corrigido e ortofotos

Validação do mapeamento de vegetação secundária do projeto TerraClass para município de Bragança, Estado do Pará

This study presents the field validation of secondary vegetation data generated by the TerraClass project, for the municipality of Bragança, Pará State. The validation came from the comparison of mapping results with the answers found in a field study. To assist in the collection of field samples, a LANDSAT-TM5 (08/09/2008), vectors of secondary vegetation and the municipal boundary were compile and inserted into a appropriate GPS software. However, due to access difficult to the south side of the municipality, the points for this area were obtained from high resolution imagery available in Google Earth. In total we collected 79 samples, 69 field and 10 from Google Earth correspondent imagery. We observed that 93.6% of the verified information represents the secondary vegetation and 6.33% did not correspond to this typology. Another method used to validate the percentage of secondary vegetation was the Global Accuracy method, which was obtained 0.9405. It can be concluded that the secondary vegetation mapping for the region, showed great accuracy, becoming a important tool for the understanding of the land use dynamics especially after deforestation process.Pages: 6763-677

Avaliação das potencialidades do sensor AWIFS para a detecção de corte seletivo de madeira na Amazônia

The selective logging is a process that is increasing in areas of the Brazilian Amazon. After Law 11,824 from 2006, about the Management of Public Forests, were determined concession areas for sustainable use of forest, where selective logging is allowed as a practice of logging. These areas need to be monitored as the process of exploration and the method is based on the use of LANDSAT images and application of digital processing techniques, known as Project DETEX (Detection Areas Selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon).This paper aims to present the potential for identification of areas under the influence of selective logging, based on sensor AWIFS, Indian satellite RESOURSAT-1. To evaluate the potential of this sensor was chosen an area of Acre State, Brazil, where he held a field work and collected information on different areas under logging. The results indicated that the AWIFS images have potential to detect selective logging, where it is found in intermediate and advanced stage of degradation. Despite the work field to have data on canopy density, as measures of densitometer, there was no relationship between these measures and areas identified in the image. However, further tests with other sensors, such as the LISS beyond application of digital processing can improve the most effective results already found and allow the continuation of projects monitoring of forest concession areas.Pages: 1599-160