Rapporti internazionali e transnazionali nell’evoluzione dell’ordinamento sammarinese.

La Repubblica di San Marino ha sviluppato, particolarmente dopo l’ingresso nelle più importanti organizzazioni a carattere mondiale, una vasta rete di rapporti internazionali. Il suo status di soggetto internazionale non solo non incontra limitazioni in conseguenza dell’esiguità del territorio, ma offre anzi un modello esemplare di piena adesione ai valori essenziali della comunità internazionale in conseguenza dell’adeguamento, operato a livello costituzionale, sia alle norme internazionali generali sia a quelle patrizie poste a garanzia dei diritti fondamentali dell’individuo. Alla notevole apertura della Repubblica alla vita di relazione internazionale non fa tuttavia riscontro una adeguata presenza, all’interno dell’ordinamento sammarinese, degli istituti giuridici necessari alla disciplina appropriata dei rapporti transnazionali privati – essenzialmente un corpus di norme di diritto internazionale privato. Questa situazione si traduce in una carenza di coordinamento con i valori giuridici stranieri, carenza che non favorisce lo svolgimento e l’espansione di tali rapporti

La Carta di Nizza: contenuto e principi ispiratori.

La Carta di Nizza è stata concepita come un testo ricognitivo dei diritti fondamentali vigenti nell’Unione Europea. Il suo contenuto presenta invece innovazioni e lacune, oltre ad un problematico raccordo con altri strumenti di tutela dei diritti fondamentali e con le costituzioni degli Stati membri. Le contraddizioni e le incertezze che la caratterizzano rendono legittima la domanda se la Carta fosse veramente necessaria

Presentazione del Fondo "Giovanni Gualandi"

Indirizzo di saluto del Preside della Facoltà di Giurisprudenza prof. Luigi Mari in occasione della cerimonia per la donazione della Biblioteca Giovanni Gualandi alla Facoltà di Giurisprudenza di Urbino, il 19 settembre 2006

L’interesse superiore del minore nel quadro dello spazio giuridico europeo (a proposito di recenti casi di sottrazione internazionale di minori)

The essay, after a synthetic analysis of the concept of “best interests of the child”, critically examines the orientation of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union on international child abduction. This orientation, formed in the interpretation of reg. (EC) 2201/2003, is in contrast to the jurisprudence of the European Court of human rights, aimed at ensuring in concrete terms, and not in abstract terms, the supremacy of the interests of the child.Il saggio, premessa una sintetica analisi della nozione di “interesse superiore del minore”, esamina criticamente l’orientamento della giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea in materia di sottrazione internazionale di minori. Viene rilevato come tale orientamento, formatosi nell’interpretazione del reg. (CE) 2201/2003, si ponga in singolare contrasto con la giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo, tesa ad assicurare in concreto, e non in termini astratti, la supremazia dell’interesse del minore

Le droit international privé dans l’espace européen dénationalisé

The European Union has long pursued a full program of unification of the national rules on private international law. For the theoretical advantages of uniformity, created by “denazionalizing” the systematic of civil law, corresponds, howewer, a loss of meaning in terms of culture and legal values, at the expense of the identities and the political choices, that only in the national communities – in the absence of democratic processes at the European level – can still find ways of legitimate expression.Paper presented at the Conference “La dimension culturelle du droit international privé (Journée en l’honneur de Tito Ballarino)”, held on June 13, 2014 in Losanna, at the Swiss Institute of Comparative Law.L’Unione europea persegue da tempo un nutrito programma di uniformazione delle normative nazionali di diritto internazionale privato. Ai vantaggi teorici dell’uniformità, artificialmente creata denazionalizzando la sistematica del diritto civile, corrisponde tuttavia una perdita di senso in termini di cultura e di valori giuridici, a scapito delle identità e delle scelte politiche che solo nelle comunità nazionali – in assenza di processi autenticamente democratici a livello europeo – possono ancora trovare legittima espressione.Relazione presentata al Convegno “La dimension culturelle du droit international privé (Journée en l’honneur de Tito Ballarino)”, tenutosi il 13 giugno 2014 a Losanna, presso l’Istituto svizzero di diritto comparat

L’Europa del disinganno

 [The Disillusionment Europe] Currently, the EU faces a crisis so profound that no one can predict the future. Amongst the multiple factors that generated the risk of the dissolution of the Union, the Author focuses on the obsessive political aim of juridical uniformity that characterizes the European legislator. This attitude, which has lead the bureaucratic power-machinery of Brussels to invade, unnecessarily and without limits, any sector of economic and social life, is perceived by a large majority of the European peoples as an attempt upon national values and habits and has provoked nationalistic reactions. This result shows that the functionalistic method and the legislative uniformity, as its corollary, have been incapable of generating the expected integration of the European nations, having denied the value of plurality that is the most prominent character of the European civilisation.

A pSMAD/CDX2 Complex Is Essential for the Intestinalization of Epithelial Metaplasia

The molecular mechanisms leading to epithelial metaplasias are poorly understood. Barrett's esophagus is a premalignant metaplastic change of the esophageal epithelium into columnar epithelium, occurring in patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease. Mechanisms behind the development of the intestinal subtype, which is associated with the highest cancer risk, are unclear. In humans, it has been suggested that a nonspecialized columnar metaplasia precedes the development of intestinal metaplasia. Here, we propose that a complex made up of at least two factors needs to be activated simultaneously to drive the expression of intestinal type of genes. Using unique animal models and robust in vitro assays, we show that the nonspecialized columnar metaplasia is a precursor of intestinal metaplasia and that pSMAD/CDX2 interaction is essential for the switch toward an intestinal phenotype

COVID-19 lockdown and poor sleep quality: not the whole story

A growing body of evidence consistently describes the side-effects of coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown on mental health and sleep quality. We conducted a longitudinal web-based survey of 217 Italian participants at two time points: lockdown and subsequent follow-up. To thoroughly investigate lockdown-related changes in sleep quality, we first evaluated variations in overall sleep quality assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. We then examined sleep changes in specific components of sleep quality. Results revealed a clear dissociation of sleep effects, as a function of the specific domain considered, with longer sleep latency, worse sleep efficiency, and massive sleep medication use during forced confinement. On the other hand, we simultaneously observed an increased sleep duration and better daytime functioning. Our present findings highlight the importance of an accurate examination of sleep quality during lockdown, as the effects were not uniform across populations and different sleep domains

chemical composition antioxidant antimicrobial and anti inflammatory activity of prunus spinosa l fruit ethanol extract

n/

Comprehensive user requirements engineering methodology for secure and interoperable health data exchange

Background: Increased digitalization of healthcare comes along with the cost of cybercrime proliferation. This results to patients' and healthcare providers' skepticism to adopt Health Information Technologies (HIT). In Europe, this shortcoming hampers efficient cross-border health data exchange, which requires a holistic, secure and interoperable framework. This study aimed to provide the foundations for designing a secure and interoperable toolkit for cross-border health data exchange within the European Union (EU), conducted in the scope of the KONFIDO project. Particularly, we present our user requirements engineering methodology and the obtained results, driving the technical design of the KONFIDO toolkit. Methods: Our methodology relied on four pillars: (a) a gap analysis study, reviewing a range of relevant projects/initiatives, technologies as well as cybersecurity strategies for HIT interoperability and cybersecurity; (b) the definition of user scenarios with major focus on cross-border health data exchange in the three pilot countries of the project; (c) a user requirements elicitation phase containing a threat analysis of the business processes entailed in the user scenarios, and (d) surveying and discussing with key stakeholders, aiming to validate the obtained outcomes and identify barriers and facilitators for HIT adoption linked with cybersecurity and interoperability. Results: According to the gap analysis outcomes, full adherence with information security standards is currently not universally met. Sustainability plans shall be defined for adapting existing/evolving frameworks to the state-of-the-art. Overall, lack of integration in a holistic security approach was clearly identified. For each user scenario, we concluded with a comprehensive workflow, highlighting challenges and open issues for their application in our pilot sites. The threat analysis resulted in a set of 30 user goals in total, documented in detail. Finally, indicative barriers of HIT acceptance include lack of awareness regarding HIT risks and legislations, lack of a security-oriented culture and management commitment, as well as usability constraints, while important facilitators concern the adoption of standards and current efforts for a common EU legislation framework. Conclusions: Our study provides important insights to address secure and interoperable health data exchange, while our methodological framework constitutes a paradigm for investigating diverse cybersecurity-related risks in the health sector