Literary machine translation under the magnifying glass : assessing the quality of an NMT-translated detective novel on document level

Several studies (covering many language pairs and translation tasks) have demonstrated that translation quality has improved enormously since the emergence of neural machine translation systems. This raises the question whether such systems are able to produce high-quality translations for more creative text types such as literature and whether they are able to generate coherent translations on document level. Our study aimed to investigate these two questions by carrying out a document-level evaluation of the raw NMT output of an entire novel. We translated Agatha Christie's novel The Mysterious Affair at Styles with Google's NMT system from English into Dutch and annotated it in two steps: first all fluency errors, then all accuracy errors. We report on the overall quality, determine the remaining issues, compare the most frequent error types to those in general-domain MT, and investigate whether any accuracy and fluency errors co-occur regularly. Additionally, we assess the inter-annotator agreement on the first chapter of the novel

Development and validation of process analytical methods for a continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing process of tablets based on wet granulation

Continuous processing is well established in the chemical, cosmetics and food industry, whilst it is still in its infancy in the pharmaceutical industry. However, there exists the intention to shift pharmaceutical manufacturing from traditional batch production towards continuous production. Continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing has several advantages, but with its implementation one major question rises as well: “How to assure the quality of both the in-process materials and the end product?”. Indeed, the quality of pharmaceutical products obtained via traditional batch-wise processes is generally assessed via sampling and time-consuming off-line analyses in analytical laboratories. These quality evaluation methods would annul the advantages of continuous processing. It is clear that real-time quality assessment and control is indispensable for continuous production by means of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools. In this dissertation, the strengths and weaknesses of several complementary PAT tools, implemented in a continuous wet granulation process, which is part of a fully continuous from powder-to-tablet production line, were evaluated. Furthermore, the influence of raw material variability upon processability, intermediates and end products was investigated. Process understanding is gained and the presented approach fits in the Quality by Design (QbD) framework as it is presented by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH)

Assessing the Comprehensibility of Automatic Translations (ArisToCAT)

The ArisToCAT project aims to assess the comprehensibility of ‘raw’ (unedited) MT output for readers who can only rely on the MT output. In this project description, we summarize the main results of the project and present future work

Near infrared and Raman spectroscopy for the in-process monitoring of pharmaceutical production processes

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Gutenberg goes neural : comparing features of Dutch human translations with raw neural machine translation outputs in a corpus of English literary classics

Due to the growing success of neural machine translation (NMT), many have started to question its applicability within the field of literary translation. In order to grasp the possibilities of NMT, we studied the output of the neural machine system of Google Translate (GNMT) and DeepL when applied to four classic novels translated from English into Dutch. The quality of the NMT systems is discussed by focusing on manual annotations, and we also employed various metrics in order to get an insight into lexical richness, local cohesion, syntactic, and stylistic difference. Firstly, we discovered that a large proportion of the translated sentences contained errors. We also observed a lower level of lexical richness and local cohesion in the NMTs compared to the human translations. In addition, NMTs are more likely to follow the syntactic structure of a source sentence, whereas human translations can differ. Lastly, the human translations deviate from the machine translations in style

Real-time assessment of critical quality attributes of a continuous granulation process

There exists the intention to shift pharmaceutical manufacturing of solid dosage forms from traditional batch production towards continuous production. The currently applied conventional quality control systems, based on sampling and time-consuming off-line analyses in analytical laboratories, would annul the advantages of continuous processing. It is clear that real-time quality assessment and control is indispensable for continuous production. This manuscript evaluates strengths and weaknesses of several complementary Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools implemented in a continuous wet granulation process, which is part of a fully continuous from powder-to-tablet production line. The use of Raman and NIR-spectroscopy and a particle size distribution analyzer is evaluated for the real-time monitoring of critical parameters during the continuous wet agglomeration of an anhydrous theophylline− lactose blend. The solid state characteristics and particle size of the granules were analyzed in real-time and the critical process parameters influencing these granule characteristics were identified. The temperature of the granulator barrel, the amount of granulation liquid added and, to a lesser extent, the powder feed rate were the parameters influencing the solid state of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). A higher barrel temperature and a higher powder feed rate, resulted in larger granules