CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO CULTIVO E CONSERVAÇÃO DA AGROBIODIVERSIDADE EM LOTES URBANOS VAGOS EM DUAS PEQUENAS CIDADES NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) is a growing worldwide phenomenon and brings a range of benefits, such as ensuring food and nutrition security, income generation and the possibility of on-farm biodiversity conservation. In Brazil, many towns still have rural characteristics, such as unoccupied interstitial spaces, allowing former residents of rural areas to maintain their habit of planting. The objective of this study was to describe the urban agriculture practiced in vacant lots in two cities in the interior of Sao Paulo - Charqueada (CH) and Santa Gertrudes (SG). In this sense, we addressed the following aspects: i) socioeconomic characterization of the interviewees; ii) characterization of lots in terms of ownership, cultivation time and agricultural management; iii) inventory of plants and cultivated varieties - with emphasis on roots and tubers - in order to assess the potential for agrobiodiversity conservation in these spaces. All cultivated plots in the urban area were georeferenced, for the establishment of a general sample (77 in CH and 43 in SG) for the characterization of the population regarding socioeconomic and agricultural aspects. Afterwards, a sub-sample (30 in CH and 20 in SG) was selected for the inventory of cultivated plants. The surveys were conducted through structured and semi-structured interviews, using the guided tour in the lots for the plant survey. Farmers are mostly men (more than 80%) over 50 (70%), with low formal education and income; there is no effective participation of young people. Immigrants from other states are present, mostly northeasterners in CH and mineiros (from the state of Minas Gerais) in SG. One hundred and two ethnospecies of cultivated plants, mainly food, were recorded, being the most frequent (> 40% of the lots in both cities) manioc, papaya and okra. A number of crops presented ethnovarieties, but farmers' knowledge about them is not very thorough. The agrobiodiversity found shows the potential of urban agriculture for on-farm conservation, but the lack of interest of the young people and the urban pressures for land occupation may make it difficult to continue. There is a need to raise awareness of the population in general about the role and importance of conservation of agricultural diversity as well as puA agricultura urbana e periurbana (AUP) é um fenômeno mundial crescente e traz uma gama de benefícios, como a busca da segurança alimentar e nutricional, geração de renda e a possibilidade de conservação de agrobiodiversidade on farm. No Brasil, cidades de pequeno porte e zonas periféricas de metrópoles ainda apresentam características rurais, como espaços intersticiais desocupados, possibilitando a ex-moradores das zonas rurais a manutenção do hábito de plantar. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a agricultura urbana praticada nos lotes vagos em duas cidades do interior do estado de São Paulo, Charqueada (CH) e Santa Gertrudes (SG), abordando os seguintes aspectos: caracterização socioeconômica dos entrevistados; caracterização dos lotes quanto a posse, tempo de cultivo e manejo agrícola; e registro das plantas e variedades cultivadas, com ênfase nas raízes e tubérculos, com vistas a avaliar o potencial para a conservação de agrobiodiversidade on farm nesses espaços. Todos os lotes cultivados na malha urbana foram georreferenciados, para o estabelecimento de uma amostra geral (77 em CH e 43 em SG) para a caracterização da população quanto a aspectos socioeconômicos e relativos à agricultura praticada. Posteriormente, selecionou-se uma subamostra (30 em CH e 20 em SG), para inventário das plantas cultivadas. Os levantamentos foram realizados por meio de entrevistas estruturadas e semi-estruturadas, utilizando-se a turnê guiada nos lotes para o levantamento das plantas. Os agricultores são na grande maioria homens acima de 50 anos de idade, de baixa renda e baixa escolaridade; não há participação efetiva dos jovens. Há uma presença importante de migrantes de outros estados, nordestinos em CH e mineiros em SG. Levantaram-se 102 etnoespécies de plantas cultivadas, principalmente alimentares, sendo as mais frequentes (>40% dos lotes em ambas as cidades) mandioca, mamão e quiabo. Vários cultivos apresentaram etnovariedades, mas o conhecimento dos agricultores sobre as mesmas não é muito aprofundado. A agrobiodiversidade levantada atesta o potencial da agricultura urbana para conservação on farm, porém o desinteresse dos mais jovens e as pressões de ocupação imobiliária do solo urbano podem dificultar sua continuidade. Há necessidade de políticas públicas que ordenem a atividade e garantam um mínimo de estabilidade, bem como da conscientização da população em geral sobre o papel e a importância da conservação da diversidade agrícola.

Not available

Não disponívelNot availabl

The Effect Of Income And Length Of Urban Residence On Food Patterns, Food Intake And Nutrient Adequacy In An Amazonian Peri-Urban Slum Population

The influence of income and length of urban residence over the dietary patterns, food intakes and nutrient adequacies were investigated in a slum suburb of Manaus, capital of the State of Amazonas, Brazil. The staple diet consisted of cassava flour, bread, rice, fish, meat, sugar and coffee. The consumption of vegetables, pulses and fruits was low. The diet did not meet recommended levels of intake at the family level for zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin and energy, but was satisfactory for protein and iron. Length of urban residence was significantly related to family income, significantly affected the frequency of consumption of meat, fish and milk, but did not exert a significant influence over the adequacy of the diet for the various nutrients studied. Income was shown to be the major determinant of nutritional adequacy, probably due to a quantitative effect since income improved the quality of the diet only for vitamin A. Little utilized, cheap sources of vitamin A are available and indicate a scope for nutrition education. Food expenditure correlated positively with per capita income. It is estimated that income was the predominant factor limiting dietary adequacy for 30 to 60 percent of the Manaus population at the time of the survey. © 1984, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved

Uso de plantas medicinais por caboclos do baixo Amazonas Barcarena, PA, Brasil.

Submitted by Olímpia Resque ([email protected]) on 2011-02-22T17:38:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 B MPEG BOT 4 (1) 1988 AMOROZO.pdf: 1127103 bytes, checksum: 4d7d18340d2ecdeba03205be9dde672d (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Francileila Silva([email protected]) on 2011-02-22T19:24:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 B MPEG BOT 4 (1) 1988 AMOROZO.pdf: 1127103 bytes, checksum: 4d7d18340d2ecdeba03205be9dde672d (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2011-02-22T19:24:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 B MPEG BOT 4 (1) 1988 AMOROZO.pdf: 1127103 bytes, checksum: 4d7d18340d2ecdeba03205be9dde672d (MD5) Previous issue date: 1988Com o objetivo de estudar o sistema terapêutico de comunidades caboclas, foi feito um levantamento das espécies vegetais com usos medicinais em duas vilas vizinhas no Município de Barcarena (PA), situadas às margens da Baía de Marajó. Foram identificadas cerca de 220 espécies, utilizadas em uma ou mais formas de tratamento. Seu hábito, habitat, origem, manejo, uso, modo de preparo e aplicação foram verificados. Os danos foram levantados, conservando, na medida do possível, a interpretação cabocla relativa à identificação e cura de uma dada doença. Essa pesquisa revelou a riqueza do siatema terapêutico caboclo, tanto ao nível da diversidade de recursos utilizados, como ao nível da utilização e da manipulação destes recursos. Tal conhecimento pode fornecer subsídios para pesquisas mais aprofundadas em várias disciplinas e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de programas de saúde mais adaptados às comunidades beneficiadas

Maintenance of agricultural diversity in rural settlements – a case study in Moji-Mirim, São Paulo, Brazil

This paper investigated whether farmers, when established in rural settlements, keep some traditional features with regard to crops diversity and circulation of planting material. Its aims were to make an ethnobotanical survey of species and varieties and analyze the dinamics of seeds and propagules circulation. A total of 139 varieties of food crops (55 species/28 families) were found, being 87% of them intended for self-consumption; 54% of varieties come from Minas Gerais, home state of most respondents. The number of varieties grown per household ranged from 17 to 54. The informal and free circulation of planting material is the most important way of acquisition. The circulation network is very active, showing a potential for the management of crops diversity, with emphasis on the contribution of settlers to the maintenance and valorization of traditional varieties

Contributions of the old urban homegardens for food production and consumption in Rio Claro, Southeastern Brazil

Urban homegardens are green areas of households within the city limits and they have the potential to provide families with a cheap alternative for diet improvement, and to complement the income of the families who sell cultivated products. This research analyzes the contributions of old urban homegardens on food consumption and household economy. Data related to homegardens composition were collected by interviews and by collecting cultivated plants. Diets were assessed through a retrospective method (last 24 hours food recall) and administered every two months, during a year, to include seasonal variations. The diet of the sampled population was found to be dependent on certain foods, indicating a narrow food niche (Levins index = 25.9; Levins standardized index = 0.23). Variations in interviewees' diet are related to the consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are partly supplied by homegardens. Spices and teas consumed were obtained from homegardens, revealing its importance in food consumption and health. Among the 98 species found in homegardens, only 38% appeared in the interviewees' diet, indicating an under-exploitation of these homegardens. Our study found that the main role of homegardens is to supply variation in the diet, contributing to the consumption of different types of products

Contributions of the old urban homegardens for food production and consumption in Rio Claro, Southeastern Brazil

Urban homegardens are green areas of households within the city limits and they have the potential to provide families with a cheap alternative for diet improvement, and to complement the income of the families who sell cultivated products. This research analyzes the contributions of old urban homegardens on food consumption and household economy. Data related to homegardens composition were collected by interviews and by collecting cultivated plants. Diets were assessed through a retrospective method (last 24 hours food recall) and administered every two months, during a year, to include seasonal variations. The diet of the sampled population was found to be dependent on certain foods, indicating a narrow food niche (Levins index = 25.9; Levins standardized index = 0.23). Variations in interviewees' diet are related to the consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are partly supplied by homegardens. Spices and teas consumed were obtained from homegardens, revealing its importance in food consumption and health. Among the 98 species found in homegardens, only 38% appeared in the interviewees' diet, indicating an under-exploitation of these homegardens. Our study found that the main role of homegardens is to supply variation in the diet, contributing to the consumption of different types of products.Os quintais urbanos correspondem às áreas verdes domiciliares dentro dos limites urbanos e têm o potencial de fornecer às famílias uma alternativa barata para a melhoria da dieta e complementação da renda familiar, pela venda de itens produzidos nesse espaço. Este estudo analisa a contribuição dos quintais urbanos antigos na alimentação e na economia doméstica. Os dados sobre a composição dos quintais foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas e pela coleta de plantas presentes nos quintais. As dietas foram levantadas pelo método recordatório das últimas 24 horas, aplicado bimensalmente, durante um ano, para incluir variações sazonais. Verificou-se que a dieta da população amostrada é dependente de alguns alimentos, indicando um nicho alimentar estreito (índice de Levins = 25,9; Levins padronizado = 0,23). As variações nas dietas dos informantes estão relacionadas com o consumo de frutas e hortaliças, em parte fornecidas pelo quintal. Temperos e chás consumidos foram obtidos dos quintais, revelando sua importância para alimentação e saúde. Das 98 espécies alimentares encontradas nos quintais, apenas 38% apareceram na dieta dos entrevistados, indicando uma subexploração dos quintais. Em nosso estudo, a principal função relatada para os quintais foi proporcionar variações da dieta, contribuindo para o consumo de itens diversificados