Evolução da desigualdade na distribuição dos salários no Brasil

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a evolução da desigualdade na distribuição dos salários no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. A decomposição dessa desigualdade indicou que a heterogeneidade educacional explica parte significativa da desigualdade total, sendo que a redução dos diferenciais de salários entre os níveis educacionais foi uma das principais explicações para a queda da desigualdade na distribuição dos salários. Por outro lado, a ampliação do mercado de trabalho formal tem contribuído para aumentar a desigualdade salarial no País. Por fim, embora se verifique queda na dispersão dos salários entre os fatores observados, as evidências apontam aumento na parcela atribuída aos componentes não observados.The objective of this work is to investigate the evolution of the inequality in the wage distribution in the Brazilian labor market. The decomposition of that inequality indicated that the educational heterogeneity explains significant part of the total inequality, and the reduction of the differences on wages among the educational levels was one of the main explanations for the fall of the inequality in the distribution of wages. On the other hand, the amplification of the formal labor market has been contributing to increase the salary inequality. Finally, although fall is verified in the dispersion of the wages among the observed factors, the evidences point increase in the portion attributed to the non observed components

Pobreza multidimensional no Brasil, 1991, 2000 e 2010: uma abordagem espacial para os municípios brasileiros

The aim of the present study was to analyze the spatial distribution of multidimensional poverty in Brazilian municipalities considering the Minimally Comparable Areas (AMC) and its convergence in the years 1991, 2000 and 2010. For this purpose, a Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) the exploratory analysis of spatial data was performed and the spatial econometric approach was used to verify the convergence of multidimensional poverty. The results indicated that housing conditions and demography were the dimensions that contributed most to multidimensional poverty, and the dimensions of health and sanitation and income contributed most to the reduction of multidimensional poverty. The study also pointed out that Brazil showed absolute convergence and multidimensional poverty convergence clubs, especially from 2000 to 2010. In addition, the dimensions of work and housing conditions have contributed most to the convergence of multidimensional poverty.O presente estudo analisa a distribuição espacial da pobreza multidimensional nos municípios brasileiros considerando as Áreas Minimamente Comparáveis (AMC) e sua convergência nos anos de 1991, 2000 e 2010. Para isso, foi construído um Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional (IPM), realizada a análise exploratória de dados espaciais (AEDE) e, para verificar a convergência da pobreza multidimensional, utilizou-se a abordagem de econometria espacial. Os resultados indicaram que condições de habitação e demografia foram as dimensões que mais contribuíram para a pobreza multidimensional, e as dimensões de saúde e saneamento e renda são as que mais contribuíram para a redução da pobreza multidimensional. O estudo também apontou que o Brasil apresentou convergência absoluta e clubes de convergência da pobreza multidimensional, especialmente de 2000 para 2010. Além disso, as dimensões trabalho e condições de habitação foram as que mais contribuíram para a convergência da pobreza multidimensional

Comunicación y ciudad. La producción social de la seguridad en Posadas, Misiones. 16H303

Frente a la creciente acentuación positiva de la seguridad en las sociedades contemporáneas y a tendencias locales que parecen confirmarla; buscamos analizar dinámicas urbanas en Posadas, Misiones; que directa o indirectamente ponen en la escena pública “la cuestión de la seguridad”. Se pretende investigar dicha cuestión desde un abordaje prioritariamente comunicacional; por lo que se prestará especial atención a su dimensión semiótica, discursiva y cultural; en particular a gestos de interpretación y efectos de sentido sociopolítico que se ponen en juego con la producción, circulación y consumo de discursos así como con situaciones e interacciones visibles en el espacio público urbano que la expresan y resignifican. Nos proponemos reflexionar por lo tanto sobre la seguridad en tanto discursividad y cultura; con énfasis en la perspectiva de actores situados; para saber, comprender, interpretar por dónde, cómo y por qué pasa la cuestión de la seguridad en la actualidad; entre quiénes, con que acuerdos y desacuerdos, con que fricciones, con que procedimientos, con qué efectos. Nos interesa sobre todo indagar acerca de qué se naturaliza y a quién/quiénes se beneficia con lo que se hace y dice en términos de seguridad. Para ello, focalizaremos el análisis en una productividad semiótico-discursiva focalizada espaciotemporalmente: en el presente y en la cotidianeidad de una ciudad en particular; a fin de considerar lo que tiene de específico en un momento dado; sin descuidar su inscripción en la historia; sus reformulaciones, su significados y efectos de sentido previos. Esto supone asumir un enfoque relacional / procesual y la integración de diversos abordajes teóricos-metodológicos, en particular: comunicacional, semiótico discursivo, antropológico

An empirical analysis of the relationship between bank credit and economic growth

This paper tests the hypothesis that bank credit is necessary for economic growth, depending on the country's level of economic and financial development. It also seeks to verify whether the relationship between financial development and economic growth is monotonic. For this, Granger's causality methodology is used for panel data, with data from 106 countries for the period between 1970 and 2016. It is observed that there was an expansion of world credit above the economic growth observed over the studied period. The main empirical findings indicate that, in general, credit causes economic growth and vice versa, in addition to verifying the non-monotonicity of the relationship between financial development and economic growth, so that, for very low credit / GDP indices, the causality of the credit to GDP is not verified

Determinants of South American bank credit: An approach to panel data

The objective of this paper is to analyze the determinants of the domestic banking credit in the South American countries, based on panel data, for the period 2000 to 2016. The results indicate that domestic deposits and liabilities to non-residents contribute positively to the growth of private credit, with domestic funding having a more representative impact than foreign funding. Economic growth leads to a greater demand for credit and an increase in credit, while higher domestic and US interest rates reduce credit growth. Rising inflation also negatively affect private sector credit. In addition, as regards credit composition, domestic deposits and economic growth are the main components of credit expansion, and, in turn, inflation and domestic interest rates contribute negatively

Determinants of South American bank credit: An approach to panel data

The objective of this paper is to analyze the determinants of the domestic banking credit in the South American countries, based on panel data, for the period 2000 to 2016. The results indicate that domestic deposits and liabilities to non-residents contribute positively to the growth of private credit, with domestic funding having a more representative impact than foreign funding. Economic growth leads to a greater demand for credit and an increase in credit, while higher domestic and US interest rates reduce credit growth. Rising inflation also negatively affect private sector credit. In addition, as regards credit composition, domestic deposits and economic growth are the main components of credit expansion, and, in turn, inflation and domestic interest rates contribute negatively

Indoor school environment: easy and low cost to assess inorganic pollutants

Total particulate matter (TPM) was passively collected inside two classrooms of each of five elementary schools in Lisbon, Portugal. TPM was collected in polycarbonate filters with a 47 mm diameter, placed inside of uncovered plastic petri dishes. The sampling period was from 19 May to 22 June 2009 (35 days exposure) and the collected TPM masses varied between 0.2 mg and 0.8 mg. The major elements were Ca, Fe, Na, K, and Zn at μg level, while others were at ng level. Pearson′s correlation coefficients above 0.75 (a high degree of correlation) were found between several elements. Soil-related, traffic soil re-suspension and anthropogenic emission sources could be identified. Blackboard chalk was also identified through Ca large presence. Some of the determined chemical elements are potential carcinogenic. Quality control of the results showed good agreement as confirmed by the application of u-score test