Peranan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu dalam Pembangunan Hutan Kemasyarakatan di Perbukitan Menoreh (Kasus di Desa Hargorejo, Kokap, Kulonprogo, D.I.Yogyakarta)

Pengembangan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu (HHBK) dalam berbagai program pembangunan kehutanan yang mengutamakan fungsi lingkungan, sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya masyarakat lokal diharapkan dapat mewujudkan kelestarian hutan. Salah satu program pembangunan kehutanan adalah Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan HHBK dalam pembangunan HKm yang dilakukan di Perbukitan Menoreh dengan kasus di Desa Hargorejo, Kokap, Kulon Progo. Data dikumpulkan pada bulan Januari hingga Juni 2013 melalui wawancara secara mendalam terhadap 10 informan dan penyebaran kuesioner terhadap 35 orang anggota kelompok tani yang memiliki lahan garapan di HKm. Jenis tanaman kayu yang dominan dikembangkan adalah tanaman jati, mahoni, dan akasia. Sementara tanaman HHBK yang ditanam adalah tanaman buah (pisang, nangka), tanaman pangan (singkong, jagung, kedelai, kacang tanah), serta tanaman herbal (jahe, kunyit, temulawak). Pengelolaan HKm dilakukan secara swadaya dengan didampingi Yayasan DAMAR. Selain kondisi lingkungan menjadi hijau dan sejuk (66% responden menyatakan lingkungan desa menjadi lebih hijau dan sejuk), debit air bertambah (76% responden menyatakan persediaan air banyak), dampak positif pengelolaan HKm di Desa Hargorejo adalah juga memberikan kontribusi ekonomi pada rumah tangga petani (terjadi pengurangan prosentasi kondisi ekonomi petani kurang baik dari 80% menjadi 52% setelah adanya akses HKm).Kata kunci: HHBK, hutan kemasyarakatan, Menoreh, program pengembangan, manfaat hutanThe roles of Non Timber Forest Products in the development of community forestry in Menoreh Hills (A case of Hargorejo Village, Kokap, Kulon Progo Regency, YogyakartaAbstractDevelopment of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in various forestry development program that promotes the function of environmental, social, economic, and culture of local communities is expected to create sustainability. One of the forestry development programs are Community Forest (HKm). This study aimed to determine the role of NTFPs in community forest development which was done in Menoreh Hills in Hargorejo’s Village, Kokap, Kulon Progo’s Regency. Data were collected in January until June 2013 with in-depth interviews to 10 informers and by questioners to 35 members of the group of farmers who had arable land in HKm. The dominant type of timber plants were teak, mahogany, and acacia. Further, the NTFPs plants grown were fruit crops (banana, jackfruit), food crops (cassava, corn, soybeans, peanuts), and herbs (ginger, turmeric, temulawak). The management of HKm was conducted independently by DAMAR fondation. In addition to the condition of being green and cool environment (66% of respondents said the village environment becomes greener and cooler), increased water discharge (76% of respondents expressed a lot of water supplies), the positive impact of community forest management in Hargorejo’s Village was also the contribution to the household economy of farmers (a reduction in the percentage of less well economic conditions of farmers from 80% to 52% after the access HKm)

The Bamboo Business in Tasikmalaya, Indonesia, During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Globally, various sectors were adversely affected by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to determine the economic condition of bamboo craftsmen in Mandalagiri Village, Leuwisari District, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. This is an in-depth research with data obtained by interviewing 35 bamboo craftsmen with various products and production scales. The results showed that craftsmen were not economically affected by the pandemic rather by the central government-stipulated regulation on social distancing, which led to their inability to transport their product from Tasikmalaya to Jakarta and other regions. However, since the government lifted the ban, their income has increased by an average of 2%. The result further showed that the main factor that keeps craftsmen from being negatively affected by the pandemic is the increasing online market demand supported by the availability of raw materials and the ability to adapt to various new model products. Other factors linked to the national market and products answer the demand of the modern market in the cities. Meanwhile, the main factors that positively affect the craftsmen's income are age and marital status

CONSTRUCTION OF LOCAL WISDOM OF THE COMMUNITY FOREST FARMERS IN THE UTILIZATION OF DUWET (SYZYGIUM CUMINI LINN)

One of the forms of ethnoecological tradition performed for generations by the people of the Triwidadi Village, Pajangan, DI Yogyakarta is the utilization of forest resources “duwet” (Syzygium cumini Linn) as a medicinal plant. However, these values and local wisdom received less recognition and appreciation from the government, especially to be considered as a basis in the formulation of forest management policies in Java. The aims of the study are to construct local wisdom in the utilization of duwet as a form of physical culture of an institutionalized knowledge system.by using cognitive ethnographic method. This semi-quantitative research is focused to seek sociological explanation of cultural knowledge systems and duwet utilization process. Duwet habitat is in natural forest, secondary forest, and garden-yard, describes the form of changes in the environmental adaptation and social processes of forest resource utilization. The results showed that there is a symbolic interaction in the utilization of duwet consisting of constitution, cognitive, assessment and disclosure feeling symbols. In the construction of local knowledge, the utilization of duwet reflects six essential elements of ethnoecology, namely local resources, local knowledge, local value, local skills, local solidarity groups, and mechanisms of local decision-making

Conflict Mapping of Gunung Ciremai National Park in Cisantana Village, Cigugur, Kuningan, West Java

The purpose of this study is to conflict mapping, explain conflict style of stakeholder and choices of conflict resolution. This study was conducted in February 2017 in Cisantana Village, Kuningan Regency. Data were collected through participatory rural appraisal; interviews, field observation, documentation and focus group discussions. The study method was used Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA) and Dispute Style Analysis (AGATA). The results showed that the dominant conflict in TNGC was the change of forest status which affected the economic activities of the community around TNGC, that involved eight dominant actor. In a conflict, the stakeholder has a different style of dispute. The stakeholders was facilitated and mediated to propose a permit to manage Patulungan (parking management), and a permit to manage Ipukan (tourism guide). In this case, the role of outsiders who do not have a conflict relationship is needed in order to realize conflict resolution

INVOLUSI HUTAN RAKYAT (KASUS DI PERBUKITAN MENOREH KABUPATEN KULON PROGO)

Conditions of poverty that occurs in the farming community and the development of private forests is relatively rapid in Java, provides an overview interesting to see how is strategies that the farmers done where vastland ownership continues to decline, a result of the increasing number of family members in the household farmers. How big change happens, how much minimum land of area required for subsistence farming households, as well as how the farmers responding the limitations of private forest, are the things that will be studied and researched. This study used ethnographic research methods, in order to produce a description of the contents of social culture composed of expressions and behavior of the communities studied. Research sites in the Menoreh Hills in KulonProgo Regency, DIY by reason: (1) The phenomenon of changing patterns of land use from agriculture to private forest. (2) KulonProgo declared as areas that have relatively high poverty rates. The results of this research were occurs involution private forests in the Menoreh hills particular Hargorejo village, with the understanding retardation / stagnation private forest farmers caused by the tendency of the farmers who continually changing landless of the farm into a private forest (50-100% of the land area owned), without followed by knowledge of private forest management, so that the results of the private forests are not different from the results of the farm, and even tended to decline and threaten the food security of their private forest can not be the livelihood of subsistence farming households due to the landless. Land area at least for households private forests at subsistence level seen in the farming community which has a land area > 5000 m2. Strategies of farmers in overcoming the limitations of private forest land to meet subsistence needs is to plant perennials/wood in agricultural land, with the aim to be left to work in the non-agricultural sector (the informal sector)

The Nexus of COVID-19 Pandemic and Rural Agroforestry Farmers’ Livelihoods in Tasikmalaya Regency, East Priangan, Indonesia

The agricultural sector is one of the aspects that was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agroforestry farmers’ livelihoods in rural areas. It was carried out in Tasikmalaya Regency, East Priangan, where mixed garden agroforestry farming supports part of the economic life of the community. The data used were collected between August and September 2021 by interviewing 33 farmer households. A coding and descriptive analysis were carried out to discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agroforestry farmers and their strategies. Subsequently, the cost-income, revenue cost ratio, and labor productivity analyses were used to assess the feasibility of agroforestry farming before and during the pandemic. The results showed that government policies related to handling the pandemic in form of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) and the Implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) significantly affected the lives of farmers. These include decreased demand and commodity selling prices, difficulties in marketing agroforestry products, and a decrease in farmers' incomes by 38.45%. The agroforestry business has become less viable due to a reduction in farm productivity from R/C 1.1 before the pandemic to 0.85 during the pandemic, while farmer labor productivity decreased from US$3.00 to US$ 2.10. The farmers used direct cash assistance from the government and processed agroforestry products for sale and consumption as a survival strategy during the pandemic. Meanwhile, the government can help agroforestry farmers by increasing road access to rural areas, providing fertilizer and superior seeds, and also optimizing the role of livestock farmer groups

Traditional Subsistence Farming of Smallholder Agroforestry Systems in Indonesia: A Review

Agroforestry has been practiced for decades and is undoubtedly an important source of income for Indonesian households living near forests. However, there are still many cases of poverty among farmers due to a lack of ability to adopt advanced technology. This literature review aims to identify the characteristics and factors causing the occurrence of agricultural subsistence and analyze its implications for the level of farmer welfare and the regional forestry industry. The literature analysis conducted reveals that small land tenure, low literacy rates, and lack of forest maintenance are the main causes of the subsistence of small agroforestry farmers. Another reason is that subsistence-oriented agroforestry practices are considered a strong form of smallholder resilience. All of these limitations have implications for low land productivity and high-sawn timber waste from community forests. To reduce the subsistence level of farmers, government intervention is needed, especially in providing managerial assistance packages, capital assistance, and the marketing of forest products. Various agroforestry technologies are available but have not been implemented consistently by farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an integrated collaboration between researchers, farmers, and regionally owned enterprises (BUMD) to increase access to technology and markets. Although it is still difficult to realize, forest services, such as upstream–downstream compensation and carbon capture, have the potential to increase farmer income