PRÁTICAS DA LETRA, UNIVERSIDADE E POVOS INDÍGENAS: ENSAIO DE UM LABORATÓRIO INTERCULTURAL

Este ensaio pretende ser uma breve reflexão sobre um processo em curso nos últimos dois anos, no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras: Linguagem e Identidade, decorrente de um esforço coletivo na implantação de um grupo transdisciplinar de pesquisas, denominado Laboratório de Interculturalidade (LaBinter). O objetivo mais geral desse laboratório é desenvolver o conceito de “escola indígena”, em suas implicações éticas e estéticas, através de pesquisas sobre, com e através das escolas situadas nas aldeias indígenas do Acre. O pensamento coletivo que se apresenta aqui, com o intuito de registrar sinteticamente o movimento teórico e metodológico em questão, também quer chamar a atenção para o potencial para o enriquecimento da área de Letras na UFAC no seu envolvimento com as comunidades indígenas

Decoy activity through microRNAs : the therapeutic implications

Introduction: microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, are deregulated in several diseases including cancer. miRNAs regulate gene expression at a posttranscriptional level by binding to 5´UTR, coding regions or 3´UTR of messenger RNAs (mRNA), inhibiting mRNA translation or causing mRNA degradation. The same miRNA can have multiple mRNA targets, and the same mRNA can be regulated by various miRNAs. Areas covered: Recently, seminal contributions by several groups have implicated miRNAs as components of an RNA--RNA language that involves crosstalk between competing endogenous RNAs through a decoy mechanism. We review the studies that described miRNAs as players in a biological decoy activity. miRNAs can either be trapped by competing endogenous RNAs or interact with proteins that have binding sites for mRNAs. Expert opinion: The miRNA decoy functions have implications for the design of therapeutic approaches in human diseases, including specific ways to overcome resistance to drug therapy and future miRNA-based clinical trials design.M.I.A. is supported by a PhD fellowship (SFRH/BD/47031/2008) from Fundacão para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal. Dr. Calin is The Alan M. Gewirtz Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Scholar. He is also supported as a Fellow at The University of Texas MD Anderson Research Trust, as a University of Texas System Regents Research Scholar, and by the CLL Global Research Foundation. Work in Dr. Calin’s laboratory is supported in part by an NIH/NCI grant (CA135444), a Department of Defense Breast Cancer Idea Award, Developmental Research Awards in Breast Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Brain Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Leukemia SPOREs, the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, the RGK Foundation and the Estate of C. G. Johnson, Jr. The authors disclose no conflicts of interests and no funding was received in preparation of this manuscript

On the Richardson-Lucy Algorithm with A Varying Point Spread Function along The Iterations

Abstract: This work analyses the soundness of two algorithms, Fishsint and Almexp to improve images using the Richardson-Lucy (RL) algorithm under a varying Point Spread Function (PSF) along the iterations. A plethora of methods based on Richardson-Lucy has been published, but no further proposal involving such an alternative has been published. Whereas the unnamed predecessor of Fishsint addressed only small size synthetic images under a blind fashion procedure, Fishsint and Almexp employs an algorithm Wdet to determine the initial PSF and all subsequent values after each iteration, respectively. Fishsint performs a loop, where the last determined PSF improves the previously obtained image and vice versa. Its original unnamed version has been modified in the present work by entering a previously determined initial PSF to accelerate the convergence. The algorithm Almexp, as well, uses the algorithm Wdet to determine the PSF of the last obtained image to deconvolve itself. Therefore, whereas the Fishsint unnamed predecessor used an initial guess PSF - chosen by the customer - Almexp determines the PSF always through the algorithm Wdet. Fishsint and Almexp furnish final images which outperform those obtained with the original Richardson-Lucy approach working under a constant PSF along the iterations. Hence, in order to carry out a comparison between their performances, all the algorithms have been embedded into an ad hoc written Fortran 90 program. The results corroborate the soundness of a varying PSF along the iterations with the Richardson Lucy algorithm. Keywords: Richardson-Lucy, varying PSF along iterations, image improvement, neutron radiograph

O homem se reencontra e se olha em tudo o que Vê: a frondescência do saber autoconsciente no paradigma da complexidade

Apresentamos, neste trabalho, o olhar da complexidade sobre o fenômeno humano que ira abarcar os sistemas que envolvem a vida. Nesse paradigma pós-moderno, a fronteira entre mundo externo e interno tende a diluir-se, assim como natureza e cultura a interpenetrarem-se e o Eu e o Outro se aprontam para servir de mútuo espelho de conhecimento e testemunho. A partir dessa visão de conjunção e reconhecimento entre mundos por meio da ciência, da mística e do autoconhecimento, alimenta-se o processo de construção do conhecimento científico e da constituição da humanidade. Ao observarmos o exercício de pesquisa e do trabalho docente, percebemos como ocorre o desenvolvimento de saberes que vem engendrar o ser individual, o ser coletivo, assim como a própria criação do mundo.Palavras-chave: Paradigma da complexidade. Ciência. Consciência de si.Man founds itself and looks at everything he sees: the frondescence of self-conscious knowledge in the paradigm of complexityAbstractThis article presents the view of complexity upon the human phenomenon encompassing systems involving life. In the postmodern paradigm, the frontier between outside and inner world are solving, so as the lines between nature and culture seems to be interpenetrating each other. As well as I and the Other stand ready to serve as mutual mirror for knowledge and witness of life. From this point of conjunction and recognition among worlds considering science, mystic view and self-knowledge the process of construction is fed by scientiHc learnings and the humanity constitution itself. As the exercise of scientiHc research and the teaching work are observed, it is possible to perceive the development of knowledge that comes to engender the individual being, the collective being as well as the creation of the world itself.Keywords: Complexity paradigm. Science. Self-consciousness.El hombre se reencuentra y se mira en todo lo que ve: la frondescencia del saber autoconsciente en el paradigma de la complejidadResumenPresentamos en este trabajo la mirada de la complejidad sobre el fenómeno que ira abarcar los sistemas que involucran la vida. En este paradigma posmoderno la frontera entre mundo externo e interno tienden a una dilución, así como la naturaleza y cultura que se mesclan, como tambien el Yo y el Otro se preparan para que sirvieran de mutuo espejo de conocimiento y testimonio. A partir de esa mirada de conjunción y reconocimiento entre mundos por medio de la ciencia, de la mística, y del autoconocimiento, se alimenta el proceso de construcción del conocimiento cientíHco y constitución de la humanidad. Al senalarnos el ejercicio de investigación y trabajo del cuerpo docente nos dimos cuenta como ocurre el desarrollo de los conocimientos que vienen a engendrar el ser individual, el ser colectivo, así como la propia creación del mundo. Palabras clave: Paradigma de la complejidad. Ciencia. Autoconciencia

Determinantes sociais e padrões de consumo de álcool na Bahia, Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To study patterns of alcohol consumption and prevalence of high-risk drinking. METHODS: A household survey was carried out in a sample of 2,302 adults in Salvador, Brazil. Cases of High-Risk Drinking (HRD) were defined as those subjects who referred daily or weekly binge drinking plus episodes of drunkenness and those who reported any use of alcoholic beverages but with frequent drunkenness (at least once a week). RESULTS: Fifty-six per cent of the sample acknowledged drinking alcoholic beverages. Overall consumption was significantly related with gender (male), marital status (single), migration (non-migrant), better educated (college level), and social class (upper). No significant differences were found regarding ethnicity, except for cachaça (Brazilian sugarcane liquor) and other distilled beverages. Overall 12-month prevalence of high-risk drinking was 7%, six times more prevalent among males than females (almost 13% compared to 2.4%). A positive association of HRD prevalence with education and social class was found. No overall relationship was found between ethnicity and HRD. Male gender and higher socioeconomic status were associated with increased odds of HRD. Two-way stratified analyses yielded consistent gender effects throughout all strata of independent variables. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that social and cultural elements determine local patterns of alcohol-drinking behavior. Additional research on long-term and differential effects of gender, ethnicity, and social class on alcohol use and misuse is needed in order to explain their role as sources of social health inequities.OBJETIVOS: Investigar padrões de consumo de álcool e prevalência de consumo de alto risco. MÉTODOS: Inquérito domiciliar realizado no município de Salvador, Bahia, com amostra de 2.302 adultos. Casos de consumo de alto risco foram definidos como sujeitos que referiram uso diário ou semanal mais episódios de embriaguez, além daqueles que informaram qualquer uso de bebidas alcoólicas com embriaguez freqüente (pelo menos uma vez por semana). RESULTADOS: Cinqüenta e seis por cento da amostra referiram consumo atual de bebidas alcoólicas. Consumo global estava significantemente associado a gênero (homens), estado civil (solteiros), migração (não-migrantes), educação (nível superior) e classe social (alta). Nenhuma diferença significante foi encontrada com relação a etnicidade, com exceção de cachaça e outras bebidas destiladas. A prevalência anual de consumo de alto risco foi 7%, seis vezes mais prevalente entre homens que entre mulheres (quase 13% comparado a 2,4%). Foi encontrada uma associação positiva de prevalência de consumo de alto risco com educação e classe social. Nenhuma relação global foi encontrada entre etnicidade e consumo de alto risco. Gênero masculino e níveis socioeconômicos mais altos foram associados ao aumento de consumo de alto risco. Análises estratificadas revelaram um efeito consistente de gênero, através de todos os estratos de variáveis independentes. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que elementos sociais e culturais determinam padrões locais de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. Pesquisas adicionais sobre efeitos de longo prazo de etnicidade, classe social e gênero sobre consumo de álcool são necessárias, visando a explicar o seu papel como fontes de desigualdades sociais em saúde

Novel genes and sex differences in COVID-19 severity

Sex differences; COVID-19Diferències de sexe; COVID-19Diferencias de sexo; COVID-19Here, we describe the results of a genome-wide study conducted in 11 939 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases with an extensive clinical information that were recruited from 34 hospitals across Spain (SCOURGE consortium). In sex-disaggregated genome-wide association studies for COVID-19 hospitalization, genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10−8) was crossed for variants in 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci only among males (P = 1.3 × 10−22 and P = 8.1 × 10−12, respectively), and for variants in 9q21.32 near TLE1 only among females (P = 4.4 × 10−8). In a second phase, results were combined with an independent Spanish cohort (1598 COVID-19 cases and 1068 population controls), revealing in the overall analysis two novel risk loci in 9p13.3 and 19q13.12, with fine-mapping prioritized variants functionally associated with AQP3 (P = 2.7 × 10−8) and ARHGAP33 (P = 1.3 × 10−8), respectively. The meta-analysis of both phases with four European studies stratified by sex from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) confirmed the association of the 3p21.31 and 21q22.11 loci predominantly in males and replicated a recently reported variant in 11p13 (ELF5, P = 4.1 × 10−8). Six of the COVID-19 HGI discovered loci were replicated and an HGI-based genetic risk score predicted the severity strata in SCOURGE. We also found more SNP-heritability and larger heritability differences by age (<60 or ≥60 years) among males than among females. Parallel genome-wide screening of inbreeding depression in SCOURGE also showed an effect of homozygosity in COVID-19 hospitalization and severity and this effect was stronger among older males. In summary, new candidate genes for COVID-19 severity and evidence supporting genetic disparities among sexes are provided.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20_00622 to A.C., COV20/00792 to M.B., COV20_00181 to C.A., COV20_1144 to M.A.J.S., PI20/00876 to C.F.); European Union (ERDF) ‘A way of making Europe’. Fundación Amancio Ortega, Banco de Santander (to A.C.), Estrella de Levante S.A. and Colabora Mujer Association (to E.G.-N.) and Obra Social La Caixa (to R.B.); Agencia Estatal de Investigación (RTC-2017-6471-1 to C.F.), Cabildo Insular de Tenerife (CGIEU0000219140 ‘Apuestas científicas del ITER para colaborar en la lucha contra la COVID-19’ to C.F.) and Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (PIFIISC20/57 to C.F.)

Rutina como fotoestabilizadora de protetores solares de amplo espectro / Rutin as photostabilizer for broad spectrum sunscreens

The combination of butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMBM) and octyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations but may exhibit alteration in spectral absorption following exposure to UV radiation. The addition of natural substances in sunscreen formulations has been explored regarding photoprotective efficacy. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of rutin as a photostabilizer substance of EHMC and BMBM. The samples were evaluated before and after exposure to UV radiation to in vitro photoprotection and molecular interactions by 1H NMR, DSC, TG and qualitative analysis of the suppression of singlet energy state. The addition of rutin in the formulations containing BMBM and EHMC promoted an increase in the preservation of in vitro SPF of 53.9% to 65.8 (0.1% rutin ) and 70.8 % (1.0% rutin ). The DSC and TG curves of rutin showed interaction between the flavonoid and filters. The trans/cis ratio for EHMC improved from 5.5 ± 0.1 to 12.6 ± 0.4 with rutin addition. The suppression of the singlet state indicated that one of the mechanisms involved in the photostabilization is suppression of singlet excited state. These results can contribute to the development of broad-spectrum sunscreens formulations with increased safety and efficacy

Responsabilidad social aspecto fundamental en el desarrollo empresarial de la organización Cooprofesores

En el desarrollo de este trabajo se investigo la empresa Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito de Profesores, COOPROFESORES, de actividad económica financiera y de seguros frente a los principales aspectos fundamentales de la norma ISO 26000 de responsabilidad social empresarial en la ejecución de su actividad comercial, donde se detectaron aspectos a mejorar guiados por la norma que garantizan la trazabilidad de una gestión organizacional conforme a la misión, visión y valores de la compañía de una forma ms incluyente en la interacción y respeto hacia los diferentes grupos de interés.In the development of this work, the company Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito de Profesores, COOPROFESORES, of financial economic activity and insurance, was investigated against the main fundamental aspects of the ISO 26000 standard of corporate social responsibility in the execution of its commercial activity, where aspects to improve guided by the standard were detected that guarantee the traceability of an organizational management in accordance with the mission, vision and values of the company in a more inclusive way in the interaction and respect towards the different interest groups