Radiomorphometric evaluation of the mandibular cortical bone in brazilian residents of Ribeirão Preto-São Paulo

Orientador: Plauto Christopher Aranha WatanabeDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a espessura do osso cortical mandibular (ECM) na região do forame mentual (Índice Mentual- IM) e na região goníaca (Índice Goníaco-IG), em radiografias panorâmicas de brasileiros e verificar como se relacionam com o gênero e a idade. Um total de 1.287 radiografias panorâmicas digitais de indivíduos de 17-90 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros, foram selecionadas e distribuídas em cinco grupos de idade: 17-20 anos, 21-35, 36-55, 56-69 e 70 ou mais. O IM e IG, foram avaliados utilizando o software Radioimp ® e as medidas da espessura do osso cortical foram feitas bilateralmente, por um pesquisador experiente. Os valores médios e desvios-padrão para ambos os índices foram obtidos. ANOVA, teste de Tukey e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foram utilizados para as análises estatísticas. Todos os índices quantitativos foram significativamente correlacionados com o gênero e idade (p <0,05), porém, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre alguns grupos etários, considerando ambos os gêneros. A concordância intra e inter-avaliador foi excelente. Pôde-se verificar que a ECM é influenciada pela idade e pelo gênero. Os valores médios obtidos em homens e mulheres jovens podem ajudar a criar uma ferramenta padrão para avaliar a qualidade óssea em pacientes pertencentes a grupos de diferentes idadesAbstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mandibular cortical bone thickness (MCBT) in the mental foramen region (Mentalis Index- MI) and in the gonial region (Gonial Index- GI) on panoramic radiographs in Brazilians and check how they relate to gender and age.. A total of 1,287 digital panoramic radiographs of patients, age 17 to 90 years, both genders, were selected and assigned to five groups of age: 17-20 years; 21-35; 36-55; 56-69 and 70 or older. The MI and GI were evaluated using the Radioimp ® software and the measurements of the cortical bone thickness were made bilaterally by one experience researcher. Mean values and standard deviations for both MI and GI were obtained. ANOVA, Tukey's test and the intraclass correlation coefficient were used for the statistical analyses. All the quantitative indices were significantly correlated with gender and age (p <0.05); however, no significant differences were found among some age groups, considering both genders. Intra and inter-rater agreement was excellent. The MCBT is influenced by age and gender. The mean values obtained in young men and women can help establish a standard tool to assess bone quality in patients belonging to all groups of ageMestradoRadiologia OdontologicaMestre em Radiologia Odontológic

Validation Of Cone-beam Computed Tomography As A Predictor Of Osteoporosis Using The Klemetti Classification

This study aimed at evaluating the validity of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for assessing mandibular bone quality using the Klemetti classification. The morphology of the endosteal mandibular cortex of 30 (60 hemi-mandibles) postmenopausal women between the ages of 45 and 80 years was evaluated based on the Klemetti classification in panoramic radiographs used as reference images. Afterwards, panoramic reconstruction and cross-sectional slices of CBCT examinations of these patients were analyzed and categorized according to the same classification. All the images were assessed by two oral radiologists. The McNemar-Bowker test compared the agreement between the CBCT images and the reference images. No differences were found between the diagnostic results based on panoramic radiography and panoramic reconstruction. However, the mean scores for the cross-sectional evaluation were higher, and the results, statistically different from the others. Based on the disagreement found between the panoramic radiographs and the CBCT cross-sectional slices, the Klemetti classification is not an adequate means of assessing bone quality with CBCT. On the other hand, the higher values found for the cross-sectional slices could be associated with better visibility on the CBCT images.30

Evaluation of the Droplets and Aerosols, Posing Potential Risks of COVID-19 Disease Infection Transmission in Dentistry: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Objective: To evaluate the droplets and aerosols, posing potential risks of infection transmission of COVID-19 disease in dentistry. Material and Methods: PubMed, Embase, ISI, Scopus, Medicine have been used to search for articles between September 2019 to December 2020. Data extracted from the studies were included, study, study design, sample size, Sample collection time, Hallway Air Samples (copies/L of air), Personal Air Samples (copies/L of air). Effect size with 95% confidence interval (CI), fixed effect model, Inverse-variance methods were calculated. The Meta-analysis was evaluated with Stata/MP v.16 statistical software (The fastest version of Stata). Results: According to the purpose of the study, 64 articles were found; studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded from the study; the full text of 11 studies was reviewed. Finally, two studies were selected. The effect size of airborne COVID-19 concentrations of the hallway and personal air samples was 64% copies/L of air (ES, 0.64 95% CI=-1.45-2.73) and 100% copies/L air (ES, 1.00 95% CI=-1.77-3.76), respectively. Conclusion: Evidence of aerosol transmission of COVID-19 in observational studies of patients with COVID-19 was 64% copies/L of air and 100% copies/L of air in the hallway and personal air samples, respectively

How does the daily intake of coffee, cola and guaraná soft drinks affect bone mineral density and blood mineral levels? An in vivo study in rats

Orientador: Plauto Christopher Aranha WatanabeTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar e comparar a Densidade Mineral Óssea (DMO), Conteúdo Mineral Ósseo (CMO) e níveis séricos do cálcio, fósforo e magnésio em ratos submetidos à dieta diária de café e refrigerantes à base de cola e guaraná. Para isto foram utilizados 80 ratos (Rattus norvegiau albinus, Wistar), sendo 40 machos e 40 fêmeas, com 60 dias de vida distribuídos em oito grupos de acordo com a dieta. Após 48 dias de administração das substâncias, todos os animais foram sacrificados, coletado o sangue para as análises bioquímicas e dissecados os fêmures esquerdo de cada animal para avaliação da DMO e CMO por meio da densitometria óssea por dupla-absorção de raios X (DXA). Os resultados obtidos foram apresentados como média e erro-padrão da média, submetidos à análise de variância ¿ ANOVA e teste de Tukey com p < 0,05. Os resultados demonstraram que os maiores valores de DMO e CMO foram encontrados nos ratos machos. Redução significativa da DMO e CMO foi observada apenas para o consumo do café nas fêmeas, enquanto que nos machos, nenhuma diferença foi encontrada. Em relação às análises bioquímicas, os ratos machos apresentaram os maiores valores séricos de cálcio, porém sem diferença estatística entre os grupos de dieta. Com referência ao fósforo as fêmeas apresentaram as maiores concentrações séricas do mineral. Para os ratos machos as maiores concentrações de fósforo foram observadas no grupo da cola em relação aos grupos do guaraná e café, porém o mesmo não diferiu do grupo controle. A avaliação do magnésio demonstrou que em ambos os sexos e apenas para o grupo do café houve aumento significativo da concentração plasmática do mineral. Todos os animais apresentaram aumento de peso durante o experimento. Os refrigerantes de cola e guaraná foram as substâncias mais consumidas quando comparadas ao café. Pôde-se concluir que alterações minerais plasmáticas relacionadas ao metabolismo ósseo do cálcio, fósforo e magnésio ocorrem e devem ser avaliadas com cautela na presença de café e refrigerantes à base de cola e guaraná. O café reduziu a DMO e CMO nas fêmeas representando desta maneira um fator de risco à fratura ósseaAbstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the daily intake of coffee, cola and guaraná soft drinks on bone mineral density and blood levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Pi) and magnesium (Mg) in male and female rats. Sixty-days-old Wistar rats were divided into four groups according to the test drink, namely control (water), cola, guaraná and coffee. After 48 days, all animals were sacrificed, had their blood collected for biochemical analyzes and their femora evaluated for bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC). All animals gained weight during the experiment. Consumption was highest for cola and lowest for coffee. Changes in BMD appeared only in females of the coffee group. As for BMC, males showed higher values across groups, while coffee intake provoked significant BMC reduction in females. Regarding blood biochemistry, males showed higher serum Ca levels across groups. While Pi levels were similar across groups for females, males in the guaraná group showed significantly lower Pi levels. Coffee intake produced a significant increase in Mg levels regardless of gender. Taken together, our data suggest that daily coffee intake can lead to decreased BMD and BMC in female rats, and that habitual consumption of coffee, cola and guaraná soft drinks may induce changes in the levels of blood minerals essentially related to bone metabolismDoutoradoRadiologia OdontologicaDoutora em Radiologia Odontológic

Validation of cone-beam computed tomography as a predictor of osteoporosis using the Klemetti classification

Abstract This study aimed at evaluating the validity of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for assessing mandibular bone quality using the Klemetti classification. The morphology of the endosteal mandibular cortex of 30 (60 hemi-mandibles) postmenopausal women between the ages of 45 and 80 years was evaluated based on the Klemetti classification in panoramic radiographs used as reference images. Afterwards, panoramic reconstruction and cross-sectional slices of CBCT examinations of these patients were analyzed and categorized according to the same classification. All the images were assessed by two oral radiologists. The McNemar-Bowker test compared the agreement between the CBCT images and the reference images. No differences were found between the diagnostic results based on panoramic radiography and panoramic reconstruction. However, the mean scores for the cross-sectional evaluation were higher, and the results, statistically different from the others. Based on the disagreement found between the panoramic radiographs and the CBCT cross-sectional slices, the Klemetti classification is not an adequate means of assessing bone quality with CBCT. On the other hand, the higher values found for the cross-sectional slices could be associated with better visibility on the CBCT images

Morphodigital study of bone quality in the mandibular angle in patients with third molar impacted

The aim of this study was to analyze if the presence of impacted third molars, and their positions in the mandibular angle, can change the bone quality in this area, considering the measure of the cortical thickness in this region as representative or not for mandible fracture risk. Software was used to analyze 50 digital images from panoramic radiographs of patients who had one or two impacted third molars in the mandible, and 30 digital images of patients with agenesis of the mandibular third molar. The thickness of the cortical region of the mandible was measured; it was possible to draw a parallel line to the posterior portion of the mandible and a parallel line to the body of this bone on each side of the image. At the intersection of these lines near the distal portion of the second molar, another line was set up to serve as reference in the cortical thickness measurement. It could be concluded that the cortical thickness of the mandibular angle in male patients without impacted third molars was greater than the thickness in patients with these teeth, and no difference in thickness was found for the female group

3D Morphology Analysis of TMJ Articular Eminence in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the computational reconstruction of the articular eminence of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and semiautomatic volumetric segmentation techniques for morphological classification of the TMJ structure. Materials and Methods. A total of 36 MRI scans of TMJ individuals were selected and formatted by using the ITK-SNAP software, consisting of MRI segmentation and generation of 3D models. The TMJ articular eminences were also classified according to the morphology analysis of the articular eminence in 3D reconstructions. Two independent trained and calibrated investigators performed the image analysis, which was repeated after thirty days. Results. There was no association between sex and eminence shape (p=0.456). Fisher’s test revealed no statistically significant association between disc classification and eminence shape on both sides (p=0.629). Chi-square test showed a significant statistically association between disc classification and disc displacement (p=0.000). Intra- and interrater correlation coefficients showed excellent reproducibility values. Conclusions. Anatomical variability of the sample investigated was found, with predominantly round shape and presence of correlation between this shape and normal disc position. The correlation of flattened and convex shapes with disc position reduction indicated that type of disc derangement is more prevalent