28 research outputs found
Viver o pós-parto como adaptação
O presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do pós-parto, através da
análise do mesmo enquanto um período de adaptação a uma nova realidade - admitindo o nascimento
enquanto fonte de inúmeras mudanças, tanto a nível prático e de reorganização do quotidiano, como a
nível identitário e de reorientação prioritária. No sentido de compreender de que forma esse processo de
adaptação é realizado, e de identificar os fatores que participam na sua estruturação, focamos a análise
nas narrativas de mulheres que estejam a experienciar pela primeira vez a maternidade, uma vez que é
nestes casos que as mudanças provocadas pela transição para a maternidade serão mais marcadas.
Fazendo uso de uma abordagem qualitativa, e com base na realização de entrevistas em profundidade,
analisamos os dados recolhidos mobilizando a proposta teórica de Lahire (2001) acerca da relação entre
passado incorporado e presente contextual, aplicando a mesma à realidade social em estudo. A análise
realizada revela a complexidade da realidade do pós-parto e a relevância de compreender o mesmo
enquanto fase adaptativa, e permite concluir que esta adaptação à nova maternidade não deve ser
entendida enquanto um processo linear ou unitário, mas sim enquanto algo dinâmico e
multidimensional, apenas compreensível através da análise dos múltiplos elementos que a constituem e
das relações estabelecidas entre estes elementos.The present study’s goal is to contribute to a better understanding of postpartum, through its analysis of
it as a period of adaptation to a new reality - recognizing birth as a source of numerous changes, that
range from a practical level, with the reorganization of daily life, to the reorientation of identity or
priorities. Looking to comprehend that adaptation process, and to identify the main factors that
participate in structuring it, we focus our analysis on the narratives of women that are experiencing
motherhood for the first time, since it’s among these women that the changes provoked by the transition
into motherhood will be more noticeable. Using a qualitative approach, we examine the collected data
mobilizing Lahire’s (2001) theoretical proposal of the relationship between incorporated past and
contextual present and apply it to the social reality in study. The analysis reveals the complexity of postpartum and the relevance of understanding it as a period of adaptation, allowing us to conclude that this
adaptation to motherhood shouldn’t be seen as a linear or unitary process, but rather as something
dynamic and multidimensional, only comprehensible through the analysis of the multiple elements that
constitute it, and the relationships established between those elements
Energy Resolution Performance of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter
The energy resolution performance of the CMS lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter is presented. Measurements were made with an electron beam using a fully equipped supermodule of the calorimeter barrel. Results are given both for electrons incident on the centre of crystals and for electrons distributed uniformly over the calorimeter surface. The electron energy is reconstructed in matrices of 3 times 3 or 5 times 5 crystals centred on the crystal containing the maximum energy. Corrections for variations in the shower containment are applied in the case of uniform incidence. The resolution measured is consistent with the design goals
Collins and Sivers asymmetries in muonproduction of pions and kaons off transversely polarised protons
Measurements of the Collins and Sivers asymmetries for charged pions and charged and neutral kaons produced in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of high energy muons off transversely polarised protons are presented. The results were obtained using all the available COMPASS proton data, which were taken in the years 2007 and 2010. The Collins asymmetries exhibit in the valence region a non-zero signal for pions and there are hints of non-zero signal also for kaons. The Sivers asymmetries are found to be positive for positive pions and kaons and compatible with zero otherwise. © 2015
Iron bioavailability in Wistar rats fed with fortified rice by Ultra Rice® technology with or without addition of yacon flour (Smallanthus sonchifolius)
This study aimed to evaluate iron (Fe) bioavailability in Wistar rats fed with rice fortified with micronized ferric pyrophosphate (FP) by Ultra Rice® (UR) technology with or without addition of yacon flour as a source of 7.5% of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Diets were supplied with 12 mg iron/kg from the following sources: ferrous sulfate (FS - control diet), fortified rice with micronized ferric pyrophosphate (Ultra Rice®) (UR diet), ferrous sulfate + yacon flour (FS + Y diet) or Ultra Rice® + yacon flour (UR + Y diet). Blood samples were collected at the end of depletion and repletion stages for determination of hemoglobin concentration and calculation of the relative biological value (RBV). Also, the content of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (acetic, propionic and butyric acids) from animals’ stools and caecum weight were determined. The UR diet showed high iron bioavailability (RBV = 84.7%). However, the addition of yacon flour in the diet containing fortified rice (UR + Y diet) decreased RBV (63.1%) significantly below the other three groups (p<0.05). Groups that received yacon flour showed higher acetic acid values compared to those who did not. In conclusion, fortified UR® with micronized ferric pyrophosphate showed high iron bioavailability but the addition of yacon flour at 7.5% FOS reduced iron bioavailability despite increased caecum weight and SCFA concentration.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la biodisponibilidad de hierro (Fe) en ratas Wistar alimentadas con arroz fortificado con pirofosfato férrico micronizado por medio de la tecnología Ultra Rice® (UR®), con o sin adición de harina de yacón. Las dietas contenían 12 mg de hierro/kg a partir de las siguientes fuentes: sulfato ferroso (SF - dieta de control), Ultra Rice® (dieta UR®), sulfato ferroso + harina de yacón (dieta SF + Y) o Ultra Rice® + harina de yacón (dieta UR® + Y). Al final del estudio, se recogieron muestras de sangre para la determinación de la concentración de hemoglobina y el cálculo del valor biológico relativo (RBV). También se determinó el contenido de ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC) (ácidos acético, propiónico y butírico) en las heces de los animales. La dieta UR® mostró alta biodisponibilidad de hierro (RBV = 84,7%). Sin embargo, la adición de harina de yacón en la dieta que contenía arroz fortificado (dieta UR® + Y) disminuyó el RBV (63,1%) (p <0,05). Los grupos que recibieron harina de yacón mostraron los valores más altos de ácido acético en comparación con aquellos que no recibieron. En conclusión, el arroz fortificado con pirofosfato férrico micronizado por medio de la tecnología UR® mostró alta biodisponibilidad de hierro. La adición de harina de yacón, con el fin de proporcionar 7,5% de fructooligosacáridos (FOS) en la dieta, causó aumento del peso del ciego y de la concentración de AGCC, aunque disminuyó la biodisponibilidad de hierro
Responses of <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> in a Multi-Stressor Scenario: Effects of an Invasive Seaweed Exudate and Microplastic Pollution under Ocean Warming
Microplastic pollution, global warming, and invasive species are known threats to marine biota, but the impact of their simultaneous exposure is still not well understood. This study investigated whether the toxic effects posed by the invasive red seaweed Asparagopsis armata exudate (2%) to the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis are amplified by a 96 h exposure to increased temperature (24 °C) and polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs, 1 mg/L). Biochemical (neurotoxicity, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and damage) and physiological (byssal thread production) responses were evaluated. The number of produced byssus greatly decreased under concomitant exposure to all stressors. The antioxidant defences were depleted in the gills of mussels exposed to temperature rises and PE-MPs, regardless of exudate exposure, preventing oxidative damage. Moreover, the heat shock protein content tended to decrease in all treatments relative to the control. The increased total glutathione in the mussels’ digestive gland exposed to 24 °C, exudate, and PE-MPs avoided oxidative damage. Neurotoxicity was observed in the same treatment. In contrast, the energy metabolism remained unaltered. In conclusion, depending on the endpoint, simultaneous exposure to A. armata exudate, PE-MPs, and warming does not necessarily mean an amplification of their single effects. Studies focusing on the impact of multiple stressors are imperative to better understand the underlying mechanisms of this chronic exposure
How Does Mytilus galloprovincialis Respond When Exposed to the Gametophyte Phase of the Invasive Red Macroalga Asparagopsis armata Exudate?
Asparagopsis armata is classified as an invasive species in Europe. Through the exudation of secondary metabolites, this macroalga holds a chemical defence against consumers, with potential toxic effects to native rocky shore communities. This study aims to evaluate the potential impact of A. armata (gametophyte) exudate in a native species, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, in terms of biochemical and organismal effects. The 96 h-LC50 was 3.667% and based on it, exudate concentrations (0.25; 0.5; 1; 2%) were determined to further sublethal experiments. These sublethal concentrations caused no oxidative damage in the digestive gland since lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation were not affected. Nevertheless, there was a significant rise in the electron transport system activity and total glutathione content in muscle, suggesting an increased non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and consequent energy consumption to cope with potential pro-oxidant compounds. This might have contributed to the observed decline in cellular energy allocation of the exposed mussels. At the organismal level, clearance capacity declined along the concentration gradient. Moreover, the number of functional byssuses decreased with increasing concentrations and a significant reduction in their attachment strength was observed. These findings suggest that the presence of A. armata may compromise M. galloprovincialis integrity in the invaded coastal areas
Invasive Species Mediate Insecticide Effects on Community and Ecosystem Functioning
Anthropogenic
activities increase pesticide contamination and biological
invasions in freshwater ecosystems. Understanding their combined effects
on community structure and on ecosystem functioning presents challenges
for an improved ecological risk assessment. This study focuses on
an artificial stream mesocosms experiment testing for direct and indirect
effects of insecticide (chlorantraniliprole – CAP) exposure
on the structure of a benthic macroinvertebrate freshwater community
and on ecosystem functioning (leaf decomposition, primary production).
To understand how predator identity and resource quality alter the
community responses to chemical stress, the mediating effects of an
invasive predator species (crayfish <i>Procambarus clarkii</i>) and detritus quality (tested by using leaves of the invasive <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i>) on insecticide toxicity were also investigated.
Low concentrations of CAP reduced the abundance of shredders and grazers,
decreasing leaf decomposition and increasing primary production. Replacement
of autochthonous predators and leaf litter by invasive species decreased
macroinvertebrate survival, reduced leaf decomposition, and enhanced
primary production. Structural equation modeling (SEM) highlighted
that CAP toxicity to macroinvertebrates was mediated by the presence
of crayfish or eucalypt leaf litter which are now common in many Mediterranean
freshwaters. In summary, our results demonstrate that the presence
of these two invasive species alters the effects of insecticide exposure
on benthic freshwater communities. The approach used here also allowed
for a mechanistic evaluation of indirect effects of these stressors
and of their interaction on ecosystem functional endpoint, emphasizing
the value of incorporating biotic stressors in ecotoxicological experiments