Determining how atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have changed during the history of the Earth

The reconstruction of ancient atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is essential to understanding the history of the Earth and life. It is also an important guide to identifying the sensitivity of the Earth system to this greenhouse gas and, therefore, constraining its future impact on climate. However, determining the concentration of CO2 in ancient atmospheres is a challenging endeavour requiring the application of state-of-the-art analytical chemistry to geological materials, underpinned by an understanding of photosynthesis and biochemistry. It is truly an interdisciplinary challenge

The Icefield Ranges Research Project, 1969

The Icefield Ranges Research Project (IRRP) - as was visualized nearly ten years ago - becomes each year more and more a complete study of the environment dominated by the St. Elias Mountains, Canada/Alaska. Since 1967, IRRP has been composed of three closely-integrated research units, planned to achieve the proposed aims of IRRP as defined by Dr. W.A. Wood, the original Project Director, accepted by the Arctic Institute's Board of Governors in 1961, and endorsed by the IRRP Advisory Committee. This report reviews the work accomplished by a total of over 65 scientists, their assistants, and support personnel, during the 1969 summer field season, which opened in mid-May and ended the first week in September. It is composed of post-field summaries by principal investigators researching in the disciplines of glaciology, geophysics, physical geography, botany, zoology, archaeology and physiology

The Icefield Ranges Research Project, 1970

In 1970 the Icefield Ranges Research Project (IRRP) conducted its tenth consecutive summer of interdisciplinary basic research in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon Territory, and in the valley and plateau region to the east where all aspects of the environment reflect the influence of those mountains. Summer field investigations began in April and ended the last week in August. And for the first time since the Project's inception in 1961, two programs have continued through the winter (1970-71). This opportunity to continue studies all the year round was made possible by the winterization of a log house; the work, begun in 1967 on the north side of the runway near the Kluane Base Camp, was completed with modern facilities in June 1970. This short paper briefly reviews the programs which were accomplished during the 1970 field season within the broad categories of glaciology, geophysics, physical geography, biology, and human physiology

Discrete noiseless coding

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, 1957.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-69).by Richard S. Marcus.M.S

Co-Clinical Imaging Resource Program (CIRP): Bridging the translational divide to advance precision medicine

The National Institutes of Health\u27s (National Cancer Institute) precision medicine initiative emphasizes the biological and molecular bases for cancer prevention and treatment. Importantly, it addresses the need for consistency in preclinical and clinical research. To overcome the translational gap in cancer treatment and prevention, the cancer research community has been transitioning toward using animal models that more fatefully recapitulate human tumor biology. There is a growing need to develop best practices in translational research, including imaging research, to better inform therapeutic choices and decision-making. Therefore, the National Cancer Institute has recently launched the Co-Clinical Imaging Research Resource Program (CIRP). Its overarching mission is to advance the practice of precision medicine by establishing consensus-based best practices for co-clinical imaging research by developing optimized state-of-the-art translational quantitative imaging methodologies to enable disease detection, risk stratification, and assessment/prediction of response to therapy. In this communication, we discuss our involvement in the CIRP, detailing key considerations including animal model selection, co-clinical study design, need for standardization of co-clinical instruments, and harmonization of preclinical and clinical quantitative imaging pipelines. An underlying emphasis in the program is to develop best practices toward reproducible, repeatable, and precise quantitative imaging biomarkers for use in translational cancer imaging and therapy. We will conclude with our thoughts on informatics needs to enable collaborative and open science research to advance precision medicine

On the Phenomenology of Hydrodynamic Shear Turbulence

The question of a purely hydrodynamic origin of turbulence in accretion disks is reexamined, on the basis of a large body of experimental and numerical evidence on various subcritical (i.e., linearly stable) hydrodynamic flows. One of the main points of this paper is that the length scale and velocity fluctuation amplitude which are characteristic of turbulent transport in these flows scale like $Re_m^{-1/2}$, where $Re_m$ is the minimal Reynolds number for the onset of fully developed turbulence. From this scaling, a simple explanation of the dependence of $Re_m$ with relative gap width in subcritical Couette-Taylor flows is developed. It is also argued that flows in the shearing sheet limit should be turbulent, and that the lack of turbulence in all such simulations performed to date is most likely due to a lack of resolution, as a consequence of the effect of the Coriolis force on the large scale fluctuations of turbulent flows. These results imply that accretion flows should be turbulent through hydrodynamic processes. If this is the case, the Shakura-Sunyaev $\alpha$ parameter is constrained to lie in the range $10^{-3}-10^{-1}$ in accretion disks, depending on unknown features of the mechanism which sustains turbulence. Whether the hydrodynamic source of turbulence is more efficient than the MHD one where present is an open question.Comment: 31 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap

The impact of obesity and timely antiviral administration on severe influenza outcomes among hospitalized adults

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141541/1/jmv24946.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141541/2/jmv24946_am.pd