Sistematik Filogenetik Isolat-isolat Kapang Indigenous Indonesia sebagai Entomopatogen Kutu Sisik (Lepidoshapes beckii Newman) Hama Tanaman Jeruk

Citrus fruits constitute a basic agricultural product in many countries. They are a source ofnational income, empowering labor market in rural zones and those surrounding urban areas,and in addition to being an important part of the diet. Insects are common problems to plantingof citrus. Purple Scale, Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) is one of the destructive insect pests ofcitrus worldwide. The control of purple scale insects in citrus utilizes native natural enemiesincluding pathogens. Most known species of mould are pathogens of purple scale insect of citrus.The objective of this research was to study phylogenetic systematics of Indonesian indigenousmould isolates as pathogen on purple scale insect (Lepidoshapes beckii Newman) pest of citrusplants. Seven mould isolates derived from Purworejo, Brastagi, and Poncokusumo were showedpathogenic on purple scale insect. The fungal isolates were cultured on PDA. The DNA of fungalmaterial was isolated with Kit Prepman Ultra (Applied Biosystems). Nuclear ribosomal LargeSubunit 28S rDNA (LSU) was amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4. Products of PCR werepurified and sequenced. Based on the 28S rDNA sequence, the result was showed that isolate ofPW ASG D4 was related to Gibberella moniliformis dx-12, PC ORG D4 was related to Gibberella sp.1893, PW ASG D2 was related to Gibberella moniliformis BZ070101, PW LB D2 was related toGibberella moniliformis 52, BRS D22 was related to Fusarium oxysporum DC-1-67, PWRJ I D4 wasrelated to Fusarium culmorum SQ070108, and BRS D23 was related to Aschersonia sp. Ag-11

Peningkatan Pembelajaran Biologi di Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Kerjasama Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan

Research aimed to determine the improvement in high school (SMA) biology learning outcomes through collaboration with the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Brawijaya University. The chosen methodology is quantitative descriptive. The collaboration commenced with an agreement between the School of Veterinary Medicine and SMAN 8 Malang. Participants included 34 11th-grade students and 3 biology teachers. The event began with an opening ceremony, followed by administering a pretest and distributing worksheets to the participants. The workshop comprised two main steps. Firstly, a seminar on various animal anatomies was conducted by faculty members from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, lasting for 100 minutes. Subsequently, practical sessions on bovine osteology and direct examination of animal organs, including mice, chickens, and fish, took place over 180 minutes. These practical sessions were guided by students from the School of Veterinary Medicine serving as assistants in the Anatomy Laboratory. Finally, participants underwent a posttest, completed a questionnaire, and took a group photo. Pretest and posttest scores were evaluated. The research findings indicate that the average pretest score was 25.38±4.73. Following the workshop activities, the average posttest score increased to 51.83±17.22, signifying a 100% improvement in the average posttest scores. Additionally, 18.92% of participants achieved scores exceeding 70. Based on the questionnaire, the majority of participants (55.56%) rated the collaboration activity as excellent. In conclusion, this collaboration significantly enhances biology learning in high schools, providing substantial benefits for both students and teachers.   Keywords: Animal Anatomy, Veterinary Medicine, SMAN 8 Malang, Biology Worksho