Aprendizagem significativa no ensino de engenharia

Esse trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar as teorias da aprendizagem e em especial a utilização da teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa no ensino de Engenharia. É apresentado o conceito de mapa conceptual, que ajudará o professor a planejar suas aulas e também podem ser utilizados pelos alunos no auxílio da ancoragem de conhecimento e a consolidação do conhecimento.<br>That work has the objective to show the theories of learning and especially the use of the theory of the Significant Learning in teaching of Engineering. The idea of conceptual map is presented, which will help the teacher to plan his classes and it can also be used by the students in the aid of the knowledge anchorage and the consolidation of their knowledge

Passionflower supplementation in diets of Japanese qualis at rearing and laying periods Efeitos da utilização de passiflora em rações de codornas japonesas nas fases de recria e postura

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the inclusion of passionflower (Passiflora alata) in diets on performance, behavior, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L), corticosterone plasma levels (CPL) and immune response of quails. The study was carried out using 192 birds, distributed in randomized blocks with 4 diets (0, 125, 250 and 375 and 0, 250, 500 and 750 mg of passionflower/kg of feed for the rearing and laying period, respectively), 8 replicates and 6 birds per experimental unit. The rearing period began when birds were 28 days of age and it lasted for 15 days. In this phase, it was evaluated daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion, viability, tonic immobility time, intensity of injuries, behavior, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, and corticosterone plasma levels. Laying phase started when birds were 43 days of age and it finished when they were 140 days of age; it was compesed of six 14-day cycles in which it evaluated feed intake, feed conversion, egg production and quality, viability, tonic immobility time, intensity of injuries, behavior, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, corticosterone plasma levels and immune response. In the rearing period, the use of passionflower in the diet of quails influenced the behavioral parameters, and the birds became calmer, mainly at the dosage of 375 mg/kg of ration. However, in the laying period, passionflower was efficient in reducing stress in the quails, and the most promising results are observed when higher dosages of the phytotherapic were applied. Nevertheless, the dose of 750 mg/kg of feeeding reduces egg production, though it does not influence quality of eggs neither immune response of the quails.<br>Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de passiflora na ração sobre o desempenho, o comportamento, a relação heterófilo/linfócito, a concentração plasmática de corticosterona e a imunidade de codornas. Foram utilizadas 192 aves, distribuídas em blocos casualizados com 4 dietas (0, 125, 250 e 375, e 0, 250, 500 e 750 mg de passiflora/kg de ração nas fases de recria e postura, respectivamente), 8 repetições e 6 aves por parcela. A fase de recria iniciou-se aos 28 dias de idade das aves e teve duração de 15 dias. Nesta fase foram avaliados o consumo diário de ração, o ganho diário de peso, a conversão alimentar, a viabilidade, o tempo em imobilidade tônica, a intensidade de ferimentos, o comportamento, a relação heterófilo/linfócito e concentração plasmática de corticosterona. A fase de postura teve início quando as aves atingiram 43 dias de idade e seu término encerrou-se aos 140 dias de idade das aves; foi constituída de seis ciclos de 14 dias, nos quais foram avaliados o consumo de ração, a conversão alimentar, a produção e qualidade de ovos, a viabilidade, o tempo em imobilidade tônica, a intensidade de ferimentos, o comportamento, a relação herófilo/linfócito, a concentração plasmática de corticosterona e a resposta imunológica. Na fase de recria, o uso de passiflora na dieta de codornas influenciou os parâmetros comportamentais, tornando as aves mais calmas, principalmente na dosagem de 375 mg/kg de ração. Já na fase de postura, foi eficaz na redução do estresse das codornas, e os resultados mais promissores foram observados quando aplicadas as maiores dosagens do fitoterápico. A dosagem de 750 mg/kg de ração, no entanto, diminui a produção de ovos, embora não tenha influência na qualidade dos ovos nem a resposta imunológica das aves

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora