The Effects of Testosterone and Sport Participation On Aggression in Daily Life

In an extension of research on aggressive behavior and testosterone, the present study experimentally examines the effects sport participation and testosterone can have on aggression. Participants of the study were tested in three groups: contact sport athlete, non-contact sport athlete, and non-athlete. It was hypothesized that contact sport athletes would demonstrate more aggressive behaviors than non-contact sport athletes and non- athletes. It was also hypothesized that men, in general, with a lower 2D:4D ratio (meaning they were exposed to more testosterone prenatally) would have a higher aggressive score. The data found did not support the first hypothesis, where contact sport athletes did not have the highest mean aggression score of the three groups, but the non- athlete group did: Non-athlete group (M = 2.81), Contact athlete group (M = 2.62), and Non-contact group (M = 2.52). The data found did support the second hypothesis, where males with a lower 2D:4D ratio had higher aggression scores. A significant interaction between group and finger length was found, F (2, 38) = 7.13, p = .002, η2 = .64. The present research has opened a door for future experiments to adjust and try with different measures

Biogeomorphodynamics of Coastal Ecosystems under Conditions of Climate Change and Nutrient Enrichment

<p>At a given time, tidal landforms inhabit one of three alternate elevation-determined stable states: salt marsh, sub-tidal platform, or tidal flat. The balance between soil production and sea level rise controls transitions between states. Due to increasing anthropogenic inputs to the carbon and nitrogen cycles, CO2 and nutrient enrichment rates are rising. What effect will this have on the evolution of the tidal landform? The present thesis recognizes that (1) soil production depends on halophyte biomass, (2) nutrient enrichment promotes a shift in biomass production from below- to aboveground thus increasing potential for sediment trapping, and (3) elevated CO2 causes an increase in total biomass production. Through use of point- and one-dimensional models, the present thesis finds that under constant suspended sediment levels equal to 20 kg/m3, (1) nutrient enrichment decreases accretion and increases suspended sediment requirements necessary to maintain accessibility of the salt marsh state, (2) elevated CO2 increases accretion decreases suspended sediment requirements necessary to maintain accessibility of the salt marsh state, and (3) the increase in accretion affected by CO2 addition is greater in magnitude than the decrease affected by nutrient enrichment. Thus we can infer that in a future scenario including increasing CO2, nutrient enrichment, and decreasing suspended sediment concentration, the enhancement effect of CO2 will dominate and a net increase in accretion will occur.</p>Thesi

The Reaction of Trimethylsilylethynyl(phenyl)iodonium Triflate with Some Phenolates: Formation of Substitution and sp2 C-H Insertion Products

Treatment of trimethylsilylethynyl(phenyl)iodonium triflate with the potassium salts of some acidic phenols results in the formation of substitution products (O-trimethylsilylethynylphenols and/or O-ethynylphenols), along with sp2C-H insertion products which afford eventually 2-aroxybenzo[b]furans